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ADDRESSING IN COMPUTERNETWORKS

Pesented By ,Geethu JoseIiird Bsc (Cs)

ADDRESSING

IP ADDRESSING MAC ADDRESSING PORT ADDRESSING

IP ADDRESS

IP (Internet Protocol) address

• Device used by routers, to select best path from source to destination, across networks and internetworks

• Network layer address, consisting of NETWORK portion, and HOST portion

• Logical address, assigned in software by network administrator

• Part of a hierarchical ‘numbering scheme’ - unique, for reliable routing

• May be assigned to a host pc, or router port

TYPES OF IP ADDRESS

• Static address

• Dynamic address

STATIC ADDRESS

• manually input by network administrator

• manageable for small networks

• requires careful checks to avoid duplication

DYNAMIC ADDRESS

• assigned by server when host boots

• derived automatically from a range of addresses

• duration of ‘lease’ negotiated, then address released back to server

CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS

• Class A - large organizations , governments

• Class B - medium sized organizations

• Class C - small organizations

CLASS A IP ADDRESS

•1st octet = network address, octets 2-4 = host address

•1st bits of 1st octet set to 0

•up to (2^24 - 2) host addresses (16.8M)

124.224.224.100

01111100 11100000 11100000 01100100

CLASS B IP ADDRESS

•1st 2 octets = network address, octets 3-4 = host address

•1st 2 bits of 1st octet set to 10

•up to (2^16 - 2) host addresses (65534)

129.224.224.100

10000001 11100000 11100000 01100100

CLASS C IP ADDRESS

•1st 3 octets = network address, octet 4 = host address

•1st 3 bits of 1st octet set to 110

•up to (2^8 - 2) host addresses (254)

193.224.224.100

11000001 11100000 11100000 01100100

MAC ADDRESS

•A hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network. • In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DLC) Layer of the OSI.

Model is divided into two sub-layers 1. Logical Link Control (LLC) layer2. Media Access Control (MAC) layer

• The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network medium. Consequently, each different type of network medium requires a different MAC layer.

• The chance to see the MAC address is very difficult for any of your equipment.

• Software that helps your computer communicate with a network takes care of matching the MAC address to a logical address.

• If you'd like to see the MAC address and logical address used by the Internet Protocol (IP) for your Windows computer, you can run a small program that Microsoft provides.

• Go to the "Start" menu, click on "Run," and in the window that appears, type WINIPCFG (IPCONFIG/ALL for Windows 2000/XP).

• When the gray window appears, click on "More Info" and you'll get information.

PORT ADDRESSING

• There are many application running on the computer. Each application run with a port no.(logically) on the computer.

• This port no. for application is decided by the Karnal of the OS.

• This port no. is called port address

• A port number is part of the addressing information used to identify the senders and receivers of messages.

• Port numbers are most commonly used withtcp/ip connections.

•These port numbers allow different applications on the same computer to share network resources simultaneously.

• Port numbers are associated with network addresses.

• in TCP/IP networking, bothTCP and UDP utilize their own set of ports that work together with IP addresses.

•In both TCP and UDP, port numbers start at 0 and go up to 65535.

•Numbers in the lower ranges are dedicated to common Internet protocols (like 21 forFTP and 80 for HTTP).

When You May Need to Take Action with Port Numbers

• network administrators may need to set up port forwarding to allow the port numbers of specific applications to pass through a firewall. On home networks, broadband routerssupport port forwarding on their configuration screens.

• network programmers sometimes need to specify port numbers in their code, such as insocket programming.

• sometimes, a Web site URL will require a specific TCP port number be included. For example, http://localhost:8080/ uses TCP port 8080. Again, this is more usually seen in software development environments than on the Internet.

THANK YOU