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  R. GOWRI

III B.sc Zoology 

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  Fertilizer‘s are the substances or material the maint

the fertility of the soil and promote the growth of the plant.

Fertilizer

Chemical fertilizer Biofertili

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•  A Biofertilizer   is a substance which contains living

microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surf

soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant

promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability o

nutrients to the host plant. 

•  Bio-fertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes

nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimula

plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting

substances.

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•   Chemical fertilizers are man made and

purely chemicals.

•   It make the fertility of the soil.

•   Example : urea, NPK fertilizers.

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Bacterial Biofertilizer

Two types

  Non symbiotic _ Azospirillum, Azotobacter

  Symbiotic _ Rhizobium

Algal Biofertilizer 

Blue green algae [BGA]

Fungal Biofertilizer 

Vesicular & Arbuscular Mycorrhizae [VAM]

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RHIZOBIUM

AZOSPIRILLUM

VA-MYCORRHIZA

BLUE GREEN ALGAE

AZOTOBACTER

PSB

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• Bacteria enter the root hairs of the host plants

• It multiply and stimulate the formation of root nodules, en

plant cells and bacteria associate with the nodules.

• The bacteria converted free nitrogen into nitrates in host

Legume root nodules

Rhizobium bacteria

inside nodule

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The important algal Biofertilizer is BGA

They have special structure called Heterocyst,& have a chemiNitrogenous it which they are convert nitrogen in to nitrate.

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It means the structure formed of fungi & roots of higher plants

The fungus associated with root & it promotes the growth of tsystem.

So the plants absorbed the more nutrients

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Biofertilizer are environment friendly and protect the

environment against pollutants.

They help to get high yield of crops by making the soilwith nutrients and useful microorganisms necessary fo

growth of the plants.

Biofertilizer increase the fertility of the soil.

It increase water holding capacity of the soil. Rhizobia increase the yield of Broad bean, Lentil, Wee

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Cytokine , IAA [indol acetic acid] are produced by Azospirillum t

the yield of pearl millets.

BGA increase the yield of crop.

Phosphate solubilizing microorganism increase the phosphate upt

of plant.

Biofertilizer destroy those harmful components from the soil whi

diseases in the plants. Plants can also be protected against droug

strict conditions by using bio fertilizers.

Replace 25 - 30% of chemical fertilizers

Increase the grain yield by 10– 40%

Improve the texture & structure of the soil.

Bio fertilizers are not costly and even poor farmers can make use

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It change the pH of the soil

It pollute the environment

It kills the soil organism.

It change the water holding

capacity of the soil.

It decrease the soil fertility. 

Biofertilizer

It does not change the pH of

the soil.

It is ecofriendly

It does not kill the soil

organism.

It does not change the water

holding capacity of the soil.

It maintain the soil fertility

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