Post on 14-Apr-2018
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Presented by
Dr. Ashok ChandraWireless Adviser to the Govt. of India,Ministry of Communications & IT
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Radio Spectrum : A major resource
It is an important natural scarce resource
needed for all wireless applications.
Radio spectrum is always around us in theform of invisible waves.
Radio spectrum is used by countlesstechnologies that affect most aspects ofour lives.
If you pick up any newspaper, you will findan article somewhere relating to radiospectrum.
If it is not in the technology section it willalmost certainly be in the business section.
Today, radio spectrum has become a
significant contributor to national grossdomestic product (GDP). 2
RadioWaves
Radio Waves Applications
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According to a French jurist J.D. Bedin the
frequency spectrum is technology, industry,money, culture, and power
The RF spectrum is a multi-dimensional
concept.
Dimensions are:
Radio frequency
bandwidth,
time span,
geometrical volume, and
for space applications - a segment of the
satellite orbit.
There have been suggestions that other
quantities, such as polarization, are also its
dimensions.
Radio Spectrum : A major resource
There are numerous areas in which the
radio frequency spectrum is vital defence,
public safety, weather forecasts, disaster
warning, air-traffic control, and air
navigation are a few examples only.
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Radio Frequency Spectrum
4
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Why We need regulation
Radio frequency spectrum is a limited natural resource.
Radio frequency spectrum does not respect internationalgeographical boundaries as it is spread over a large terrestrial area.
Two important physical characteristics (natural principles) ofradiocommunications:
If two radio stations to effectively communicate, they must use thesame frequency; and
If two or more radio stations are operating at the same frequency,within the same geographical area, at the same time, stations aresusceptible to mutual interference which could reduce the quality ofthe communication or make it unintelligible.
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Limited portion of the radio frequency spectrum is useful for specifictelecommunication services:
Propagation characteristics of different types of radio waves.
Availability of technology and equipment for different types of radio frequencyspectrum applications.
The suitability of frequency bands for specific applications
Unlike other natural resources, radio frequency spectrum is not consumedupon its usage.
It is also liable to be wasted if it is not used optimally and efficiently.
Radio frequency spectrum usage is therefore to be shared amongst thevarious radio services and must be used efficiently, optimally andeconomically in conformity with the provisions of national and internationallaws
Why We need regulation
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The current spectrum allocation process operates at both a national andinternational level.
At international level, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), aspecialised agency of the United Nations, is responsible for spectrummanagement.
Broadly, international bodies tend to set out high level guidance whichnational bodies adhere to in setting more detailed policy.
International coordination is essential in some cases because the zones of
possible interference extend beyond national geographical boundaries andin other cases because users are inherently international, e.g. aviation.
At national level, each administration has its own regulating agency like
NTIA/FCC in USA, Ofcom in UK and WPC Wing in India.
Why We need regulation
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International Telecom Union ITU is the leading United Nations agency
for information and communicationtechnologies
Founded on 17 May 1865 as the
International Telegraph Union
It took its present name in 1934, and in
1947 became a specialized agency of the
United Nations.
191 Member States, 700 Sector Members
& Associates
750 staff / 70 nationalities
Annual budget = $140,000,000
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Member States
Sector Members
Associates
UN bodies
e.g. WMO, WHO
Regional/National
SDOs
e.g. ETSI, IEC
Regional FrequencyManagement
e.g. CEPT
Industry fora
e.g. WiMAX
191 Member States645 Sector Members
106 Associates
International Telecom Union
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ITU does:
International regulations and plans
Management of radio frequency
spectrum
Standards and recommendations
Assistance to developing countries
Key priorities
Radio spectrum
International standard
Emergency communications &
climate change
Digital divide
Cyber security
ITU works through Plenipotentiary conferences, Council, World conferences on
International Telecommunications and General Secretariat.
International Telecom Union
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ITU Overview
ITU
ITU-T
Telecommunication
standardization of
network and service
aspects
ITU-RRadiocommunication
standardization and
global radio spectrum
management
ITU-D
Assisting implementationand operation of
telecommunications in
developing countries
191 Member States
+700 Sector Members
Helping the World Communicate
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ITU Functions
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ITU-R is a standards body subcommittee of the ITU relating to radiocommunication.
Its role is to regulate the allocation of radio frequencies and to reduce theinterference between radio stations in various countries.
It also has responsibility for regulating orbital positions of satellitesrelating to radio communications.
The ITU-R plays a vital role in the management of the radio-frequencyspectrum and satellite orbits, finite natural resources which are
increasingly in demand from a large number of services and thosecommunication services that ensure safety of life on land, at sea and inthe skies.
Radiocommunication Sector(ITU-R)
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Slide 14
RadiocommunicationsBureau
Administers theRadio Regulations
(Table of Frequency
Allocations)
Radiocommunications
Assembly
(meeting of all Study Groups)
Study Groups
Guides SGtechnical work
Plans and approvestechnical work
(Recommendations)
Working Parties Task GroupsPerforms technicalwork and draftsRecommendations
(permanent)Performs technical workdrafts Recommendations
(highly urgent, short term)
Radiocommunication Sector(ITU-R)
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The tasks of Radio Communication Sector are:
To ensure rational, equitable, efficient use of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits
To register the frequency and orbital positions assignments
made by the Member States
To maintain the relevant master databases
Radiocommunication Sector(ITU-R)
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ITU-R Mission
To ensure rational, equitable,efficient and economical use of theradio-frequency spectrum by allradiocommunication services,including those using satelliteorbits, and to carry out studies andadopt recommendations onradiocommunication matters.
In implementing this mission, the actions inITU-R aim at creating the conditions forharmonized development and efficientoperation of existing and newradiocommunication systems, taking dueaccount of all parties concerned.
ITU-R functions conducted
through:
World and Regional
Radiocommunication
Conferences
Radiocommunication Study
Groups
Radio Regulations Board
Radiocommunication Bureau
Radiocommunication Sector(ITU-R)
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ITU-R Organisation
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ITU-R Function
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World Radio Conference (WRC)
Supreme body in worldwide management and regulation of the radiofrequency spectrum.
The body authorized to revise Radio Regulation.
Held normally every four years, based on the national studies and thework of Study Groups reports.
The ITU-R study Groups performs:
develop ITU-R Recommendations on the technical characteristics of andoperational procedures for radiocommunication services and systems
draft the technical bases for radiocommunication conferences
compile handbooks on spectrum management and emergingradiocommunication services and systems.
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World Radio Conference (WRC) Under the terms of the ITU Constitution, a WRC can:
revise the Radio Regulations and any associatedFrequency assignment and allotment Plans;
address any radiocommunication matter of worldwidecharacter;
instruct the Radio Regulation Board and the Radio
Communication Bureau, and review their activities;
determine Questions for study by the RA and its StudyGroups in preparation for future RadiocommunicationConferences
Th WRC C l
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CPM: Conference Preparatory Meeting
Rec: ITU-R Recommendation
RoP: Rules of ProcedureRR: Radio Regulations (treaty status)
WRC
SC and Study Groups:SG-1: Spectrum management
SG-3: Radiowave propagation
SG-4: Satellite services
SG-5: Terrestrial services
SG-6: Broadcasting service
SG-7: Science services
CPM-2
RRB: Radio Regulations Board
SGs: Radiocommunication Study Groups
SC: Special Committee (Regulat. & Procedural)
RA: Radiocommunication AssemblyWRC:World Radiocommunication Conference
Rec
RoP
Radiocommunication Bureau
Director RRB
Final
Acts
ITU Member States (including
Regional Groups, Informal Group)Revisions to RR,
Resolutions &
Recommendations
Technical
bases
NextWRC
Agenda
ITU
Council
CPM-1
RA
The WRC Cycle
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Radiocommunication Assembly Radiocommunication Assemblies (RA) are responsible for the structure,
programme and approval of radiocommunication studies.
Normally convened every three or four years.
The Radiocommunication Assembly 2012 was held from 16-20 January2012, immediately preceding WRC-12.
The Assemblies:
assign conference preparatory work and other questions to the Study Groups;
respond to other requests from ITU conferences;
suggest suitable topics for the agenda of future WRCs;
approve and issue ITU-R Recommendations and ITU-R Questions developed bythe Study Groups;
set the programme for Study Groups, and disband or establish Study Groupsaccording to need;
Appoint chairmen and vice-chairmen of the Study Groups;
Approve ITU-R Recommendations developed by the Study Groups.
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ITU-Radio Regulations (RR)
The Radio Regulations (treaty
status) incorporates the decisionsof the World Radiocommunication
Conferences, including all
Appendices, Resolutions,
Recommendations andITU-R Recommendations
incorporated by reference.
Recognised as an International
Treaty
Set a framework for the National
Regulatory Authorities to license
radio users
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Frequency block allocations to definedradio services (Article 5)
Definition of services (e.g. Fixed, Mobile-satellite)
Mandatory or voluntary regulatoryprocedures (coordination, planmodification, notification, recording) thatare adapted to the allocation structure
Technical constraints (Power limits etc.)
International registration /co-ordinationprocedures
ITU-Radio Regulations (RR)
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Specialists from telecommunication organizations and
administrations around the world participate in the work of the
Radiocommunication Sectors study groups.
ITU-R study groups:
develop ITU-R Recommendations on the technical characteristics of and
operational procedures for radiocommunication services and systems
draft the technical bases for radiocommunication conferences
compile handbooks on spectrum management and emerging
radiocommunication services and systems.
Study Groups
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Study Group 1 (SG 1) Spectrum
management
Study Group 3 (SG 3) Radio wavepropagation
Study Group 4 (SG 4) Satellite services
Study Group 5 (SG 5) TerrestrialServices
Study Group 6 (SG 6) Broadcastingservice
Study Group 7 (SG 7) Science services
Works:
>900 Recommendations
Standards in areas of
spectrum management andradio technology
Result of consensus from
meetings of world-wide
experts
Some referred to in RR
Used by spectrum planners
and system designers
During the meeting of RA held in October 2007, the Structure of ITU-R Study Groups
have been restructured as under:
Study Groups
Study Group Working Party
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Study Group Working Party
Study Group 1 (SG 1)
Spectrum management
Working Party 1A (WP 1A) Spectrum engineering techniques
Working Party 1B (WP 1B) Spectrum management methodologies and economic strategies
Working Party 1C (WP 1C) Spectrum monitoring
Study Group 3 (SG 3)
Radio Wave propagation
Working Party 3J (WP 3J) Propagation fundamentals
Working Party 3K (WP 3K) Point-to-area propagation
Working Party 3L (WP 3L) Ionospheric propagation and radio noiseWorking Party 3M (WP 3M) Point-to-point and Earth-space propagation
Study Group 4 (SG 4)
Satellite services
Working Party 4A (WP 4A) - Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for FSS and BSS
Working Party 4B (WP 4B) - Systems, air interfaces, performance and availability objectives for FSS, BSS and
MSS, including IP-based applications and satellite news gathering
Working Party 4C (WP 4C) - Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for MSS and RDSS
Study Group 5 (SG 5)
Terrestrial Services
Working Party 5A (WP 5A) - Land mobile service above 30 MHz*(excluding IMT); wireless access in the
fixed service; amateur and amateur-satellite servicesWorking Party 5B (WP 5B) - Maritime mobile service including Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
(GMDSS); aeronautical mobile service and radiodetermination service
Working Party 5C (WP 5C) - Fixed wireless systems; HF and other systems below 30 MHz in the fixed and
land mobile services
Working Party 5D (WP 5D) - IMT Systems
Joint Task Group 5-6 - Studies on the use of the band 790-862 MHz by mobile applications and by other
services
Study Group 6 (SG 6)Broadcasting service
Working Party 6A (WP 6A) - Terrestrial broadcasting deliveryWorking Party 6B (WP 6B) - Broadcast service assembly and access
Working Party 6C (WP 6C) - Programme production and quality assessment
Joint Task Group 5-6 - Studies on the use of the band 790-862 MHz by mobile applications and by other
services
Study Group 7 (SG 7)
Science services
Working Party 7A (WP 7A) Time signals and frequency standard emissions
Working Party 7B (WP 7B) Space Radiocommunication Applications
Working Party 7C (WP 7C) Remote Sensing Systems
Working Party 7D (WP 7D) Radio astronomy
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Wireless Planning & Coordination Wing
WPC Wing, created in 1952, functions as the national radio
regulatory nodal agency of the Government of India
The only National Authority for RF Spectrum Management.
Responsible for planning, regulating, and managing the limited
resources of Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum
Acts through the Indian Telegraph Act 1885 (ITA 1885) and theIndian Wireless Telegraphy Act 1933 (IWTA 1933).
National agency for all matters related to ITU-R sector and Asia-
Pacific Telecommunity (APT). 28
Wi l ss Pl i & C di ti Wi
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Assignment of frequencies for all wireless networks in the
country Government, Public and Private networks.
Interference and compatibility analysis for all new requirementswith existing and planned frequency usage.
Site clearance of all wireless installations in the country andrelated matters concerning the Standing Advisory Committee onRadio Frequency Allocations (SACFA)
Formulation of National Frequency Allocation Plans (NFAP),Frequency Channelling Plans, Standardisation of radio-communication equipment for spectrum management
Wireless Planning & Coordination Wing
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N ti n l Fr qu nc All c ti n Pl n
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The National Frequency Allocation Plan (NFAP) of India was evolved andmade effective from 01.01.2000.
NFAP is the basis for development, manufacturing and spectrumutilization activities in the country.
NFAP is reviewed periodically in line with the Radio Regulations of theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU) in order to cater to newly
emerging technologies taking into account spectrum requirements of thegovernment/ private sector as well as to ensure equitable and optimumutilization of the scarce limited natural resource of radio frequencyspectrum.
The provisions of NFAP protect the existing assignments under their
existing status, unless and until it is decided to modify or relocate theseassignments.
All necessary technical, operational, regulatory and administrativemeasures are taken so as to avoid harmful interference.
National Frequency Allocation Plan
National Frequency Allocation Plan
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The NFAP forms the basis for development and manufacturing of wireless equipment
and spectrum utilisation in the country
NFAP-2011 is released on 30 September 2011 made effective from 1 October 2011
some of the salient features of NFAP-2011 are:
in line with the decisions of World Radiocommunication Conference 2007 (WRC-07) of the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) contained in Radio Regulations (Edition 2008)
It has been developed to cater to newly emerging technologies such as Ultra Wide Band
(UWB), Intelligent Transport System (ITS), Short Range Devices, etc
Efforts have been made to ensure equitable and optimum utilization of the scarce limited
natural resource of radio frequency spectrum.
It has enabled provisions in few frequency bands for indigenous development and
Manufacturing.
While developing the NFAP-2011 due care has been taken to ensure protection of existing
services.
National Frequency Allocation Plan
National Frequency Allocation Plan
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Section of NFAP
International Frequency Allocation Table
National Frequency Allocation Table
Footnotes to International Frequency Allocation Table
Remarks in the National Frequency Allocation Table
Channeling Plan
National Frequency Allocation Plan
National Frequency Allocation Plan
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National Frequency Allocation Plan
MHz
3300 3600
NATIONAL ALLOCATION
INDIA REMARKS
3300 - 3400
RADIOLOCATION
FIXED
MOBILE
Amateur
5.149
IND 65
3400 - 3500
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile
Amateur
Radiolocation 5.433
5.282
IND 66
3500 - 3600
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.433A
Radiolocation 5.433
IND 66
National Frequency Allocation Plan
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MHz3300 3600
NATIONAL ALLOCATION
INDIA REMARKS
3300 - 3400
RADIOLOCATION
FIXED
MOBILEAmateur
5.149
IND 65
3400 - 3500
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile
Amateur
Radiolocation 5.433
5.282
IND 66
3500 - 3600
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile
5.433A
Radiolocation 5.433
IND 66
Sub-frequency band
Frequency band for
national allocation
Primary Services
Secondary Services
International
Footnotes
National Footnotes
National Frequency Allocation Plan
Todays Radio Spectrum Management
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Recent changes since the early 1990s
Technical advances have enabled the emergence of new
systems using radio networks (GSM, FWA, DVB-T, WiFi,
WiMax...)
These new systems are more complex and require more
resources (sites, frequencies, etc.) then previous services
Market deregulation has increased the number of playersand has made necessary the establishment of strong and
independent regulation authorities
Today s Radio Spectrum Management
Todays Radio Spectrum Management
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Consequently, new constraints have appeared : Limitations on resources such as Frequencies and sites, the use of
which must be optimized
The crowding of the spectrum is leading the Regulation Authorities
to share the bands between a larger number of services
There are several other challenges like interference Management,
international coordination, maintaining Technology Neutrality and
harmonisation etc., and to provide safeguard to the wireless based
public services and to draw the economic efficiency from thespectrum.
Today s Radio Spectrum Management
Todays Radio Spectrum Management
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The current approach to spectrum management is not capable todeal such challenges.
How the spectrum will be managed in future is not very much clearat the moment but to overcome these challenges, a new flexiblespectrum management is essentially required.
The flexible spectrum management means that spectrum can beaccessed on dynamic basis and to be free from technology specificrestrictions imposed by the traditional spectrum allocation.
In simple way, Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) allowing the newuser (unlicensed) to access spectrum which has already beenallocated to another user (licensed).
Cognitive Radio technology is one solution of DSA.
Today s Radio Spectrum Management
Cognitive Radio
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Cognitive Radio
The term Cognitive Radio, was first introduced byJoseph Mitola in an article published in 1999
A radio system employing technology that allowsthe system to obtain knowledge of its operationaland geographical environment, established policiesand its internal state; to dynamically and
autonomously adjust its operational parameters andprotocols according to its obtained knowledge inorder to achieve predefined objectives; and to learnfrom the results obtained.
Cognitive Radio
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Key Features:
Maintains awareness of its operational and geographical environmentand its internal state
adjusts its operating parameters to meet requirements and goals
Learns from previous experiences to further improve its performance
Reasons on observations to adjust adaptation goals
Take future decision based on anticipated events
Collaborates with other devices to make decisions through collectiveobservations and knowledge
Cognitive Radio
Cognitive Radio
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Obtaining knowledge of theoperational radio and geographicalenvironment to detect the spectrumwhite space and also to exit as soonas possible when primary user
resume its communication.
Decision and adjustment i.e.selecting best suited frequencybands and adjust its operating
parameter dynamically according toobtained knowledge.
Learn from the past actions tofurther improve its performance.
Cognitive Radio
Cognitive Radio
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Cognitive radio requirements
co-exists with legacy wireless systems
uses their spectrum resources
does not interfere with them
Cognitive radio properties
RF technology that "listens" to huge swaths of spectrum
Knowledge of primary users spectrum usage as a function of
location and time Rules of sharing the available resources (time, frequency, space)
Embedded intelligence to determine optimal transmission(bandwidth, latency, QoS) based on primary users behavior
Cognitive Radio
A li ti S i
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Application Scenarios
Licensed network
Secondary markets
Third party access inlicensed networks
Unlicensed network
Cellular, PCS band
Improved spectrum
efficiency
Improved capacity
Public safety band
Voluntary agreementsbetween licensees and
third party
Limited QoS
TV bands (400-800 MHz)
Non-voluntary third
party access
Licensee sets a
protection threshold
Automatic frequency
coordination
Interoperability
Co-existence
ISM, UNII, Ad-hoc
SCC41 Working Group
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SCC41 Working Group
IEEE 1900.1: Standard Definitions and Concepts for Spectrum
Management and Advanced Radio System TechnologiesIEEE 1900.2: Recommended Practice for Interference and
Coexistence Analysis
IEEE 1900.3: Standard for Assessing the Spectrum Access Behavior of
Radio Systems Employing Dynamic Spectrum Access Methods
IEEE 1900.4: Standard for Architectural building blocks enabling
network-device distributed decision making for optimized radioresource usage in heterogeneous wireless access Networks
IEEE 1900.4a: Standard for Architectural Building Blocks Enabling
Network-Device Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio
Resource Usage in Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks
IEEE 1900.4.1: Standard for Interfaces and Protocols Enabling
Distributed Decision Making for Optimized Radio ResourceUsage in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
IEEE 1900.5: Standard on Policy Language and Policy Architectures
IEEE 1900.6: Standard on interfaces and data structures for
exchanging spectrum sensing information
C R d T R
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Cognitive Radio System in ITU-R
WP1B CPM text on WRC-12 agenda item 1.19
Draft WRC Resolution [A119-B2] for WRC-12 agendaitem 1.19
WP5AWorking document towards a draft new Report ITU-R
M.[LMS.CRS1]
Working document towards a draft new Report ITU-R
M.[LMS.CRS2]
WP5DPreliminary draft new Report ITU-R M.[IMT.CRS]
Hi t f CR i ITU R
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History of CR in ITU-R
Mar, 2006: Canada proposed Question for cognitive radio in ITU-RWP8A Characteristics, performance, application -> WP8A
Concept, frequency management, regulation -> WP1B
Sep, 2006: Question for cognitive radio (Q.241/5) was approved
WP8A technically studies CR, and WP1B studies regulatory issues.
Jun, 2007: Start drafting Report on CR@WP8A
Nov, 2007: Agenda item 1.19 (SDR and CR) @WRC-07
Nov, 2007: CPM (Conference Preparatory Meeting)
Responsible group: ITU-R WP1B
Jun, 2008: Start study in WP1B
Work on draft CPM text (definition, regulatory issues)
Jun, 2010: Finalize draft CPM text in WP1B
Jun, 2011: Finalize ITU-R Resolution in WP1B
Jan, 2012: RA-12
Jan-Feb, 2012: WRC-12
ITU R WRC 12 on CRS
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ITU-R WRC-12 on CRS
ITU R WRC 12 on CRS
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WRC 12 : Agenda Item No. 1.19
to consider regulatory measures and their relevance, in order to enable the introduction ofsoftware-defined radio and cognitive radio system, based on the result of ITU-R studies, inaccordance with Resolution 956(WRC-07).
RESOLUTION 956 (WRC-07):
Regulatory measures and their relevance to enable the introduction of software-
defined radio and cognitive radio systems
resolves to invite ITU-R
to study whether there is a need for regulatory measures related to theapplication of cognitive radio system technologies;
to study whether there is a need for regulatory measures related to theapplication of software-defined radio,
resolves further
that WRC-11 consider the results of these studies and take the appropriate actions.
ITU-R WRC-12 on CRS
Study structure for agenda item 1 19 (WRC 12)
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Study structure for agenda item 1.19 (WRC-12)
CPM Report
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CPM Report
Definition of Cognitive Radio System(as published in Report ITU-R SM.2152):
Cognitive radio system (CRS) is a radio system employingtechnology that allows the system to obtain knowledge ofits operational and geographical environment, establishedpolicies and its internal state; to dynamically andautonomously adjust its operational parameters and
protocols according to its obtained knowledge in order toachieve predefined objectives; and to learn from theresults obtained.
CPM Report
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In the case of LMS, CRS technologies may yield significantbenefits by providing increased spectral efficiency ofexisting spectrum and mitigate the problem of congestion
Common Concern within ITU-R
Potection of existing services from potential interference fromthe services implementing CRS technology, especially from thedynamic spectrum access capability of CRS.
Any system of a specific service using CRS in a frequency bandallocated to that service should be operated in accordancewith the provisions of the Radio Regulations andadministration rules.
CPM Report
CPM Report
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Deployment Scenarios:
Use of CRS technology to guide reconfiguration ofconnections between terminals and multiple radio systems
Use of CRS technology by an operator ofradiocommunication systems to improve the management ofits assigned spectrum resources
Use of CRS technology as an enabler of cooperative spectrum
access
Use of CRS technology as an enabler of opportunisticspectrum access
CPM Report
CPM Report
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CRS challenges and opportunities
Some concerns with respect to the use of the CRS technology todynamically access the spectrum for the band exclusively allocated toPassive services
Satellite operators in the EESS using passive sensors
Interference avoidance to FSS and BSS (detection of receive-onlyterminals and use of database)
Any use of CRS technologies for safety-of-life operations
The hidden node problem by fading and shadowing effects
A CRS station to obtain the proper authorization from the relevant Administrationprior to the use of the spectrum.
CPM Report
CPM Report
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CRS capabilities and their applicability to facilitate coexistence in shared
bands
spectrum sensing capability including collaborative and cooperativesensing;
positioning capability of the transmitters and receivers (geo- location);
access to information on the spectrum usage, local regulatoryrequirements and policies, e.g. through access to a database or access to alogical or physical cognitive pilot channel;
capabilities to adjust operational parameters based on the obtainedknowledge.
These capabilities of CRS may help improve coexistence amongstradiocommunication systems deployed under the current regulatoryregime
CPM Report
CPM Report
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Analysis of Result of Studies:
The implementation of CRS will have to be in accordance with the RadioRegulations and with national regulations.
Whether CRS technology is used as an enabler of cooperative spectrumaccess amongst system operators or of opportunistic spectrum access,
administrations issue the authorization for a station to use a radiofrequency.
Further studies required on CRS technology, addressing especiallydynamic and/or opportunistic spectrum access.
Regulatory implications for CRS:
No need for modification to the Radio Regulations
No change to the Radio Regulations and an ITU-R Resolution providingguidance for further studies on CRS
It is proposed to develop a Resolution calling for studies on CRS withspecial emphasis on sharing issues.
CPM Report
CRS in ITU R WP5A
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CRS in ITU-R WP5A
Report submitted in two parts;
ITU-R M.[LMS.CRS1]: Cognitive radio systems in the land
mobile service (Part 1) :
General description of cognitive radio systems , Technical features andcapabilities, Potential benefits, Technical Challenges and Deployment
scenarios
ITU-R M.[LMS.CRS2]: Cognitive radio systems in the land
mobile service (Part 2) :
Applications, Cognitive Radio systems operational techniques, Coexistence,
Technical consideration regarding the impact on spectrum use and Annexure
CRS in ITU R WP5D
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CRS in ITU-R WP5D
Report ITU-R M.[IMT.CRS]
Cognitive radio systems specific for IMT systems
describes mainly:
Scenarios of cognitive radio systems specific for IMT
systems, Determination of the IMT spectrum usage,
Description and impacts of cognitive radio systems
specific for IMT systems and Performance of IMTsystems with CRS capability
Scenarios of cognitive radio systems specific for
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Scenarios of cognitive radio systems specific forIMT systems
Upgrade of an existing radio interface or a network with a new radio interface
Scenario of cognitive radio systems in intra-operator
IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced
carrier 1 carrier 2 carrier 3 carrier 1 carrier 2 carrier 3
IMT-2000
Node BIMT-Advanced
Node B
IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced
carrier 1 carrier 2 carrier 4 carrier 1 carrier 2 carrier 3
Time 1
Time 2
IMT-Advanced
Scenarios of cognitive radio systems specific for
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In-band coverage/capacity improvement by relays
Self-configuration and self-optimization of femtocells
Multi-modes coexistence and simultaneous transmission
Scenarios of cognitive radio systems specific forIMT systems
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WRC -12 Decision w.r.to CRS
RESOLUTION 956 (WRC-07)
Regulatory measures and their relevance to enable the
introduction of software-defined radio and cognitive
radio systems
Decision:
SUPPRESSED (No further Study) considering that no need formodification to the Radio Regulations
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RECOMMENDATION COM6/1 (WRC-12): Deployment and use of
cognitive radio systems
Recognizinga) that any radio system implementing CRS technology needs to operate in
accordance with the provisions of the Radio Regulations;
b) that the use of CRS does not exempt administrations from theirobligations with regard to the protection of stations of otheradministrations operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations;
c) that CRSs are expected to provide flexibility and improved efficiency tooverall spectrum use,
recommends that administrations participate actively in the ITU-R studies conducted
under Resolution ITU-R 58, taking into account recognizing a) and b).
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