Post on 07-Jul-2018
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The Word Formation Of English Adjectives Trhough Derivation
A. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –al1 !rutal
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[brute]N + [-al]suf#]Adj= [brutal ]/ / ̍bru .ːt ə l/
&honologicall# $ule
Meaning : cruel, vi lent and c !"letel $it% ut feelings
&'a!"le : (e %ad "resided ver a brutal regi!e in $%ic% t% usands f "e "le %ad )disa""eared).
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
' (onversational"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[c nversati n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [c nversati nal ] / 0̩ n.v1ɒ s̍e .ɪ ʃ ən. əl/
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[c nversati n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
Meaning : relating t r li0e a c nversati n
&'a!"le : a c nversati nal st le f $riting
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2
* Educational
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[educati n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [educati nal]/ / e̩d.jʊ 0̍e .ɪ ʃ ən. ə l/
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[educati n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
Meaning : "r viding educati n r relating t educati n
&'a!"le : 3educing t%e si4e f classes !a i!"r ve educati nal standards.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 56
+ ,overnmental
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"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[g vern!ent]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [g vern!ental]/ g̩ v.ʌ ə! ̍m en.t əl/
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[g vern!ent]N + [-al]suf#]AdjMeaning : bel nging r relating t g vern!ent r t%e g vern!ent
&'a!"le : 7e a$ait a g vern!ental decisi n ab ut t%e future f t%e "r gra!!e.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2
- .nstitutional
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[instituti n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [instituti nal]/ /ˌ nɪ t .st ɪ̍ tju .ː ʃ ən. əl/
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[instituti n]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
Meaning : relating t an instituti n
&'a!"le : 8%e % s"ital "r vides t "icall a$ful instituti nal f d
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6
/ (ritical
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[critic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj= [clinical]/ / 0̍r t. .0ɪ ɪ əl/
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[critic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
Meaning : sa ing t%at s !e ne r s !et%ing is bad r $r ng
&'a!"le : 8%e re" rt is highl# critical of safet standards at t%e fact r
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 9
0 (linical
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
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*[#[clinic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj=[critical]/ 0̍l n. .0ɪ ɪ əl/
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[clinic]N + [-al]suf#]AdjMeaning : describes !edical $ r0 r teac%ing t%at relates t t%e e'a!inati n and treat!ent f ill
"e "le
&'a!"le : clinical tests/training
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
2ogical
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[l gic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj ) [l gical]/ /ˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[l gic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
Meaning : a l gical c% ice/c nclusi n
&'a!"le : tudents need t%e abilit t c nstruct a l gical argu!ent.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd
editi n 6 2
3 4usical
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[!usic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj=[!usical]/ / !̍ju .ː4 .0ɪ əl/
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[!usic]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
Meaning : related t r c nnected $it% !usic
&'a!"le : !usical instruments
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6;2
15 Original
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
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*[#[ rigin]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
&honologicall# $ule
/ /ǝ : [/1)r d in/]N + [-al]suf#]Adjɪ ʒ
3-6 /i/ > / / ǝ : [1)r d 1n/]N + [-al]suf#]Adjɪ ʒ?ut"ut : [ riginal/ 1)r d 1nl/]ɪ ʒ
Meaning : e'isting since t%e beginning, r being t%e earliest f r! f s !et%ing
&'a!"le : @s t%is t%e riginal fire"lace
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 9
B. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix6a7le1 (ounta7le
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[c unt] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [c untable]/ / 0̍a n.t1.bl/ʊ
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[c unt] + [-able]suf#]Adj
Meaning : a c untable n un can be used $it% )a) r )an) and can be !ade "lural
&'a!"le : An e'a!"le f a c untable n un is )table), and an e'a!"le f an unc untable n un is)! ne ).
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 22
' Detacha7le
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[detac%] + [-able]suf#]Adj=[detac%able] /dɪˈtætʃ.ɪ.bl /
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[detac%] + [-able]suf#]Adj
Meaning : able t be detac%ed
&'a!"le : a detac%able c llar/% d
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urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6
* Eata7le
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[eat] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [eatable] /ˈ
iː
.t1.bl /
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[eat] + [-able]suf#]Adj
Meaning : describes f d t%at is g d en ug% t eat, t% ug% n t e'cellent
&'a!"le : t%e a""le in t%e refrigerat r is eatable
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
+ Enjo#a7le
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[enj ] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [enj able]/ /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.ə.bl /
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[enj ] + [-able]suf#]Adj
Meaning : An enj able event r e'"erience gives u "leasure
&'a!"le : a ver enj able ga!e/fil!
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
- Forgiva7le
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[f rgive] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [f rgivable] /fəˈgɪv.ə.bl /
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[f rgive] + [-able]suf#]Adj
Meaning : describes s !et%ing t%at u are able t f rgive because u understand it
&'a!"le : a f rgivable !ista0e
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
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/ 2i8ea7le
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[li0e] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [li0eable] / l̍a .01.bl /ɪ /
&honologicall# $ule*[#[li0e] + [-able]suf#]Adj
Meaning : describes a "ers n $% is "leasant and eas t li0e
&'a!"le : (e)s a ver li0eable s rt f bl 0e
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6
0 2oc8a7le
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[l c0] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [l c0able]/ / l̍ 0.1.bl /ɒ
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[l c0] + [-able]suf#]Adj
Meaning : t%at can be l c0ed
&'a!"le : All ur suitcases are l c0able B= can be l c0edC
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6 2
Taxa7le
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[ta'] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [ta'able] / t̍D0.s1.bl /
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[ta'] + [-able]suf#]Adj
Meaning : @f s !et%ing is ta'able, u !ust "a ta' n it
&'a!"le : ta'able income
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
3 4anagea7le
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"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[!anage] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [!anageable] / !̍Dn. .d 1.bl /ɪ ʒ
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[!anage] + [-able]suf#]Adj Meaning : eas r " ssible t deal $it%
&'a!"le : 8%e $ r0 %as been divided int s!aller, ! re !anageable secti ns.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6E
15 4ar8eta7le
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[!ar0et] + [-able]suf#]Adj ) [!ar0etable] / !̍ ɑ .ː0 .t1.bl /ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[!ar0et] + [-able]suf#]Adj
Meaning : Mar0etable "r ducts r s0ills are eas t sell because a l t f "e "le $ant t%e!
&'a!"le : 8%is is a %ig%l !ar0etable "r duct.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6E2
( The Formation of English Adjectives with the suffix –ary1 &arliamentar#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#["arlia!ent]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj= ["arlia!entar ] / ̩"ɑ .ːlɪ̍ !en.t ər.i/
&honologicall# $ule
[#["arlia!ent]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj
Meaning : f r relating t a "arlia!ent
&'a!"le : a parliamentary candidate/debate/election/session parliamentary procedures/rules
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2
' !udgetar#
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"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[budget]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj=[budgetar ] / ̍b d . .tri/ʌ ʒ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[budget]n + [-ar ]suf#]adjMeaning : budgetar c nstraints
&'a!"le : ! car is budgetar t be s ld
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
* &lanetar#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#["lanet]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj=["lanetar ] /ˈplæn.ɪ.tər.i/
&honologicall# $ule
[#["lanet]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj
Meaning : relating t "lanets
&'a!"le : "lanetar science/! ti n
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
+ $eactionar#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[reacti n]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj = [reacti nar ] /riˈD0. ʃ ən. ər.i/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[reacti n]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj
Meaning : a "ers n $% is "" sed t " litical r s cial c%ange r ne$ ideas
&'a!"le : 3eacti naries are "reventing ref r!s
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E
- Stationar#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
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[#[stati n]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj ) [stati nar ] /ˈsteɪ.ʃən. ər.i/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[stati n]n + [-ar ]suf#]adj
Meaning : n t ! ving, r n t c%anging
&'a!"le : a stati nar car/train
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
D. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ed 1 Attached
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[attac%]v + [-ed]suf#]adj ) [attac%ed] /1 t̍Dt t/ ʃ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[attac%]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
Meaning : t li0e s !e ne r s !et%ing ver !uc%
&'a!"le : 8%e c%ildren are ver attac%ed t t%eir grand"arents.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 65
' (ollected
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[c llect]v + [-ed]suf#]adj= [c llected] /01 l̍e0.t d/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[c llect]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
Meaning : br ug%t t get%er in ne b 0 r series f b 0s
&'a!"le : (is c llected " e!s $ere "ublis%ed in 26;
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;
* (ommited
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
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[#[c !!it]v + [-ed]suf#]adj=[c !!itted] /kəˈmɪt.ɪd/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[c !!it]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
Meaning : l al and $illing t give ur ti!e and energ t s !et%ing t%at u believe in
&'a!"le : a c !!itted s cialist/ %ristian/teac%er
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;
+ Elevated
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[elevate]v + [-ed]suf#]adj= [elevated] / e̍l. .ve .t d/ɪ ɪ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[elevate]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
Meaning : %ig% r i!" rtant
&'a!"le : %e % lds a ! re elevated " siti n in t%e c !"an
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 55
- Em7arrassed
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[e!barrass]v + [-ed]suf#]adj=[e!barrassed]/ / !ɪ ̍bDr.1st/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[e!barrass]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
Meaning : feeling as%a!ed r s%
&'a!"le : %e felt e!barrassed a7out undressing in fr nt f t%e d ct r.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
/ Em7ittered
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[e!bitter]v + [-ed]suf#]adj ) [e!bittered] /ɪmˈbɪt.əd/
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&honologicall# $ule
[#[e!bitter]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
Meaning : ver angr ab ut unfair t%ings t%at %ave %a""ened t u
&'a!"le : 8%e ign red all %er "leas and s%e beca!e ver e!bittered.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
0 Extended
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[e'tend]v + [-ed]suf#]adj=[e'tended] /ɪkˈsten.dɪd/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[e'tend]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
Meaning : l ng r l nger t%an usual
&'a!"le : 8%e )re g ing n an e'tended % lida t Australia
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
&rofessed
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#["r fess]v + [-ed]suf#]adj=["r fessed] /"r1 f̍est/
&honologicall# $ule
[#["r fess]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
Meaning : describes a belief $%ic% s !e ne %as !ade 0n $n
&'a!"le : %e is a "r fessed ! narc%ist.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
3 $elaxed
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[rela']v + [-ed]suf#]adj= [rela'ed] /r ɪ̍ lD0st/
&honologicall# $ule
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[#[rela']v + [-ed]suf#]adj
Meaning : feeling %a"" and c !f rtable because n t%ing is $ rr ing u
&'a!"le : %e see!ed rela'ed and in c ntr l f t%e situati n.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E
E. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ic1 Aesthetic
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[aest%ete]N + [-ic] uf#]Adj = [aest%etic]/ /es F̍et. 0/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[aest%ete]N + [-ic] uf#]Adj
Meaning : relating t t%e enj !ent r stud f beaut
&'a!"le : 8%e ne$ building %as little aest%etic value/a""eal.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
' Acro7atic
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[acr bat] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[acr batic]/ /ˌD0.r1 ̍bDt. 0/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[acr bat] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj
Meaning : inv lving r able t "erf r! difficult and attractive b d ! ve!ents
&'a!"le : an acr batic lea" int t%e air
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
* Alcoholic
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[alc % l] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj= [alc % lic]/ /ˌDl.01ˈ% l. 0/ɒ ɪ
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&honologicall# $ule
[#[alc % l] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj
Meaning : c ntaining alc % l
&'a!"le : uld @ %ave s !et%ing n n-alc % lic, li0e range juice, "lease
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
+ Antagonistic
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [antag nist] N + [ic] uf#]Adj=[ antag nistic] /ænˌtæg.əˈnɪs.tɪk/
&honologicall# $ule
[# [antag nist] N + [ic] uf#]Adj
Meaning : activel "" sing r s% $ing unfriendliness t $ards s !et%ing r s !e ne
&'a!"le : (e)s e'tre!el antag nistic towards all critics.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
- Artistic
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [artist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[artistic] /ɑː t̍ s.t 0/ɪ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[# [artist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj
Meaning : relating t art
&'a!"le : t%e artistic direct r f t%e t%eatre
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2
/ !asic
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [base] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[basic]/ / ̍be .s 0/ɪ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
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[# [base] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj
Meaning : "r viding t%e base r starting " int fr ! $%ic% s !et%ing can devel "G si!"le and n tc !"licated
&'a!"le : @ reall need t get s !e basic financial advice
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 9
0 Democratic
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [de! crat] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[de! cratic] / d̩e!.1 0̍rDt. 0/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[# [de! crat] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj
Meaning : based n t%e "rinci"les f de! crac
&'a!"le : 7e !ust acce"t t%e results f a de! cratic electi n B= an electi n in $%ic% all "e "lecan v teC
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
Fatalistic
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [fatalist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[fatalistic] / f̩e .tɪ əlˈ s.t 0/ɪ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[# [fatalist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj
Meaning : Heing fatalistic ab ut ur c%ances $ill d n g d.
&'a!"le : are u fatalistic $it% ur j b
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2
3 2inguistic
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [linguist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj=[linguistic] /lɪŋˈg ɪs.tɪk/
&honologicall# $ule
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[# [linguist] N + [-ic] uf#]Adj
Meaning : c nnected $it% language r t%e stud f language
&'a!"le : @)! "articularl interested in t%e linguistic devel "!ent f ung c%ildren.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6
F. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ing 1 A7iding
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [abide]I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[abiding] /1 ̍ba .d J/ɪ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[# [abide]I + [-ing] uf#]Adj
Meaning : describes a feeling r !e! r t%at u %ave f r a l ng ti!e
&'a!"le : M abiding memor# is f %i! $atering %is "lants in t%e garden.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
' A7sor7ing
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [abs rb] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[abs rbing] /əbˈ!ɔː.bɪŋ/
&honologicall# $ule
[# [abs rb] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj
Meaning : describes s !et%ing t%at is ver interesting and 0ee"s ur attenti n
&'a!"le : @ read %er last n vel and f und it ver abs rbing.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
* Adjoining
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"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [adj in] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[adj ining] /1 d̍ .n J/ʒɔɪ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[# [adj in] I + [-ing] uf#]AdjMeaning : near, ne't t , r t uc%ing
&'a!"le : 7e as0ed f r adj ining r !s.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
+ !affling
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [baffle] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj= [baffling] /ˈbæf.lɪŋ/
&honologicall# $ule
[# [baffle] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj
Meaning :c nfusing, feeling c nfused
&'a!"le : @ f und $%at %e $as sa ing c !"letel baffling
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 62
- !ecoming
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [bec !e] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[bec !ing] /b ɪ̍ 0 !. J/ʌ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[# [bec !e] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj
Meaning : describes s !et%ing attractive t%at suits t%e "ers n $earing r d ing it
&'a!"le : 8%at)s a ! st bec !ing dress, ! dear
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
/ (hilling
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
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[# [c%ill] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[c%illing] / t̍ l. J/ ʃɪ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[# [c%ill] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj
Meaning : frig%tening
&'a!"le : 8%e ! nu!ent stands as a c%illing re!inder f !an)s in%u!anit t !an
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E
0 Degrading
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [degrade] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[degrading] /dɪˈgreɪ.dɪŋ/
&honologicall# $ule
[# [degrade] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj
Meaning : causing "e "le t feel t%at t%e %ave n value
&'a!"le : .t is s degrading to %ave t as0 f r ! ne
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
Demanding
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [de!and] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[de!anding] /d ɪ̍ ! ɑ nː.d J/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
Meaning : needing a l t f ti!e, attenti n r energ
&'a!"le : %e)s a ver de!anding c%ild.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
3 Em7arrassing
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[# [e!barrass] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj=[e!barrassing] /ɪmˈbær.ə.sɪŋ/
&honologicall# $ule
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[# [e!barrass] I + [-ing] uf#]Adj
Meaning : !a0ing u feel e!barrassed
&'a!"le : an e!barrassing situati n
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
, The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ive
1 Affirmative
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
*[#[affir!]I + [-ive] uf#] Adj =[affir!ative 9 /1 f̍ ɜ .ː!1.t v/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
*[#[affir!]I + [-ive] uf#] Adj
Meaning : relating t a state!ent t%at s% $s agree!ent r sa s ) es)
&'a!"le : an affir!ative ans$er/res" nse
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
' (ollective
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[c llect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj=[c llective] /01 l̍e0.t v/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[c llect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj
Meaning : f r s%ared b ever !e!ber f a gr u" f "e "le
&'a!"le : a c llective decisi n/eff rt
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
* (onductive
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
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[#[c nduct]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):conductive9 /01n d̍ 0.t v/ʌ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[c nduct]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj
Meaning : describes a substance t%at all $s %eat r electricit t g t%r ug% it
&'a!"le : Alu!iniu! is a c nductive !etal
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;
+ (orrective
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[c rrect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):corrective9 /kəˈrek.tɪv/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[c rrect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj
Meaning : intended t i!"r ve a situati n
&'a!"le : c rrective !easures/acti n
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
- Defective
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[defect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):defective9 /d ɪ̍ fe0.t v/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[defect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj
Meaning : describes s !et%ing t%at %as a fault in it and d es n t $ r0 c rrectl
&'a!"le : defective brakes
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
/ Digestive
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"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[digest]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):digestive9 /d a ɪ̍d es.t v/ʒ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[digest]I + [-ive] uf#]AdjMeaning : relating t t%e digesti n f f d
&'a!"le : t%e digestive "r cess
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6
0 Dismissive
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[dis!iss]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):dismissive9 /d ɪ̍ s! s. v/ɪ ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[dis!iss]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj
Meaning : s% $ing t%at u d n t t%in0 s !et%ing is $ rt% c nsidering
&'a!"le : (e)s s dis!issive of an b d else)s suggesti ns
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 62
Effective
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[effect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):effective9 /ɪ̍ fe0.t v/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[effect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj
Meaning : successful r ac%ieving t%e results t%at u $ant
&'a!"le : @t)s an e'tre!el effective cure f r a %eadac%e
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
3 Elective
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"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[elect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ):elective9 /ɪˈlek.tɪv/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[elect]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj
Meaning : v ted f r r c% sen
&'a!"le : an elective ffice
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
15 Exhaustive
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[e'%aust]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj ) :exhaustive9 / gɪ 4̍ɔ .ːst v/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[e'%aust]I + [-ive] uf#]Adj
Meaning : c !"lete r t% r ug%
&'a!"le : an e'%austive stud /re" rt
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
H. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ish1 !a7#ish
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[bab ]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ) [bab is%] / ̍be .bi. /ɪ ɪʃ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[bab ]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj
Meaning : nl suitable f r a bab
&'a!"le : 8%e lder c%ildren f und t%e t s t bab is%.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
' ,houlish
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"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[g% ul]N + [-is%] uf#]Adj= [g% ulis%] / g̍u .ːl /ɪʃ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[g% ul]N + [-is%] uf#]AdjMeaning : ugl and un"leasant, r frig%tening
&'a!"le : g% ulis% faces
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;
* .m%ish
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[i!"]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ):im%ish9 /ˈ !." /ɪ ɪʃ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[i!"]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj
Meaning : s% $ing a c%ild)s "leasure in being "la ful and !a0ing tr uble
&'a!"le : At sevent , %e still retains %is i!"is% grin.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 66
+ ;ittenish
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[0itten]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj =[0ittenis%] / 0̍ t.ɪ ən. /ɪʃ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[0itten]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj
Meaning : describes a $ !an $% be%aves in a "la ful, sill $a , es"eciall as a $a fattracting se'ual attenti n
&'a!"le : @ li0e t%e $ !an $% is 0ittenis%
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 65
- Oafish
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
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[#[ af]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ): afis%9 / 1̍ .f /ʊ ɪʃ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[ af]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj
Meaning : li0e r t "ical f an afG B f a "ers n, es"eciall a !anC stu"id, rude r a$0$ard
&'a!"le : afis% be%avi ur
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 99
/ Owlish
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[ $l]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ) : $lis%] / a̍ .l /ʊ ɪʃ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[ $l]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj
Meaning : A "ers n $% is $lis% %as a r und face, usuall $ears glasses, and l 0s seri us andintelligent
&'a!"le : (e $as an $lis% figure, sitting in t%e c rner f t%e librar .
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6
0 &alish"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#["ale]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj ): "alis%] /ˈpeɪ.lɪʃ/
&honologicall# $ule
[#["ale]N + [-is%] uf#] Adj
Meaning : Kuite "ale
&'a!"le : 8%e s0 $as a "alis% blue.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
I. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ful 1 Artful
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
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[#[art]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ) [artful] / ɑ̍ tː.f əl/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[art]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
Meaning : clever and s0ilful, es"eciall in getting $%at u $ant
&'a!"le : (e %as s% $n %i!self t be an artful " litician
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2
' !eautiful
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[beaut ]n + [-ful]suf#]adj=[beautiful] / ̍bju .ːt .fɪ əl/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[beaut ]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
Meaning : ver attractive
&'a!"le : breat%ta0ingl beautiful scener
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
* $ightful
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[rig%t]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ):rightful9 /ˈr"ɪt.fəl/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[rig%t]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
Meaning : A rig%tful " siti n r clai! is ne $%ic% is ! rall r legall c rrect
&'a!"le : L n)t f rget t%at @ a! t%e rig%tful owner f t%is % use
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;
+ (olorful
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[c l r]n + [-ful]suf#]adj=[c l rful] / 0̍ l.1.fʌ əl/
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&honologicall# $ule
[#[c l r]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
Meaning : %aving brig%t c l urs r a l t f different c l urs
&'a!"le : a c l urful "ainting
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
-
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[#[j ]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
Meaning : ver %a""
&'a!"le : %rist!as is suc% a j ful ti!e f ear.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6 2
2awful
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[la$]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ) [la$ful] /ˈlɔː.fəl/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[la$]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
Meaning : all $ed b t%e la$
&'a!"le : udge eenan c ncluded t%at t%e surveillance %ad been la$ful.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 65E
3 Successful
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[success]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ) [successful 9 /s10 ̍ses.f əl/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[success]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
Meaning : a c%ieving t%e results $anted r % "ed f r
&'a!"le : a successful "erati n
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 55
15 Wonderful
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[$ nder]n + [-ful]suf#]adj ) [$ nderful] /ˈ %n.də.fəl/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[$ nder]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
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Meaning : e'tre!el g d
&'a!"le : (e)s a $ nderful c 0
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
J. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –less1 !ottomless
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[b tt !]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [b tt !less] / ̍b t.1!.l1s/ɒ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[b tt !]n + [-less]suf#]adj
Meaning : $it% ut a li!it r end
&'a!"le : 8%e gener sit f t%e l cal "e "le is b tt !less.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 55
' !aseless
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[base]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [baseless] /ˈ
be .sl1s/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[base]n + [-less]suf#]adj
Meaning : n t based n facts
&'a!"le : %e assured !e t%at ! fears $ere baseless.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6
* !oundless
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[b und]n + [-less]suf#]adj= [b undless] / ̍ba nd.l1s/ʊ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[b und]n + [-less]suf#]adj
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Meaning : %aving n li!it
&'a!"le : b undless "ti!is!
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
+ (areless
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[care]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [careless] / 0̍e1.l1s/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[care]n + [-less]suf#]adj
Meaning : n t ta0ing r s% $ing en ug% care and attenti n
&'a!"le : M s n)s teac%er sa s t%at %is $ r0 is ften rat%er careless.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E
- (olorful
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[c l r]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [c l rless] / 0̍ l.1.l1s/ʌ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[c l r]n + [-less]suf#]adj
Meaning : %aving n c l ur
&'a!"le : 7ater and glass are c l urless.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
/ Faithless
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[fait%]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [fait%less] / f̍e F.l1s/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[fait%]n + [-less]suf#]adj
Meaning : n t fait%ful se'uall t ur !arriage "artner r usual se'ual "artner
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&'a!"le : a fait%less %usband
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;
0 Flawless
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[fla$]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [fla$less] /ˈ&ɔː.ləs/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[fla$]n + [-less]suf#]adj
Meaning : "erfect r $it% ut !ista0es
&'a!"le : a fla$less c !"le'i n
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n ;E
,roundless
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[gr und]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [gr undless] / g̍ra nd.l1s/ʊ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[gr und]n + [-less]suf#]adj
Meaning : $it% ut cause
&'a!"le : M fears turned ut t be gr undless
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E
3
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urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 22
15 $emorseful
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[re! rse]n + [-less]suf#]adj ) [re! rseless] /rɪˈmɔː.sləs/&honologicall# $ule
[#[re! rse]n + [-less]suf#]adj
Meaning : severe and s% $ing n sadness r guilt
&'a!"le : re! rseless cruelt /vi lence
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n E;
K. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –ly1 !eastl#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[beast]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [beastl ] / ̍bi sː t .li/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[beast]n + [-l ]suf#]adj
Meaning : un0ind r un"leasant
&'a!"le : 7% are u being s beastl to !e
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
' (owardl#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[c $ard]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [c $ardl ] / 0̍a .1d.li/ʊ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[c $ard]n + [-l ]suf#]adj
Meaning : 8%is $as a "articularl brutal and c $ardl attac0.
&'a!"le : 8%e are guilt f a c $ardl failure t address t%e "r ble!
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urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
* (ostl#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[c st]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [c stl ] /ˈ
0 sɒ t .li/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[c st]n + [-l ]suf#]adj
Meaning : e'"ensive
&'a!"le : a c stl ite!
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2
+ Deadl#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[dead]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [deadl ] / d̍ed.li/
&honologicall# $ule
Meaning : li0el t cause deat%
&'a!"le : a deadl virus
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
- Dail#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[da ]n + [-l ]suf#]adj=[dail ] /ˈdeɪ.li/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[da ]n + [-l ]suf#]adj
Meaning : %a""ening n r relating t ever da
&'a!"le : 8a0e t%e tablets t$ice dail .
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
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/
8/19/2019 Adjective Morphosyntax
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3 Sisterl#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[sister]n + [-l ]suf#]adj ) [sisterl ] /ˈsɪs.təl.i/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[sister]n + [-l ]suf#]adj
Meaning : feeling r be%aving li0e a sister
&'a!"le : @ felt Kuite sisterl t $ards %i!, but @ c uldn)t !arr %i!
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
L. The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –y1 Air#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[air]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [air ] /ˈeə.ri/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[air]n + [- ]suf#]adj
Meaning : $it% a l t f lig%t and s"ace
&'a!"le : 8%e ne$ ffices are lig%t and air .
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2
' !ush#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[bus%]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [bus% ] / ̍b .i/ʊʃ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[bus%]n + [- ]suf#]adj
Meaning : describes %air r fur t%at is ver t%ic0
&'a!"le : a sKuirrel)s bus% tail
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
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* !ree>el#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[bree4e]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [bree4 ] /ˈbriː.!i/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[bree4e]n + [- ]suf#]adj
Meaning : $it% $ind t%at is Kuite str ng but "leasant
&'a!"le : @t $as a bree4 da , just rig%t f r sailing
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 52
+ (raft#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[craft]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [craft ] / 0̍r ɑ fː.ti/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[craft]n + [- ]suf#]adj
Meaning : clever, es"eciall in a dis% nest r secret $a
&'a!"le : @)ve %ad a craft idea f r getting r und t%e regulati ns
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 9
- ,uilt#
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[guilt]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) [guilt ]/ g̍ l.ti/ɪ
&honologicall# $ule
[#[guilt]n + [- ]suf#]adj
Meaning : feeling guilt
&'a!"le : @ feel s guilt a7out f rgetting %er birt%da .
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 2
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/
8/19/2019 Adjective Morphosyntax
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"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#["lu!e]n + [- ]suf#]adj ) ["lu!! ] / ̍"l !.i/ʌ
&honologicall# $ule
[#["lu!e]n + [- ]suf#]adjMeaning : describes a l $ v ice r $a f s"ea0ing using l ng v $els, f a t "e t% ug%t t be
t "ical f t%e Hritis% u""er s cial class
&'a!"le : a "lu!! v ice
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
4 The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix –en
1 !arren
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[bare]n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [barren] / ̍bDr. ən/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[bare]n + [-en]suf#]adj
Meaning : unable t "r duce "lants r fruit
&'a!"le : 7e dr ve t%r ug% a barren, r c0 landsca%e .
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 5
' !eaten
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[beat]n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [beaten] / ̍bi .ːt ən/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[beat]n + [-en]suf#]adj
Meaning : describes g ld r an t%er !etal t%at %as been !ade flat b %aving been %it re"eatedl$it% a %ard bject
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&'a!"le : %e $as $earing a nec0lace f beaten g ld.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
* !lac8en
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[blac0]n + [-en]suf#]adj= [blac0en] / ̍blD0. ən/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[blac0]n + [-en]suf#]adj
Meaning : t bec !e blac0 r t !a0e s !et%ing bec !e blac0
&'a!"le : 8%e f lds f t%e curtains $ere blac0ened with dirt.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd
editi n 2
+ !ro8en
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[br 0e]n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [br 0en] / ̍br1 .0ʊ ən/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[br 0e]n + [-en]suf#]adj
Meaning : d a!aged, n l nger able t $ r0
&'a!"le : (e attac0ed t%e !an $it% a br 0en b ttle.
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n
- 4ista8en
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[!ista0e]n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [!ista0en] /! ɪ̍ ste .0ɪ ən/
&honologicall# $ule
[#[!ista0e]n + [-en]suf#]adj
Meaning : $r ng in $%at u believe, r based n a belief t%at is $r ng
&'a!"le : @)! afraid @ $as !ista0en a7out % $ !uc% it $ uld c st.
8/19/2019 Adjective Morphosyntax
38/38
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 6;
/ Waxen
"nderl#ing $e%resentation
[#[$a']n + [-en]suf#]adj ) [$a'en] /ˈ æk.s ən/&honologicall# $ule
[#[$a']n + [-en]suf#]adj
Meaning : describes a face t%at %as "ale s%in s0in and d es n t l 0 %ealt%
&'a!"le : a $a'en c !"le'i n
urce : a!bridge Advanced learner s dicti nar rd editi n 522