Post on 08-Jan-2017
Advanced PM Emission Characterization from Coal Combustion
Challenges, Solutions and New Findings
Ville NiemeläDirector, R&D, Dekati Ltd. MMEA Final Seminar 26.11.2015
Dekati Ltd.
• A private Finnish company specialized in high-end aerosol measurement instrumentation
• One of the top companies in the world in particle measurements• Located in Tampere / Kangasala, spin-off from TUT in 1995• Exports ~95% of the production• Cleantech, environment, exports, success, innovation…
Background
• ELPI+ instrument development 2008 – 2010• Dekati Ltd. main focus in MMEA program is in WP4,
Particles and Emissions: – WP 4.5.1: Instrument development– WP 4.5.2: Advanced methods to study fine particle chemistry in
combustion processes• One of our targets was to evaluate ELPI+ possibilities in
power plant (coal combustion) application• Co-operation and main partners HELEN, TUT, FMI and
VTT
© Dekati Ltd.
ELPI+ The big story begins:
ELPI+ tests at Power plants
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
First measurements: HELEN Hanasaari and Salmisaari 2011
• Oil powered Hanasaari plant: need for more accurate calibration• Coal-combustion at Salmisaari: concentration too low due to dilution
© Dekati Ltd.
F A I L
Corrective actions
• New calibrations for the ELPI+ – TUT Calibrations– TUT Publication
• New requirements for the measurement– New technologies for sampling– New approaches for the measurement
© Dekati Ltd.
ELPI+ The big story continues:
ELPI+ tests at Power plants
Results:
TUT Calibrations:
Search for solutions, research and innovations
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
New approach: High temperature detector,non-dilution measurement
ELPI+: • Measures room temperature sample• Temperature decrease requires
dilution min. 1:20
© Dekati Ltd.
High Temperature ELPI+: • Measures stack temperature sample• No need for temperature decrease,
no need for dilution
New calibrations: Effect of temperature to ELPI+ calibration
• Impactor cutpoint calculation is based on pressure measurement and known (calibrated) Stokes numbers:
• Temperature changes gas flow rate, jet velocity in the impactor nozzles, gas viscosity and mean free path
• Charger efficiency assumed to remain constant
© Dekati Ltd.
21C 100C 180Flow [lpm] 9.92 11.17 12.31
Stage 1 0.0171 0.0129 0.0107
Stage 2 0.0276 0.0244 0.0223
Stage 3 0.0563 0.0440 0.0367
Stage 4 0.0941 0.0800 0.0683
Stage 5 0.155 0.138 0.123
Stage 6 0.262 0.242 0.224
Stage 7 0.382 0.371 0.355
Stage 8 0.613 0.599 0.587
Stage 9 0.948 0.955 0.950
Stage 10 1.60 1.66 1.67
Stage 11 2.39 2.53 2.55
Stage 12 3.99 3.75 3.80
Stage 13 6.68 5.52 5.60
Stage 14 9.91 10.18 10.37
Effect of temperature to impactor flow and cutpoints
Hillamo, R. E., & Kauppinen, E. I. (1991). On the performance of the Berner low pressure impactor. Aerosol Science and Technology, 14(1), 33-47.
Results Hanasaari 03-2014:High Temperature ELPI+
© Dekati Ltd.
NEW: HT-ELPI+ ResultsIn-stack / In-situ electrical charge
measurements
© Dekati Ltd.
30 000#/cm3 0.0078 mg/m3
3093 rpm, 33 Nm, 11 kW, Ethene + Propane injection
ELPI+ The big story is complete:
ELPI+ tests at Power plants
Results:
Calibrations:
Search for solutions, research and innovations
High Temperature ELPI+
Good data, problem solved
Business
New findings and research opportunities
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Conclusions and Experiences
• In MMEA we gained know-how, we studied and developed new technologies, created new research possibilities and business
• In MMEA the work was done truly together with various partners: – TUT (calibrations, measurements, publications)– HELEN (Power plant)– FMI, VTT (Joint measurements)
© Dekati Ltd.
Acknowledgements
• CLEEN MMEA Programme• TEKES
• All research partners
© Dekati Ltd.