Post on 31-Mar-2018
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 1
Advanced Topics in Civil Engineering
ATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Progress in
Concrete
Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
2
Progress in Concrete Technology
� Approximately 35 percent of the bridges in the United States are classified as deficient (The 1993 report of the secretary of transportation to the U.S. Congress)
� structurally deficient (21 percent)
� functionally obsolete (14 percent)
� The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) estimates that the cost to maintain current overall bridge conditions is estimated at $5.2 billion annually.
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
3
Progress in Concrete Technology
� Portland Cement Types:
� Type I General Use
� Type II Moderate sulfate resistance or moderate heat
� Type III High early strength
� Type IV Low heat of hydration
� Type V Sulfate resistant
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 2
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
4
Progress in Concrete TechnologyProblem:
� Low Strength/Weight Ratio
60pcf 500
psi 30,000 :Steel = 20
pcf 150
psi 3,000 :Concrete =
� To improve the ratio:� (a) Lower the density
� (b) Increase the strength
66pcf 150
psi 10,000 :HSC = 100
pcf 100
psi 10,000 :LWAC =
High-Strength Concrete Light-Weight Aggregate Conc.
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
5
� Lightweight Concrete
� High-Strength Concrete
� High Workability or Flowing Concrete
� Shrinkage Compensating Concrete
� Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
� Concrete Containing polymers
� Heavyweight Concrete
� Mass Concrete
� Roller-Compacted Concrete
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
6
Structural Lightweight Concrete
� Definition:
� 28-day f ’c ≥ 2,500 psi
� Unit weight: Min: 90 pcf
Max: 110 pcf
� Microstructural Properties:
� Dense, strong transition Zone due to pozzolanic reaction.
� Strength more influenced by aggregate characteristics than by transition zone.
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 3
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
7
Structural Lightweight Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
8
Durability� Freeze-Thaw Resistance
� Permeability
� Creep / Drying Shrinkage
� Abrasion / Erosion Resistance
Structural Lightweight Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
9
Applications� Lower overall cost of the structure
� Bridge Decks
� Floor slabs
� Pre-cast concrete elements
Structural Lightweight Concrete
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 4
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
10
Structural Lightweight Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
11
High-Strength Concrete� Definition:
� 28-day f ’c ≥ 6,000 psi (40 MPa)
� Materials and mix proportions:
� Key: POROSITY in 3 phases
� Problem: Mixing, placing, and consolidation
� Use: Water-Reducing Admixture.
9,000 psi0.34
7,500 psi0.36
6,000 psi0.38
f ’cW/C Ratio
Water/Cement Ratio
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
12
High-Strength Concrete
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 5
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
13
High-Strength Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
14
High-Strength Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
15
High-Strength Concrete
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 6
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
16
High-Strength Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
17
High-Strength Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
18
High-Strength Concrete
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 7
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
19
High-Strength Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
20
High-Strength Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
21
High-Strength Concrete
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 8
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
22
High-Strength Concrete
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
23
Concrete Damage
Due to Earthquake
Cypress StructureOakland, California
October 17, 1989
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
24
San Francisco Earthquake - 1989
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 9
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
25
San Francisco Earthquake - 1989
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
26
San Francisco Earthquake - 1989
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
27
San Francisco Earthquake - 1989
Progress in Concrete Technology
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
Professor Kamran M. Nemati
First Semester 2006 10
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
28
San Francisco Earthquake - 1989
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
29
San Francisco Earthquake - 1989
Advanced Topics in Civil EngineeringATCE-I ATCEATCEATCE---I I I
30
San Francisco Earthquake - 1989