Post on 24-Feb-2016
description
Advances in radioactive ion beam R&D at GANIL
P. Delahaye, GANIL
Talk overview
• Radioactive accelerated beams at GANIL– Present performances of SPIRAL
• Metallic ions beams– SPIRAL FEBIAD beams– SPIRAL 2 Laser ion source
• Charge breeding: The EMILIE project– collaborative efforts towards EURISOL
ISOL @ GANIL: SPIRAL
Radioactive accelerated beams
A. Prost driving kart in the early 1970’s
Heavy ion sources
CSS1
CSS2
Production cave
CIME
Acceleration Stable ions
Post-accelerationOf radioactive ions
Heavy ion fragmentation on graphite targets
Present GANIL facility
12C to 78Kr up to 95AMeV
LIRAT
3 kW
1,5 kW
Ne, Ar, Kr, N, O, F
He
Targets
Up to 20 AMeV
CIME:« Cyclotron d’ions de moyenne énergie »
REX-ISOLDE commemoration• What REX-ISOLDE is NOT
– REX does not use an ECR ion source• It almost did consider it! (2003-2008)
• SPIRAL @ GANIL already does and will!– REX does not use a CW post-accelerator
• But a pulsed LINAC• SPIRAL and SPIRAL2 @ GANIL (will) do!• HIE-ISOLDE might use a CW LINAC too!
Design Study Comparison of charge breeding techniques during FP6
ECR multi-ionization in Nanogan 3
• Better ionisation efficiencies for gases!
To the cost of universality
3 kW Graphite TargetRectangular wave guide
Insulators
Nanogan III 10GHz ECR ion source
Insulator
Plasma chamber
UHF Tunable cavitywith piston
0 V- 650 V
Polarized coaxial copper tube
3,3kW primary beam
Radioactive beam
Cold transfer tubeHe, N, O, F, Ne, Ar, Kr A. C. Villari et al., Nuclear Physics A 787 (2007)
126c–133c
Highly selective!!
• The cyclotron has an intrisic high mass resolving power– R=m/dm usually 5 103 to 104
– It is a CW machine– It goes up to 20AMeV! With the correct A/q
– BUT complicated injection: 30% efficiency
Post-acceleration in CIME
CIME working diagram
The past… and the future! Metallic beams: a ‘hot topic’ for SPIRAL
• Metallic (+ halogen + non metallic) elements– effusion times from ISOL targets are usually a penalty compared to rare gases– High ionization efficiencies require dedicated developments (FEBIAD or RILIS),
whereas for rare gases almost any ECRIS can do the job• N+ beams for post-acceleration
– SPIRAL concept: 0 to n+ ionization efficiencies are very high for rare gases– BUT application to metallic beams not straightforward as ECRIS are cold wall
sources– 1+ n+ (=charge breeding) works fairly well with EBIS but pulsed beams (not
suited to GANIL experiments)– 1+ n+ with ECRIS works well in CW even with high intensities but several
weaknesses: • Comparably lower charge states• Beam purity not guaranted• Low efficiencies with light metallic beams: <5% up to K
Metallic ion beams
• Metallic beams @ SPIRAL
1+ N+ solution
M. Marie Jeanne, PhD thesis , UJF Grenoble, 2009
1+ to n+ transformationFEBIAD: 1+ beams from condensable elements with Tfusion<2000°CPhoenix ECRIS: 1+ to n+ transformation
FEBIAD ISOLDE
Present system
0 to n+ transformationCold surfacesOnly gaseous elements
FEBIAD source: VADIS from CERNGoal: first ionization of gases and condensable elements Technical requirement: Target and ion source surfaces T(K)>~2300
L. Penescu et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81(2010)02A906
ISOLDE – GANIL MoU
Thermal Calculations FEBIAD + SPIRAL 1 target
F. Pellemoine and C. Bathe-Dejean, O. Bajeat
Coupling to the SPIRAL target
Latest testsMetallic beams from a FEBIAD ion source
FEBIAD ISOLDE
Tests in SIRa • in May with 58Ni@ 75 AMeV• in July with 36Ar @95AMeV
+
SPIRAL TargetTwo beam times with slight changes
Transfer tube broke down during the first tests
Ta transfer tube was cut because of mechanical constraints, and finally melted down!
1st test beam time
Latest testsMetallic beams from a FEBIAD ion source
FEBIAD ISOLDE
Tests in SIRa • in May with 58Ni@ 75 AMeV• in July with 36Ar @95AMeV
+
SPIRAL Target
2nd test beam time
Two beam times with slight changes
Bellow (IPNO design)
Transfer tube was replaced by a new including a bellow
Source is still working, lack of conditionning made low efficiencies during the beam time
Deduced 1+ intensities 1st test
ISOTOPE Half-life (s) Power (W)Measured 1+ intensity
1+ intensity (750W)
Efficiency/EPAX (%)
38K 456 4 3.8E+04 7.3E+06 2.08E+0138mK 0.923 4 - - 53Fe 510.6 34 6.6E+04 1.4E+06 1.07E+0053mFe 154.8 34 1.4E+04 3.0E+05 2.24E-0158Mn 3 37 5.7E+04 1.2E+06 58Cu 3.204 37 4.3E+03 9.0E+04 59Cu 81.5 38 7.3E+04 1.5E+06 60Cu 1422 35 2.5E+03 5.E+04
Mostly >105 pps!Contains:Release efficiency (diffusion + effusion delays)Ionisation efficiency
From Gamma line intensities at saturation
Despite the reliability and temperatures issues, the target ion source exhibits performances as good as one could wish!
58Ni@75AMeV
PRELIMINARY
Deduced 1+ intensities 2nd testFrom Gamma line intensities at saturation taken on line
ISOTOPE Half-life (s) Power (W)Measured 1+ intensity
1+ intensity (1.5kW) and nominal ionisation efficiency
23Mg 11.3s ~13 1.73E+03 2.00E+0625Al 7.18s ~13 2.60E+02 3.00E+0533Cl 2.5s ~13 6.93E+03 8.00E+0635Ar 1.775s ~13 8.67E+03 1.00E+0737K 1.226s ~13 1.10E+04 1.27E+0738K 6.3min ~13 1.30E+04 1.50E+07
38mK 923ms ~13 1.30E+04 1.50E+07
36Ar@95AMeV
Ionisation efficiency ~10% of the nominal• lack of conditioning time• misbehaving extraction opticsMonitored with 20Ne and verified with 35Ar (radioactive)
PRELIMINARY
•Already more beams than presently delivered at SPIRAL!
• Most beams have projected intensities > 106 pps for 1.5kW primary beam power
Existing beams at SPIRAL
Ionised as radioactive beams
Ionized as stable beams
New beams from FEBIAD (LIRAT, IBE): 2013New beams from Booster (CIME energies): end of 2014
New elements to come…
Item 2011 2012 2013 2014
Nuclear ventilation ASN Installation
Production cave Modification
FEBIAD New prototype tests
Charge breeder Design, orders Upgrade Commissionning● First 1+ beams
●
First post-accelerated beams
Main milestones
Outlook: b-n angular correlations at LIRAT
• A wide program of measurements– Up to 10 Tz=1/2 emitters available with required intensities (>107pps)
• Vud values from mirror nuclides
– New candidates for other types of measurements• Exotic currents in beta decay
• Mass selection: MR-TOF spectrometer
Design values:Mass resolving power >10000Space charge capacity > 104 ions per bunch
First simulations N. Bidault(RIKEN MR-TOF-MS)
Support from University Greifswald (R. Wolf and L. Schweikhard) for developing a MR-TOF-MS for LIRAT
Metallic ion beams
• Metallic beams @ SPIRAL 2
The SPIRAL 2 construction
• FiguresSPIRAL 2 phase 1
GANIL
DESIR
SPIRAL 2 phase 2
SPIRAL2 facilityRI produced by fission process, fusion evaporation residues or transfer products High intensity stable primary beams : P, D, 3,4He, heavy ions with A/Q=3 (1mA-5mA)Energy range : from 2MeV/u up to 20MeV/u (D), 14.5MeV/u (HI), 33MeV (P)
GISELE Laser systemGANIL Ion Source using Electron Laser ExcitationN. Lecesne, O. Bajeat, B. Osmond, M. Sjödin
3 TiSa cavities from TRIUMF
2 Tripler cavities from Mainz U.
computercontrol
n x 3
n x 2Ti:Sa 2
Ti:Sa 1
Ti:Sa 3
10 kHz Nd:YAGPump laser
100 W
wave -meter
TiSa lasers: 200 – 500n & 700 – 1000nm
Latest news from the laser ion source
TiSa laser, 20m transport path and hot cavity
First Ga+ ion beam (+ Mainz U.) in July 2011
Target and Ion Source for SPIRAL2: UCx + RILIS
Next beams: Sn, Zn, Y, In
N. Lecesne, Proceedings of the ICIS 2011 conf. to appear in RSI
739.15739.2739.25739.3739.35739.4739.45739.5
Rydberg state of Ga
3rd step (nm)
Ga +
(a.u
.)
July 2011
First laser ionization
Charge breeding
The EMILIE project
« Enhanced Multi-Ionization of short Lived Isotopes for EURISOL »
Charge breeding for ISOL facilities
Design Study
P. Delahaye, A. Galata, J. Angot, G. Ban, L. Celona, J. Choinski, P. Gmaj, A. Jakubowski, P. Jardin, T. Kalvas, H. Koivisto, V. Kolhinen, T. Lamy, D. Lunney, L. Maunoury, A. M. Porcellato, G. F. Prete, O. Steckiewicz, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier, O. Tarvainen, E. Traykov, F. Varenne, and F. Wenander
Charge breeding studies during FP6
ISOL target 1+ ion source
1+ n+1+ separator A/q separator
Accelerator
Design StudyECRIS and EBIS were comparedAdvantages and drawbacks were identified
1+ N+: P. Delahaye et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 46(2010)421
• Matching the A/q acceptance of the post-accelerator• Higher charge states corresponds to more compact post-accelerator and / or higher energies
Charge breeding techniques comparison
Efficiency 1-20% depending on Z
Design Study
Phoenix ECRIS Test stand at LPSC and ISOLDE
REX-EBISOperational at REX-ISOLDE
132Sn > 1013 ions/sECRIS best suited:• Not space charge limited• CW device
136Sn ~ 105 ions/sEBIS best suited-Higher charge states-Higher purity
P. Delahaye, EMILIE Kick - off meeting
Detail of the EURISOL LayoutModified from P. Butler’s presentation, NuPECC meeting June 2007
Low-resolutionmass-selector
To low-energy areas
BunchingRFQRFQs
Chargeselector
1+ beam from the target – ion source units
High intensity RFQ cooler
High-resolutionmass-selector
To low-energy areas
ECRIS Charge breeder
Cooler Buncher
EBIS“push-pull” mode
LINAC
SC cavities
HT
P. Delahaye, O. Kester, C. Barton, T. Lamy, M. Marie-Jeanne, F. Wenander Eur. Phys. J. A 46(2010)421
NSCL - like
CW beams!
Suggestion made for EURISOL
CW EBIS charge breederLess dead time, piling-up and fake coincidence problemsREX-EBIS and MINIBALL: data acquisition problems with intensities as low as 105-106 pps
WP2Concept of CW EBIS charge breeder
Post-accelerated beams for SPIRAL 2Baseline scenario: Phoenix ECR charge breeder from LPSCLimitation in energy, especially for the second fission bump
Charge state Energy (AMeV)
Intensity (pps)
18+ 5.0 1.8E7
25+ 9.6 1.8E6
132Sn
Solution: EBIS + buffer trap = CW EBIS
REX-EBIS132Sn33+ is feasible!(138-144Xe34+ already done)No intensity decreaseUp to 15 AMeVPulsed device (10-500ms pulses)
ISCOOL like RF trap
Not favourable for transfer experiments!!
+
WP3Improvement of the Phoenix ECR charge breeder performances
ISOLDE test stand Daresbury ECRIS
Given by CCLRC to GANIL (Feb. 2010)
P. Delahaye and M. Marie-Jeanne, NIMB 266 (2008) 4429PhD M. Marie-Jeanne, Université Joseph Fourier, 2009
SIMION
Optimizing injection for light masses
Example: FP6 study with a Phoenix ECRIS 14GHz, tested at CERN
ISOLDE test stand Daresbury ECRIS
Given by CCLRC to GANIL (Feb. 2010) SIMION
Optimizing injection for metallic ions
Phoenix ECRIS T. Lamy, J. Angot and T. Thuillier, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 79 0A2909 (2008) and ref. therein.
SPIRAL:Phoenix charge breeder upgrade and
installation
Remote controlled injection tubeModified HF injectionUHV design
GANILL. Maunoury C. Feierstein E. TraykovP. Delahaye
ANLR. Vondrasek
LPSCT. Lamy
Latest tests at ANL: up to 9.6% Na8+ and 17.7% for K10+
Conclusion
Conclusion• Metallic beams are a ‘hot’ topic for GANIL
– New radioactive beams from the ISOLDE VADIS at SPIRAL
– First laser ionized stable beams for SPIRAL 2• Charge breeding R&D is going on
– Phoenix on-line at SPIRAL– Collaborative R&D for EURISOL within EMILIE
MG Saint Laurent et al, EXON 2009 AIP conf proceedings
SPIRAL 2: N - induced fission 238U
“Other beams from other targets” (SPIRAL 2)6He (BeO), 140(C), 29P, 30,31S (SiC) etc
SPIRAL 1
SPIRAL 1
Fusion – evaporation(S3 and thick targets)
40MeV d on 12C converter; HD UCx target
Nb target fragmentation: in target yields from 5E5 pps (74Rb) to 2E7pps (58Cu)
Outlook
GANIL - SPIRAL 2 as a multi-user facility
Thanks a lot for your attention
E. Lienard D. Durand
O. BajeatC. Couratin LPC Caen / GANIL (PhD Thesis)M. DuboisP. DelahayeH. Franberg - DelahayeP. JardinN. LecesneL. MaunouryB. OsmondM. G. St LaurentM. SjödinJ. C. ThomasE. Traykov
GANISOLISOL beams for GANIL
T. StoraF. WenanderL. Penescu
T. Lamy R. Vondrasek
And thanks a lot to my colleagues