ADABAS Little Known Features Natural Conference in Philadelphia, PA October 17-20, 2006 Dieter W....

ADABAS

Little Known Features

Natural Conference in Philadelphia, PA October 17-20, 2006

Dieter W. Storr info@storrconsulting.com

October 2006 Dieter W. Storr -- info@storrconsulting.com

Content ADAM Files Hyperdescriptors Coupling Multi-client Files

Adabas Direct Access Method How it works Performance issues

Read access Write access

ADAM – How to Create

ADACMP ADAMER

ADAULDADALOD

ADAMFILE

ADABAS

REPORT

ADAM Measurements and evaluations

ADAMPARM ADAMOFLOW DSSIZE I/Os with FINDs and value not found, key

values -1 to -99 I/Os with hit rate 100% for ADAM and not

ADAM descriptors What happened if poor distribution of ADAM

key - Pros and Cons

ADAMER Parameters

ERROR-076, Mandatory parameter MAXISN missing

ADAMER Parameters

ADAMDE=UQ DE or ISN No sub-, super-, hyper-, collation,

or phonetic descriptor No MU or PE field No variable length field No NU defined descriptor

ADAMER Parameters

BITRANGE=X,Y,ZBit Truncation for ADAM Keys X= minimum Y = maximum Z = incremental

ADAMER Parameters

DATASIZE=n1,n2,n3Data Storage Size for Estimates n1= min cylinders n2 = max cylinders n3 = increments For example:

DATASIZE=100,175,25

ADAMER LOAD

ADALOD LOAD FILE=xxx

ADALOD ADAMFILE ADAMDE=field | ISN

ADALOD ADAMOFLOW=size

ADALOD ADAMPARM=number | 0

<snip>

ADAMER LOAD16:35:10 ***** P R E D I C T 4.3.2 ***** 2006-08-22 - Modify Adabas attributes - File ID ......... TEST-BROY Added 2005-02-28 at 13:18Contained in DA . TEST by M197/9 PDBnr ........... 200 PFnr ... 168 ADAM descriptor definition Field ID ........*

Parm .............

Overflow .........

Additional attributes ..* S

ADAMER Disadvantages

ADAM key is not unique Determine DS block with ADAM routine Search DS block in buffer pool DS block is not in buffer pool DATA I/O to copy block into buffer pool DS block not found Access via normal descriptor in ASSO

ADAM key is not unique – cont’ Search ASSO block in buffer pool ASSO I/O to copy block into buffer pool Found DE with ISN? NO: record not found YES: read AC and translate ISN to RABN AC is normally in buffer pool, no I/O

ADAM key is not unique – cont’ Access to DS overflow area DS overflow area not in buffer pool DATA I/O to copy block into buffer

pool Record is ready to be displayed

Hyperdescriptors How it works Hyperdescriptor Exits What Approach Pros and Cons

Hyperdescriptor Exit – Nucleus

HyperDE Exit

ADANUC

ASSO DATA

Hyperdescriptor Exits DDCARD

<snip>ADARUN DUALPLS=13500 ADARUN FASTPATH=NO ADARUN FMXIO=16

ADARUN HEX01=HYPEX001ADARUN HEX02=HYPEX002 ADARUN INTNAS=3432 ADARUN LBP=288000000<snip>

Assembler routines located on a concatenated ADABAS load library.

Hyperdescriptor Exit – Compress

ASSO DATA

ADACMP

HyperDE Exit

ADALOD

Hyperdescriptor Exits -- ADACMP DDCARD

<snip>

ADARUN DBID=919,SVC=254

ADARUN DEVICE=9990,LP=65535

ADARUN PROGRAM=ADACMP

ADARUN HEX01=HYPEX001

ADARUN MODE=MULTI

<snip>

Exit 1 assembler routine located on a load library, which is part of the ADACMP JCL

Hyperdescriptor Exits – ADACMP DDKARTE

ADACMP COMPRESS

ADACMP FNDEF='01,AA,7,A,DE,FI' Field AA

ADACMP FNDEF='01,AB,15,A,DE,MU,NU' Field AB

ADACMP FNDEF='01,GA' Group GA

ADACMP FNDEF='02,AC,15,A,NU' Field AC

ADACMP FNDEF='02,AD,2,P,FI' Field AD

ADACMP FNDEF='02,AE,5,P,NU' Field AE

ADACMP FNDEF='02,AF,6,W' Field AF

ADACMP COLDE='7,Y1=AF' Collation descriptor Y1

ADACMP SUBDE='BB=AA(1,4)' Subdescriptor BB

ADACMP SUPDE='CC=AA(1,4),AD(1,1)' Superdescriptor CC

ADACMP HYPDE='1,DD,4,A,MU=AB,AC,AD‘ Hyperdescriptor DD

ADACMP PHONDE='EE(AA)' Phonetic descriptor EE

ADACMP SUBFN='FF=AA(1,2)' Subfield FF

ADACMP SUPFN='GG=AA(1,4),AD(1,1)' Superfield GG

Hyperdescriptor Exit – ADAINV

HyperDE Exit

ADANUC

ASSO DATA

ADAINV

Hyperdescriptor Exits -- ADAINV DDCARD

<snip>

ADARUN PROGRAM=ADAINV

ADARUN HEX01=HYPEX001

ADARUN MODE=MULTI

<snip>

Uses exit located in ADABAS nucleus

Hyperdescriptor Exits – ADAINV DDKARTE

ADAINV INVERT FILE=xxxADAINV TEMPSIZE=100,SORTSIZE=50ADAINV HYPDE='1,DD,4,A,MU=AB,AC,AD‘

DD is assigned to hyperexit 1HyperDE DD (A4) consisting of fieldsAB,AC and AD

Hyperdescriptor Exit

Hyperdescriptor ExitInput

Hyperdescriptor ExitOutput

Hyperdescriptor Exit -- Assembler Example ADABAS.ADA742.SRCE(USERHX01)ADABAS.ADA811.SRCE(USERHX01)

000021 * SAMPLE HYPER-EXIT ROUTINE TO BE USED TOGETHER WITH 000022 * FILE 2 (AUTOMOBILES) TO CREATE THE VALUES FOR THE 000023 * HYPERDESCRIPTOR HA: 000025 * HYPDE='1,HA,20,A,MU,NU=AA,AB,AC' 000027 * WHERE: 000029 * FNDEF='1,AA,20,A,NU' 000030 * FNDEF='1,AB,20,A,NU' 000031 * FNDEF='1,AC,15,A,NU' 000033 * THE FIELDS 'AA','AB' AND 'AC' CONTAINS THE 'MAKE','MODEL'000034 * AND THE 'BODY'-DESCRIPTION OF A CAR. THE VALUES OF THOSE 000035 * FIELDS MAY CONSIST OF TWO VERBS DELIMITED BY A BLANK. 000036 * E.G. AA='GENERAL MOTORS'.

Hyperdescriptor Exit – UNIX/Win

Control Block

The routines should be written in the C programming language. The user must be present as a dynamic shared library.

hy_mode = HY_REENTRANT

hy_dlng = data transfer buffer length

hy_xlng = index transfer buffer length

hy_ilng = isn transfer buffer length (0 = not used)

hy_plng = periodic transfer buffer length (0 = not used)

hy_flng = optional: own FB length (0 = not used)

hy_fptr = optional: own FB

<snip>

See ADABAS 5.1.3 Manual, User Exits and Hyperexits

Exit only called for update commands, for example STORE, UPDATE

Not used for READ / FIND / HISTOGRAM

3.3 / 6.2 / 7.1 / 7.4 zaps @ SL24

Use of Hyperdescriptors

Create "Superdescriptor" from more than 5 / 20 basic fields Example from a German company ADA51: Not clear how to handle NU fields Field is in input parameter but leave the exit

w/o filling the output parameter – why NU in hyper definition?

Customer wishes better documentation and more examples

Create "Superdescriptor" from variable numbers of basic fields Example from SAG-NA

Create "Superdescriptor" from variable numbers of basic fields and files Example from SAG-NA

• Translate from lower to upper case Example from the Swiss government

Bern Store info in upper/lower case For search in upper case only

• Translate from lower to upper case and “Umlaute” Example from a German company,

Bremen ä/Ä = AE, ü/Ü = UE, ß = SS, ö/Ö = OE Store info in upper case Can be sorted Predict: define as HY

• Create complementary values Example from SAG-NA Numeric values can be read in

descending order Since ADA6 hyperexit is no longer

necessary:READ IN DESCENDING ORDER

Create special phonetic descriptors Summarize (compute) fields Create calculation routines Include compressed superdescriptors to

build a hyperdescriptor

Create tables to check-out data Build special descriptors for record

types (entities) Suppress values Separate words Build word groups

ADA81:For extended MU/PU fields HEXV8V7

Must be linked with existing hyperdescriptor

But: module not found inADABAS Version 8.1.0 (Beta Test II)ADABAS Version 8.1.1 (+ L002)

File Coupling Type

Logical Coupled Files Physical Coupled Files Soft Coupling

Natural Code ADABAS Direct Calls Pros and Cons

File Coupling

SALESMEN

#S-NR#A-NR

#S-NAME#S-COMM

#A-NR#S-NR

#A-TURNO

(0-N) belongs to

points to (N C)

Search salesmen with a commission of > 30% in an area with a planned turnover of more than 1 million.

File Coupling (Two Views)DDM DBID 0 DDM FNR 235 SALESMENT L DB Name F Leng S D Re- - -- ------------------- - ---- - - -- 1 AA S-NR N 5.0 N D 1 AB A-NR N 5.0 N D 1 AC S-NAME A 10 N 1 AD S-COMM N 3.0 N D

DDM DBID 0 DDM FNR 236 AREA 1 AA A-NR N 5.0 N D 1 AB S-NR N 5.0 N D 1 AC A-TURNO N 8.0 N D

Coupled Files (Logical)0010 DEFINE DATA 0020 LOCAL USING LDA12345 /* two views 0030 END-DEFINE 0040 FIND SALESMEN WITH S-COMM = 30 0050 FIND AREA WITH AREA.S-NR = SALESMEN.S-NR 0060 AND A-TURNO > 1000000 0070 WRITE /* TITLE 'Logical coupled - 2 FINDs' 0080 / 'Logical Coupled - 2 FINDs' 0090 / '=========================' / 0100 / 'S-NR from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NR 0110 / 'A-NR from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.A-NR 0120 / 'S-NAME from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NAME 0130 / 'S-COMM from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-COMM 0140 / 'S-NR from AREA....:' AREA.S-NR 0150 / 'A-NR from AREA....:' AREA.A-NR 0160 / 'A-TURNO from AREA....:' AREA.A-TURNO 0170 / 'ISN from SALESMEN...:' *ISN(0040) 0180 / 'ISN from AREA.......:' *ISN(0050) 0190 END-FIND 0200 END-FIND

Coupled Files (Logical) Logical Coupled - 2 FINDs

=========================

S-NR from SALESMEN: 29

A-NR from SALESMEN: 79

S-NAME from SALESMEN: HUGO00029

S-COMM from SALESMEN: 30

S-NR from AREA....: 29

A-NR from AREA....: 79

A-TURNO from AREA....: 1000001

ISN from SALESMEN...: 15

ISN from AREA.......: 15

TEST DBLOG MENU

17:05:35 ***** NATURAL TEST UTILITIES ***** 2006-06-29User ZINDWS - DBLOG Menu - Library LBZINDWS Code Function B Begin Logging of Adabas Commands E End and Display Log Records S Snapshot of Specific Adabas Commands . Exit Code .. b Command .. _Skip ....... _ Program .... COUPLLOG DBID ..... _FNR ........ _ Line from .. 0000 Low Resp . _High Resp .. 9999_Line to .... 0000 Optional Buffers for Code B FB .. x RB .. x SB .. x VB .. x IB .. _

Coupled Files (Logical)

No Cmd DB FNR Rsp ISN ISQ 1 S1 200 235 15 1 2 S1 200 236 15 1 3 RC 200

Coupled Files (Logical)TEST DBLOG MENU:

SALESMEN File 235:Search Buffer: AD,3,U.Value Buffer: 030Format Buffer:AA,005,U,AB,005,U,AC,010,A,AD,003,U.

AREA File 236:Search Buffer: AB,5,U,D,AC,8,U,GT.Value Buffer: 0002901000000Format Buffer:AA,005,U,AB,005,U,AC,008,U.

Coupled Files (Logical)

Pros Cons

No denormalization, tables are still relational

Two FIND commands

No additional ASSO space

Physical Coupling File numbers < 255 One file can be coupled with up to

18 other files Descriptor (DE, UQ, XI) with

identical format and length in both files

Physical Coupling

ADABAS UTILITY ~ to couple two files

ADAINV COUPLE FILES=235,236ADAINV DESCRIPTOR=‘AA,AB’ADAINV TEMPSIZE=3335ADAINV SORTSIZE=5738ADAINV LWP=8268K

File 235 (SALESMEN) successfully processed File 236 (AREA ) successfully processed

Physical Coupling

ADABAS REPORT

* File 235 (SALESMEN ) *Coupled Files Descriptor AA coupled with Descriptor AB in file 236

•File 236 (AREA ) *•Coupled Files Descriptor AB coupled with• Descriptor AA in file 235

Physical Coupling0010 DEFINE DATA 0020 LOCAL USING LDA12345 /* two views 0030 END-DEFINE 0040 FIND SALESMEN WITH S-COMM = 30 0050 AND COUPLED TO AREA 0060 WITH A-TURNO > 1000000 0070 WRITE 0080 / 'Physical Coupling - 1 FIND' 0090 / 'FIND SALESMEN AND COUPLED TO AREA' 0100 / '=================================' / 0110 / 'S-NR from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NR 0120 / 'A-NR from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.A-NR 0130 / 'S-NAME from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NAME 0140 / 'S-COMM from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-COMM 0150 / 'S-NR from AREA....:' AREA.S-NR 0160 / 'A-NR from AREA....:' AREA.A-NR 0170 / 'A-TURNO from AREA....:' AREA.A-TURNO 0180 / 'ISN from SALESMEN....:' *ISN(0040) 0190 / 'ISN from AREA........:' 'n/a' 0200 END-FIND

Physical Coupling

Physical Coupling - 1 FINDFIND SALESMEN AND COUPLED TO AREA================================= S-NR from SALESMEN: 29 A-NR from SALESMEN: 79 S-NAME from SALESMEN: HUGO00029 S-COMM from SALESMEN: 30 S-NR from AREA....: 0 A-NR from AREA....: 0 A-TURNO from AREA....: 0 ISN from SALESMEN....: 15 ISN from AREA........: n/a

TEST DBLOG MENU

17:05:35 ***** NATURAL TEST UTILITIES ***** 2006-06-29User ZINDWS - DBLOG Menu - Library LBZINDWS Code Function B Begin Logging of Adabas Commands E End and Display Log Records S Snapshot of Specific Adabas Commands . Exit Code .. b Command .. _Skip ....... _ Program .... COUPLPHY DBID ..... _FNR ........ _ Line from .. 0000 Low Resp . _High Resp .. 9999_Line to .... 0000 Optional Buffers for Code B FB .. x RB .. x SB .. x VB .. x IB .. _

Physical Coupling

TEST DBLOG MENU:

No Cmd DB FNR Rsp ISN ISQ 1 S1 200 235 15 1 2 RC 200

SB:/235/AD,3,U,D,/236/AC,8,U,GT.VB:03001000000 FB: AA,005,U,AB,005,U,AC,010,A,AD,003,U.RB: 0002900079HUGO00029 030

Physical Coupling

Number of ADABAS Calls:ONE S1 (FIND)

Direct Programming:File Salesmen: 235File Area: 236

Command: S5 ????File Number: 235Search Buffer: /22/PN,D,/103/TO.

Physical Coupling

Pros Cons

Uncouple utility before maintenance

Faster access More ASSO space

One FIND only Longer update time

No DATA fields from the soft coupled file(s), in this case AREA

Coupled Files (Soft)

0010 DEFINE DATA 0020 LOCAL USING LDA12345 /* two views 0030 END-DEFINE 0040 FIND SALESMEN WITH S-COMM = 30 0050 AND COUPLED TO AREA VIA S-NR = S-NR 0060 WITH A-TURNO > 1000000 0070 WRITE 0080 / 'Soft Coupling - 1 FIND' 0090 / 'FIND SALESMEN AND COUPLED TO AREA VIA S-NR = S-NR' 0100 / '=================================================' / 0110 / 'S-NR from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NR 0120 / 'A-NR from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.A-NR 0130 / 'S-NAME from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-NAME 0140 / 'S-COMM from SALESMEN:' SALESMEN.S-COMM <snip> 0200 END-FIND

Soft Coupling - 1 FIND FIND SALESMEN AND COUPLED TO AREA VIA S-NR = S-NR ================================================= S-NR from SALESMEN: 29 A-NR from SALESMEN: 79 S-NAME from SALESMEN: HUGO00029 S-COMM from SALESMEN: 30 S-NR from AREA....: 0 A-NR from AREA....: 0 A-TURNO from AREA....: 0 ISN from SALESMEN....: 15 ISN from AREA........: n/a

TEST DBLOG MENU:

No Cmd DB FNR Rsp ISN ISQ 1 S1 200 235 15 1 2 RC 200

SB:(235,AA,236,AB)/235/AD,3,U,D,/236/AC,8,U,GT.VB:03001000000 FB:AA,005,U,AB,005,U,AC,010,A,AD,003,U.RB:0002900079HUGO00029 030

Coupled Files (Soft) Supported since

ADABAS 5.1 -- (1988)CMD: S1FNR: 135SB: (235,AA,236,AB)/235/AD,/236/AC.

NATURAL 2.2.1 – (<1998)(FIND … COUPLED TO….. VIA

Pros Cons

No DATA fields from the soft coupled file, in this case AREA

Only one ADABAS FIND command (S1) + L1s

Reduced interregion communication

Multi-client Files

Since ADABAS 5.3.2, July 1994

Functions

How to load

Pros and cons

Multi-client Files

The owner ID is assigned to a user ID.

A user ID can have only one owner ID,

but an owner ID can belong to more

than one user.

Each user can access only the subset of

records that is associated with the

user's owner ID.

Multi-client Files

OWNERID

Physical File 20

Multiple

Logical

Loading Multi-client Files

ADALOD LOAD FILE=20ADALOD LOWNERID=2,NUMREC=0

Creates file 20 as a multi-client file. The length of the internal owner ID is two bytes, but no actual owner ID (ETID) is specified. No records are actually loaded in the file (NUMREC=0).

ADALOD LOAD FILE=20ADALOD LOWNERID=2,ETID=USER1Creates file 20 as a multi-client file, load all supplied records, and assign them to user USER1. The length of the internal owner ID is two bytes.

ADALOD UPDATE FILE=20ADALOD ETID=USER2

Performs a mass update to add records to file 20, a multi-client file. Load all the new records and assign them to USER2.

Loading Multi-client Files12:25:16 ***** P R E D I C T 4.3.2 ***** 2006-08-22 - Modify Adabas attributes - File ID ......... TEST-BROY Added 2005-02-28 at 13:18Contained in DA . TEST by M197/9 PDBnr ........... 200 PFnr ... 020 Adabas Security definition Access level ........... (0-15) Update level ........... (0-15) Loading attributes Ciphered ............... N (Y,N) LOWNERID ............... 2 (0-8) Refresh from program ... N (Y,N) Automatic allocation ... Y (Y,N) PLOG ................... Y (Y,N) ISN size ..............* 0 Erase .................. N (Y,N) Index compression ...... N (Y,N)

Users Experiences

Unload production data by using ADAUNLD and SEL-CRIT= <switch> one-byte descriptor

Load into test environment with UPDATE and ETID Coupled ETID as OWNER-ID to the user who wants

to test. Reset <switch> in production Delete the records in the test-environment by

coupling the ETID to the userid

A Danish user reported in 2002 to use the feature since 8 years. (Source: SAG-L)

Users Experiences

Keep the unloaded files on request, so they

can re-load the test set with another ETID.

Be aware of file changes between the

different environments, especially if you keep

the unloaded files for a while.

Be aware of UQ descriptors if you ADALOD

UPDATE the testset.

Users Experiences

We are working with multi-client files in development and acceptance environment. It works great and smoothly.

A little more maintenance sometimes when it comes to file changes. Then, you have to unload/decompress/compress/load the first set of data. And unload/decompress/compress/update the others.

A user from Holland (NL) reported in 1999 on SAG-L:

Thank you!

Questions?

ADABAS Little Known Features Natural Conference in Philadelphia, PA October 17-20, 2006 Dieter W....

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