Post on 01-Jan-2016
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How does the brain change?
•Neurons fire more slowly•Brain size decreases•Processing takes longer•Severe brain loss due to:
▫Drug use▫Poor circulation▫Viruses▫Genes
How does physical appearance change?•Age 30-Skin becomes thinner &
less flexible•Age 60 – All faces are wrinkled•Hair turns gray & thinner•“Middle-age spread” appears•Muscles weaken•Height decreases
▫Natural collapse of vertebrae in spine
•Effects are less if you exercise
How does vision and hearing change?
•Vision▫Peripheral vision
narrows▫Color vision shifts (vivid
to faded more quickly)▫Farsightedness
increases•Hearing
▫Loss not apparent until after 60
Do you remember?
•How does the brain change?•How does your skin, hair, muscles, and
height change?•How does your vision and hearing
change?
How does the sexual-reproductive System change?•Sexual responsiveness
▫Arousal is slower▫Orgasm takes longer
•All ages enjoy sex•Men & women – most likely “extremely
satisfied” with sex if in a committed, monogamous relationship
How does fertility change?
•15% of all couples are infertile•40’s = half are infertile, half risk
complications
What causes infertility?• Males
▫Responsible for 1/3 of infertility▫Age, radiation, drugs, stress, drug abuse,
alcoholism cigarette smoking Reduces sperm number, shape, and motility
• Females▫Responsible for 1/3 of infertility▫1/3 of infertility is a mystery▫Age, diseases, smoking, esteem dieting, obesity▫Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – Can block
fallopian tubes
What are the treatments for infertility?
•Assisted reproductive technology (ART)▫Overcome low sperm count & blocked
fallopian tubes•In Vitro fertilization (IVF)
▫Eggs (ova) removed and fertilized with sperm in the laboratory
▫After fertilized cells (Zygotes) have divided several times – inserted into the woman’s uterus
What are the effects of menopause?
•Around age 50 – Menstrual periods cease•Ovulation stops•Estrogen, progesterone & testosterone
drops•Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
▫Usually estrogen & progesterone▫Minimizes menopausal symptoms▫Reduces risk of osteoporosis▫Involves health risks
Not recommended as much today
What is male menopause (Andropause)?
•Drop in testosterone▫Reduced sexual desire, erections, & muscle
mass▫Effectiveness of HRT is questionable
Do you remember?
•How does your sexual response system change?
•Men are responsible for how much of infertility?
•What causes infertility in men and women?
•What are some treatments for infertility?•What causes menopause?•What is andropause, and what causes it?
What is the effects of health habits and age?•Diseases and chronic conditions are
strongly affected by lifestyle▫Drug abuse
Abuse of illegal drugs decreases Abuse of prescription drugs increases
▫Tobacco Lung cancer = leading cause of cancer deaths
(including women) in North America Declined in U.S. Rising in developing nations Affected by social norms, laws, & advertising
Health habits & age (Cont.)• Drinking
▫ In moderation Reduces coronary heart disease and strokes Increased “good” cholesterol (HDL) Reduces “Bad” cholesterol (LDL)
▫Heavy drinking Increases violent death Implicated in 60 diseases
▫Drinking alcohol is not a health strategy• Overeating
▫Excess weight increases every chronic disease▫E.g. diabetes
Health habits & age (Cont.)
•U.S. = Highest rate of obesity and diabetes
•Metabolism decreases by 1/3•Genetics – Correlates with weight and
diabetes▫Cultural influences are more important
•Inactivity – Correlates with almost every unhealthy condition
Do you remember?
•What is the leading cause of cancer deaths (including women) in North America?
•What is the bad cholesterol in a blood test?
•What increases every chronic disease?•What is the effect of aging on
metabolism?
How can you deal with stress?
•Dealing with stress▫Problem –focused coping
Solve the problem causing the stress Used more by men
▫Emotion focused coping Change your feelings about the situation
causing the stress Used more by women
•High stress increases the risk of disease
How do we measure health?
•Mortality = Death▫Number of deaths each year per 1,000
people in a population•Morbidity = Disease
▫The rate of physical, emotional and fatal diseases in a population
How is income related to health?
•Well-educated, financially secure adults (with high socioeconomic status – SES) live longer▫Healthy habits▫Better housing▫Better medical care
Do you remember?
•What are the two strategies for dealing with stress?
•What is the difference between mortality and morbidity?
•What is the relationship between income and health?