Transcript of Absolutism. The Hapsburg Empire 1519, Charles V ruled two empires – Spain and Hapsburg Years of...
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- Absolutism
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- The Hapsburg Empire 1519, Charles V ruled two empires Spain and
Hapsburg Years of war religious and against the Ottomans Stressful
Monastery in 1556 Hapsburg to Ferdinand (brother), other to son
Philip (29)
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- Philip II and Divine Right Rule for 42 years Focused on
government Absolute Monarchy ruler with complete authority over
government Divine Right Authority to rule came directly from God
Spent lots of time defending Catholicism
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- The Wars The Netherlands Protestant Rebels Fought against
oppression and high taxes Broke off to make Dutch Netherlands
England Queen Elizabeth encouraged Sea Dogs to rob Spanish ships
Sent Spanish Armada (fleet) to fight Lost but remained world
power
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- Spains Golden Age Painter El Greco Means The Greek Studied
Renaissance Art Pictures of royalty in bright colors Religious
pictures for king
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- Economic Decline Lack of strong leaders after Philip brought
country down Expensive wars around the world Lost power, France
took its place
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- France Under Louis XIV Absolute Monarchy Huguenot French
Protestants
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- Rebuilding France Henry IV Huguenot Prince became Catholic to
rule Edict of Nantes (1598) Religious Tolerance Built up royal
bureaucracy
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- Richelieu Cardinal who was 9 year old Louis XIIIs advisor
Outlawed Huguenots, destroyed nobility Picked successor to keep
building royal power
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- Louis XIV, the Sun King I am the State Became king at 5 Sun
became symbol of absolute power Sun King Deeply involved in
government Intendents Royal officials who collected taxes
Intendents became loyal middle class Strong French army to enforce
policies
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- Colbert and the Economy Finance minister Jean Baptiste Colbert
Set up policies to get money for France King spent much of it on
his court or wars
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- http://en.chateauversailles.fr/the-palace-
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- Court Ceremonies Days spent with small, elaborate ceremonies
Honor to buckle shoes or hold wash basin Levee Rising Having nobles
at court means they were not fighting each other or him
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- Cultural Flowering Sponsored many artists Introduction of
ballet at Louis court Funded art schools
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- Wars of Louis XIV For 72 years, fought almost constantly
Balance of Power distribution of military and economic power to
prevent one country from total rule Countries tried to keep France
in check Tried to unite France and Spain but France wouldnt allow
it
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- Persecution of the Huguenots 1685 Revoked the Edict of Nantes
Huguenots were work force, persecution hurt economy 100,000 fled
France
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- The Tudors and Parliament 1485 to 1603 Tudor Dynasty Recognized
value of relationship with Parliament Parliament got used to being
asked for important decisions
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- Early Stuarts: Royal Challenge Ruling family from Scotland King
James I clashed with Parliament Dissenters Protestants who differed
with the Church of England New Group Puritans wanted to purify the
church
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- Parliament Responds 1625 Charles I takes the throne Wanted to
raise taxes but Parliament required Petition of Rights Signed then
dissolved Parliament, ignored for 11 years Needed them, they
revolted
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- The Long Parliament Revolted against the King Tried and
executed ministers King Charles lead army to attack, they raised
own army
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- English Civil War Civil War from 1642 to 1649 Cavaliers
Wealthy, noble supporters of Charles I Roundheads Lead by skilled
general Oliver Cromwell Took the King in 1647
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- Execution of a King Set up court for King Tried for tyrant,
traitor, murderer, and public enemy Beheaded on his own signal
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- Challenges of Commonwealth Set up new republic Commonwealth
Supporters of Charles II (uncrowned King), attacked Levellers all
men and women should have rights in parliament Cromwell took title
as Lord Protector
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- Puritan Society Imposed a rule of Saints Law required Sunday to
be religious Every person should be able to read the Bible
Religious tolerance to all but Catholics End to Commonwealth
Cromwell died in 1658, Puritans lost grip on England Charles II
came back from exile to rule
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- New clash with Parliament King James II took throne in 1685
Flaunted his Catholic Religion Parliament invited Mary and William
to rule Bloodless coup called Glorious Revolution
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- English Bill of Rights Had to pass English Bill of Rights first
Superiority of Parliament over monarch Habeas Corpus Cant be held
in prison without being charged Limited Monarchy Legislative body
limits monarchs power Radical idea at the time
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- The Thirty Years War Electors Seven leading German princes of
Empire Religious and Political War Protestant North vs. Catholic
South Revolt against King Ferdinand Kings changed alliances to suit
interests Fighting all over continent
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- Brutal Conflict Mercenaries wandered Europe and killed Murder,
torture, famine, disease Depopulation reduction of population
Wolves roamed the streets 1/3 German population died
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- Peace 1648 Peace of Westphalia France won war, Hapsburg lost
everything Small countries got recognition (Switzerland) Germany
broke up in to 360 small states
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- Hapsburg Unity and Diversity Hapsburgs kept title of Holy Roman
Emperor Wanted to add land Grew but never centralized
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- Maria Theresa Daughter of Charles VI Charles had princes swear
to recognize her rule Brilliant ruler Son, Joseph II inherited
crown
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- Rise of Prussia Fredrick II Son of Fredrick William strong
leader Taught art of war, but preferred arts Tried to run away,
friend who helped was beheaded
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- Military Success Harsh training created harsh ruler Became
known as Fredrick the Great
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- Keeping the Balance of Power Austria, Prussia, France, England,
Russia Many alliances changed often Many other wars around the
world
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- Peter the Great Became King at 10 Fascinated by the West Pushed
Russia to a world power
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- Journey to the West Went to Europe to learn everything Pushed
Russians to become Westernized Westernization adoption of Western
ideas
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- Autocrat and Reformer Brought all Russian institutions under
his control even church Boyars landowning nobles Serfdom spread,
tying peasants to land Imported Western technology and education
Forced nobles to dress like Westerners and shave Killed any who
disobeyed
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- Expansion Under Peter Search for Warm-Water Port Most ports
were on Arctic Ocean Wanted place where water would be free of ice
Tried to force through Ottoman Empire - lost War with Sweden 1700
Fought with Sweden, lost early 1709 Defeated Swedes and won land on
Baltic
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- Expansion Under Peter Peters City New land built St. Petersburg
Window on the West Swamp land turned in to large modern city Toward
the Pacific Signed treaties with China for north lands Vitus Bering
found Bering Straight
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- Legacy of Peter the Great Expanded territory, gains ports, huge
army Ended isolation Used terror to rule
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- Catherine the Great Efficient Ruler No heir from Peter,
Romanovs fought for power Got power by mentally unstable husband
being killed Smart, efficient, reorganized government Encouraged
Western ideas
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- Catherine the Great A Ruthless Absolute Monarch Cruel and
repressive to peasants Many peasants forced in to serfdom Expanded
land to get warm water port Partition of Poland Poland wasnt
centralized Three rulers decided not to fight partitioned Partition
Divide up Divided 3 times, disappeared completely until 1919
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- Looking Ahead 4 of 5 world powers were absolute monarchs
England had parliament Radical changes would cause revolutions