Post on 08-Mar-2018
2CMC480042© ABB AB, Cewe-Control2010-05-20 | Slide 1
Energy MeteringABB LVP, Alan Roadway, 2011-5-15
Agenda
Why use metering
Meter Types
Drivers: Standards and Legislation
Metering Applications
References
Communication Options
EQ meters
Identify energy thieves for increased energy efficiency
Track the energy cost in the energy flow and allocate the cost in that chain
Avoid disturbances in the energy distribution by monitoring the electrical parameters.
Why use metering?Sub-metering business case
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Measurement Elements
1-element metering Single phase meters
2-element metering Three phase meters
3-element metering Three phase meters
1 x 230V
3 x 400V
3 x 400/230V
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Meter types
Sub-metering meters
Utility revenue billing meters
Utility interchange meters
Measures power flow between utility interconnection points
Measures energy consumption at the point of sale
Cost allocation
Energy efficiency
Optimizing installation
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Meter Types Solid-state meters
Electro-mechanical meters
Various mountings Rack mounted meters
Specialty meters
Meter board mounted meters
Standard Utility meters
Advanced Utility meters (Smart Meters)
Front panel mounted meters
Low-cost meters
Multimeters and analyzers
DIN rail mounted meters Mainly for sub-metering
“Behind glass” meters
Utility meters US style
“Boxed” meters
Other non-standard types of meters
Meter TypesParameters
Accuracy Class
A (Cl 2) Accuracy 2%
B (Cl 1) Accuracy 1%
Direct Connected – Generally Cl 2
CTx Connected – Cl 1 or Cl 2
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IEC Standards
IEC IEC 62052-11 General requirements, tests and test conditions –
Part 11: Metering equipment
IEC 62052-21 General requirements, tests and test conditions – Part 21: Tariff and load control equipment
IEC 62053-21 Particular requirements – Part 21: Static meters for active energy (classes 1 and 2)
IEC 62053-23 Particular requirements – Part 23: Static meters for reactive energy (classes 2 and 3)
IEC 62054-21 Tariff and load control – Part 21: Particular requirements for time switches
IEC 62053-31 Particular requirements – Part 31: Pulse output devices for electromechanical and electronic meters (two wires only)
MID EN 50470-1 General requirements, tests and test conditions
Part 1: - Metering equipment (class indexes A, B and C)
EN 50470-3 Particular requirements Part 3: - Static meters for active energy (class indexes A, B and C)
MID – Measuring Instruments Directive
Background For around 15 years work has been going on within the
EU to have a common European standard for meter measurement. The purpose of which is to reduce trade barriers within Europe. During April 2003 the council working group finalized a proposal for a Measuring Instruments Directive.
OBJECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION PROPOSAL“The proposal aims to harmonize national legislation concerning instruments for legal measurement (e.g. water, gas and electricity meters, petrol pumps, taximeters, exhaust gas meters.).The legislation is of the New Approach type. It specifies essential requirements and leaves technical specifications to manufacturers and standards. It also allows the manufacturer a choice of conformity assessment procedures.”
MID – Measuring Instruments Directive
There are several options for product certification in the MID Standard:
Type approval and initial verification to be verified by a Notified Body. The Notified Body issue a certificate for the product.
Individually test each product to ensure that they are in accordance with the type approval
Own accredited calibration laboratory
Each meter is labeled with the code SE1818, showing that it is calibrated and approved by this laboratory
Regular audits are performed to make sure that processes and tools performs as required
Test reports are stored on server. Available on request.
© ABB Group
MID – Measuring Instruments DirectiveConformity Assessment
Product group Conformity assessment
Design Production
Electricity meter
Water meter
Gas meter
Heat meter
Taximeter
Exhaust gas analysers
Type Approval examination by
NB (B)
“Own Verification , Quality of production process
“EN 29002” (D)
Verification by NB (F)
Total quality control + design examination by NB (H1)
For electricity meters there are three options for type approval and verification:B+D or B+F or H1
NB = Notified Body, ABB uses NMI
The ABB approach
MID – Measuring Instruments Directive
In 2006 the European Parliament issued the MID approvals which meant that each member country has had to implement this directive into its legislation.
M 05 0122
CE-marking Year of approval Notified Body No.
Market Driver:L2 Building Regulations
Main Points:
L2 imposes stricter demands on the performance of lighting, space heating and hot water systems
L2 requires the building owner occupiers to be able to account for 90% of each energy source they use
Incoming meters must be installed in every building greater than 500 sq. metres with sub-meters in each seperately tenanted area above this size threshold
Energy used by plant items above certain power ratings must be individually metered
SIZE OF PLANT FOR WHICH METERING WOULD BE REASONABLE
Boiler installations or CHP plant-------------50KW
Chiller installations -----------------------------20KW
Electric humidifiers------------------------------10KW
MCCs supplying fans / pumps---------------10KW
Final electrical DBs -----------------------------50KW
Market Driver:Carbon Reduction Commitment
The Scheme:
The CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme (CRC) is a new regulatory incentive to improve energy efficiency in large public and private sector organisations. It is a mandatory scheme that aims to improve energy efficiency and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted in the UK.
The Aim:
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 by at least 80% (baseline 1990).
Market Driver: Carbon Reduction Commitment
How:
Participating organisations will have to monitor their emissions and purchase allowances for each tonne of carbon dioxide they emit.
Monitor:
By a League Table showing the comparative performance of allparticipants.
How may companies are effected:
5,000 approx organisations to participate fully
20,000 approx organisations to participate in some way
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Drivers shaping the demand for sub-metering
Apartment houses, industrial and commercial building often have one utility billing meter but many individuals or companies paying the bills
Type approved and verified meters are an advantage
Better knowledge on where and how the electricity is used enables better energy management
Climate concerns, rising energy cost and to some degree energy efficiency legislation are driving the demand for sub-meters
Better knowledge on consumption pattern allows optimal design of electric installation expansion
Important to integrate with Facility management systems
Fair allocation of energy cost
Reduction of electricity
consumption
Optimize electrification
upgrades
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Meters are used in three main areas...
Generation Transmission substation
Primary distribution substation
Secondary distribution substation
Factory Comm. building Households
M MM
MM
Sub-metering meters
Meters in the electricity supply chain
Utility revenue billing meters
M
M
MUtility interchange metersM
M
M
Measures power flow between utility interconnection points
Done through CT, VT
Requires high accuracy meters
Measures energy consumption at the point of sale
Basically same technology and similar products as interchange meters
Used for cost sharing and energy efficiency within industries and commercial buildings
Meter types
MM MM
Main application areas
Applications in Commercial Buildings
Applications in Industries
Object Metering
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Sub-metering
© ABB Group
May 17, 2012 | Slide 26
Sub-metering in commercial buildings
Utility revenue billing meters
Sub-metering meters
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Commercial Buildings
Purpose is to share cost between different users in the building and to improve energy efficiency
Customers are often Real Estate developers or Facility Management companies
As a special case, customer can be a chain of shops that want to improve energy efficiency by benchmarking similar shops in different locations
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Sub-metering in industry
Utility revenue billing meters
Sub-metering meters
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Industry
Purpose is to distribute cost between different departments and to improve energy efficiency.
Customers are often Industries or System integrators
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Object Metering
Main purpose is to monitor individual objects to improve their energy efficiency
Can also in some cases be to allocate cost to specific product or service
Customers are often industries, Facility Management companies, data centers, etc
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Typical Applications
Commercial buildings Shopping centers Airports/Train stations Business Hotels Exhibition halls Computer centers …
Industries Process industry Manufacturing industry Distribution centers …
Object metering HVAC PV Elevators/escalators Gensets E-mobility Caravans/Marinas Machines/Production cells
Joint residential sourcing Condominiums Housing associations …
Billing When traditional meters cannot be
fitted Together with other ABB equipment
Applications Cost allocation Energy efficiency Energy declarations Consumption monitoring
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Meter Data Collecting Systems
Common in Utilities
AMR (Automatic Meter Reading)
AMI (Advanced Meter Integration)
AMM (Advanced Meter Management)
Common in commercial and industrial applications
BMS (Building Management System)
FMS (Facility Management System)
EMS (Energy Management System)
Common standard communication protocols
M-Bus, DLMS, LonWorks, Modbus, Profibus, KNX, “1107”, Zigbee
Common communication media
M-Bus (TP), RS-485, Ethernet, RS-232, GPRS, CSD, Powerline (PLC)
Pulsed Output
Pulsed output:
The pulse frequency can either be fixed or software settable on the meter.
The pulses can be fed into a collector and subsequently used in a variety of systems depending upon the conversion implemented.
Pulse output
2CMC480042© ABB AB, Cewe-Control2010-05-20 | Slide 36
Reference - Airport
“Suvarnabhumi International Airport”
International airport in Bangkok, Thailand, Terminal 1
2000 meters with built-in M-bus interface Cost distribution
Energy efficiency
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Reference - Manufacturing Industry
Scania Södertälje
Heavy truck production plant in Södertälje, Sweden
225 meters
Covering both MV and LV installation.
Also used for internal sales of energy within the plant
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Reference – Computer Center
Enaco is building a server hall where clients can place their web servers (computers) to secure them from fire and drop in voltage supply (UPS). Energy consumption for each server is measured and cost is distributed to the owner of each server.
Location: Sweden
Delivery: 119 pcs single phase meters
2CMC480042© ABB AB, Cewe-Control2010-05-20 | Slide 39
Reference - Photovoltaic in residential building
The energy produced by solar panels in private homes is measured. For every produced kWh the owner of the solar panel receives a “Green certificate”. These certificates are then sold as extra income.
Location: Belgium
Revenue- meter
Load
meters
Solar panel
Revenue- meter
Load
meters
Solar panel
ABBMeter
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EQ meters from ABB
Single phase Three phase
C11 A41, A42 A43, A44
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EQ meters - key features
Type approved and verified (MID, IEC)
High accuracy
Class B (Cl. 1) is standard
Class C (Cl. 0.5) available for CTVT connected meters
High meter performance
Wide voltage range (from 57/100 up to 400/690 V)
Wide temperature range -40 °C - +70 °C
High measurement dynamics, low min current – high max current
Large pixel-oriented display
Several values can displayed simultaneously
Extensive functionality
Instrument values
Alarms
Built-in communication
EQ meters
Active energy
Class 1
Pulse output/alarm
Import/export of energy
Class 0.5
Tariffs
Fixed I/O
Resettable register
Reactive energy
Adv. clock functionsincl. load profiles
Harmonics (THD)
Configurable I/O
Basic clock functionsincl. tariff controlprevious valuesmax demand event log
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