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Madhyapradesh General Knowledge 2019
Name - Ramkesh RawatMob - 7470638993
Website - RAMKESHeducation.comGmail - RAWATRAMKESH475@gmail.com
Email - RAMKESHeducation@.org.in
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� �����က� �� ���က �㜠Ú � ���Ú �1. ��� ��က� �Ú ���က �Ȳ䁡Ú ��Ú� �′� �Ú ȡ� � ��^� �ȡÚ㜠� ��䁡���)2. ��က� �� ���က ¡Ȳ�� ��� �′� �� ȡ� � ����Ú ��� 13123. ��� ��က� �Ú ���က ��䁡က ��Ú� �′� �Ú ȡ� � ����Ú ��� �Ú��4. ��က� �Ú ���က ¡Ȳ�Ú �ㄠ¡ �′� �Ú ȡ� � �Ú ��� �ㄠ¡�. ��� ��က� �Ú ���က ^�� ��Ú� �′� �Ú ȡ� � ^Ȳ��Ú�′�ÚȲ. ��� ��က� �Ú ���က ���Ú �Ú��Ú^� � 㘲�㘲䁡 �2Ȳ�. ��က� �Ú ���က 㘲ȲǑÚ ��Ú� �′��Ú ȡ� � ���ㄠ���. �����က� �Ú �Ú��� Ú� Ú¡Ú ��Ú� �′� �Ú ȡ� � �䁡���. ��� ��က� �Ú ���က �� Ú� Ú¡Ú ��Ú� �′� �Ú ȡ� � ��ȲǑ1. �����က� �Ú ���က �㜠Ú �Ú��� �䁯Ú� �′� �Ú ȡ� � �Ú㌳ȡÚ ���¡�11. �����က� �Ú ���က ���Ú �Ú��� �䁯Ú� ğÚ��¡ �′� �Ú ȡ� � �ȲǑ¡Ú12. ��က� �� ���က �㜠� ����� �′� �� ȡ� � �Ú���¡������ ���Ú¡13. ���က �㜠Ú �က¡က �Ȳ��� �′� �Ú ȡ� � ��Ú��� �က¡က �Ȳ���14. �����က� �㜠Ú ���¡Ú �ȲǑÚ� �′� �Ú ¢က� ȡ� � �ㄠȡÚ^�ㄠ�1�. ��� ��က� �Ú ���က ��Ú�Ú �ㄠ���� ��¡Ú �′� �Ú ȡ� � ����ㄠ�1Ȳ. ¢က�ğ¡ �� ��㐠 �က ��� ��က� �Ú ���က �㜠Ú ��¡Ú �′� �Ú ȡ� � ��Ȳ�Ú㜠Ú1�. �က�ğ¡ �� ��㐠 �က ��� ��က� �Ú ���က ���Ú ��¡Ú �′� �Ú ȡ� � ����Ú1�. �က�ğ¡ �� ��㐠 �က ��� ��က� �Ú ���က �㜠Ú �Ȳ�Ú^ �′��Ú ȡ� � ��¡�ㄠ�1. �က�ğ¡ �� ��㐠 �က ��� ��က� �Ú ���က ���Ú �Ȳ�Ú^ �′��Ú ȡ� � ȡ��Ȳ^Ú�Ú�2. �����က� �� ���က ��Ú�Ú �′� �က � 㐠¢ �Ú㘲 �Ú�က ȡ� � �Ú^′�21. �����က� �Ú ���က ��Ú�Ú ��Ȳ䁡Ú㠲 Ú¡Ú ��¡Ú �′� �Ú ȡ� � �Ú�¡��22. �����က� �Ú ���က �� ��Ȳ䁡Ú㠲 Ú¡Ú ��¡Ú �′� �Ú ȡ� � �ǑȲǑ���23. �����က� �� ���က �㜠� ���Ú�� �′� �� ȡ� � ��¡
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iquxZBu vk;ksx 1953 &%jkTk iquxZBu vk;ksx dk xBu 29 fnlEcj dks fd;k x;k A jkT; iquxZBu vk;ksx dssv/;{k Qty vyh FksA jkT; iquxZBu esa Hkk”kkbZ vk/kkj ij jkT;ksa dk xBu fd;k x;kAvk;ksx dh vuq’kalk ds vk/kkj ij 1 uoEcj 1956 dks rRdkyhu e/;izns’k ds 17 fgUnhHkk”kh ftyksa rFkk jktLFkku ds dksVk ftys dh fljksat rglhy dks feykdj uohue/;izns’k dk xBu fd;k x;kA vkSj eUnlkSj ds lqusy VIik dks jktLFkku esa feykfn;k x;k A1 uoEcj 1956 dks xBu ds le; e/;izns’k dk dqy {ks=Qy 443446 oxZ fd-eh- Fkk~ RkFkk blesa 43 ftys ‘kkfey FksaA o”kZ 2000 esa foHkktu ls igys e/;izns’k esa 12lEHkkx ,oa 61 ftys ‘kkfey FksA
jkT; iquxZBu fo/ks;d 2000 & %e/;izns’k fo/ks;d 2000 ds }kjk ~ 1 uoEoj 2000 dks iwohZ e/;izns’k ds 16 ftyksa dksfeykdj NRrhlx< jkT; dk xBu fd;k x;kA NRrhlx< jkT; ds xBu ds Ik’pkr~e/;izns’k esa 9 lEHkkx ,oa 45 ftys ‘ks”k jg x, FksA
e/;izns’k esa d`f”k &%e/;izns’k ,d d`f”k iz/kku jkT; gSA jkT; dh yxHkx 72-4� tula[;k xkaoksa esa fuokldjrh gSA
ftldh vthfodk dk eq[; L=ksr d`f”k gSA jkt; ds yxHkx 49� Hkkx ij d`f”k dhtkrh gSaAjkT; dh izeq[k Qly lks;kohu gSA tks jkT; esa lokZf/kd cksbZ tkrh gSA
e/;izns’k esa ou lalk/ku &%jkT; esa m”.kdfVcU/kh; ou ik, tkrs gSaA budk dqy {ks=Qy 94689 oxZ fd-eh- gSAjkT; dh dqy Hkwfe esa ouksa dk fgLlk 31 izfr”kr gSA rFkk ns”k esa dqy ou {ks= ij jkT;dk fgLlk 12-27 izfr’kr gSaA jkT; esa lokZf/kd ou {ks=Qy okyk ftyk ckyk?kkV gSAvkSj jkT; esa lcls de ou {ks=Qy okyk ftyk ‘kktkiqj gSA jkT; esa ouksa esa lokZf/kdlkxkSu ds cz{k ik, ik, tkrs gSaA
izkstsDV Vkbxj esa ‘kkfey jkT; ds izeq[k jk”Vzzh; m|ku ,oa muds ftys &%dkUgk fdlyh jk”Vzzh; m|ku & e.Myk ~ ckWa/kox< jk”Vzzh; m|ku & mefj;k ~ isapjk”Vzzh; m|ku & flouh ~ lat; jk”Vzzh; m|ku & lh/kh ~ lriqMk jk”Vzzh; m|ku& gks’kaxkckn ~ iUuk jk”Vzzh; m|ku & iUuk vkSj jkrkikuh jk”Vzzh; m|ku & jk;lsu
Page 13
%& e/;izns’k dk bfrgkl &%
Ikk”kk.k ,oa rkEkz dky & ueZnk dh lqjE; ?kkVh esa bZlk ls 2000 o’kZ iwoZ ;g lH;rkQyh & Qwyh FkhA ;g eksgutksnMks vkSj gMIik ds ledkyhu Fkh A egs’oj ~uonkVksyh ~ ,j.k vkfn blds dsUnz gSaA bu {ks=ksa dh [kqnkbZ ls izkIr iqjko’ks”kksa ls bllH;rk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh feyrh gSA
egkdkO; dky &%
jkek;.k dky esa izkphu e/;izns”k ds vUrxZr n.Mdkj.; ds ?kus ou {ks= FksA ;nqoa”kh jktk e/kqbl {ks= ds “kkld Fks ~ tks jktk n”kjFk ds ledkyhu FksA tuJqfr;ksa ds vuqlkj ~ jke us vius
ouokl ds dqN {k.k n.Mdkj.; ( vc NRrhlx< ) esa fcrk, Aegktuin dky &%
NBh “krkCnh bZlk iwoZ ds yxHkx egktuinksa dh la[;k 16 FkhA ftlesa vofUr rFkk psfn tuine/;izns”k ds bfrgkl ls lecfU/kr FksA bl jkT; dk vofUr egktuin vR;Ur fo”kky FkkA
e/;izns”k esa izeq[k oa”k ,oa muds ;ksxnku &%
ekS;Z oa”k & e/;izns”k esa ekS;Z lRrk ds O;kid lk{; feys gSaA ,sfrgkfld lk{;ksa ds vuqlkj~ v”kksd us ckS| /keZ ds izpkj gsrq lkWaaph ds Lrwi dk fuekZ.k djok;k FkkA
“kqax oa”k & “kqax oa”k dh LFkkiuk 186 bZ-iw- ds vklikl vfUre ekS;Z “kkld c`gnzFk ds lsukifriq’;fe= “kqax us mldh djds dh FkhA iq’;fe= “kqax dk iq= vfXufe= fofn”kk dk “kkld FkkA
xqIr oa”k & xqIr oa”k ds izrkih jktk leqnzxqIr ds dkj.k izns”k ds bfrgkl esa ,d eksM vk;kAmlus “kdksa dks if”peh e/; Hkkjr esa gjk;k A vkSj xqIrksa us mn;fxjh dh fo”o izfl| xqQk vkSjflxok ds efUnjksa dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
gksYdj oa”k & 1730 bZ- esa ekyok esa gksYdj oa”k dh LFkkiuk gqbZ FkhA bl oa”k dk laLFkkideYgkj jko gksYdj FkkA ftlus 1732 dks bUnkSj dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;k Aikuhir dh rhljh yMkbZ esa “kghn gksus ds ckn jkuh vfgY;kckbZ gksYdj us “kklu dh ckxMksj“kEHkkyh FkhA vfUre gksYdj “kkld rqdksth r`rh; esa jkT; dk Hkkjr la?k esa foy; dj fn;k FkkA
pUnsy oa”k & pUnsy oa”k us egksok esa “kklu fd;k A bl oa”k dk LkaLFkkid uUuqd FkkA [ktqjkgksads izfl| efUnj blh oa”k dh nsu gSA
flafU/k;k oa”k & Xokfy;j ds flfU/k;k oa”k dk laLFkkid jkuksath jko flaf/k;k FkkAflfU/k;k oa”k dh vkjfEHkd jkt/kkuh mTtSu FkhA nkSyrjko flfU/k;k us Xokfy;j dksviuh jkt/kkuh cuk;kA flfU/k;k oa”k ds jktk thokth jko us o’kZ1948 esa jkT; dkHkkjr la?k esa foy; fd;k rFkk os la;qDr la?k ds jktizeq[k cuk, x,A bl oa”k dsXokfy;j nqxZ dks fdyksa dk jRu ;k Hkkjr dk ftczkYVj dgk tkrk gSA
Page 14
%& 1857 dh dzkfUr esa e/;izns”k dk ;ksxnku &%
e/;izns”k esa loZizFke uhep dh Nkouh esa fonzksg mBkA tc lSfudks us 3 twu 1857 dks vaxszthcaxyksa esa vkx yxk nh A duZy lh-ch- lksclZ us jktiwr lSfudks dh lgk;rk ls uhep Nkouhds fonzksg dks nck fn;kA>kWalh dh jkuh y{ehckbZ 28 twu 1858 dks dkyh esa g~;ksjkst dh lsuk ds lkFk ;q| djrs gq, “kghngks xbZArkR;k Vksis dks flfU/k;k ds lkeUr ekuflag us /kks[ks ls idMok fn;k A vkSj rkR;k Vksis dks f”koiqjhesa QkWlh nsnh xbZA1857 ds fonzksg esa Xokfy;j ds flfU/k;k vkSj Hkksiky dh osxe us vaxstksa dk lkFk fn;kA
%& e/;izns”k ds izeq[k vkUnksyu &%
vlg;ksx vkUnksyu & o’kZ 1916 esa e/;izns”k ds flouh ftys esa LorU=rk vkUnksyu dh“kq:vkr gqbZ Fkh A mlh o’kZ izHkkdj Mq.Mhjkt us e/;izns”k esa vlg;ksx vkUnksyu dk usr`Rofd;kA>.Mk lR;kxzg & o’kZ 1922 esa toyiqj ls vkjEHk gq, >.Mk lR;kxzg dk funsZ”ku loZJhnsonkl xkW/kh ~ jkexksikykpk;Z rFkk MkW- jktsUnz izlkn us fd;kA jk’Vzzh; /ot Qgjkus ijlqUnjyky dks 6 ekg ds dkjkokl dh ltk lqukbZ xbZ FkhA o’kZ 1923 esa toyiqj esa >.Mk lR;kxzgdh uho iMhAUked lR;kxzg & toyiqj esa lsB xksfoaUnnkl vkSj ia0 }kfjdk izlkn feJ usa 6 vizSy 1930dks ued lR;kxzg fd;kATakxy lR;kxzg & o’kZ 1930 esa cSrwy ds vkfnokfl;ksa us taxy lR;kxzg fd;k A o’kZ 1931esa Nrjiqj {ks= esa pj.kiknqdk xzke esa LorU=rk lsukfu;ksa dh “kkfUriw.kZ cSBd ij iqfyl usvU/kk/kqU/k xksfy;kWa pyokbZ A bls e/;izns”k dk tfy;kokyk okx gR;kdk.M dgk tkrk gSA xksyhpyokus dk vkns”k duZy fQlj us fn;k FkkA
%& e/;izns”k dk Hkwxksy &%HkkSxksfyd ifjp; & e/;iznsa”k iw.kZr% Hkw&vkosf’Vr jkT; gSAjkT; dh lhek u rks fdlhleqUnz dks Nwrh gS vkSj u gh vUrjkZ’Vzzh; lhek dksA e/;izns”k lokZf/kd izkphure~ xks.Mokuk yS.Mdk Hkkx gSA
fLFkfr & izns”k dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr 21 fMxzh 6 feuV mRrjh v{kka”k ls 26 fMxzh 30 feuVmRrjh v{kka”k rd RkFkk 74 fMxzh 9 feuV iwohZ ns”kkUrj ls 82 fMxzh 48 feuV iwohZ ns”kkUrj dse/; esa gSA
* e/;izns”k dk dqy HkkSxksfyd {ks=Qy 308252 oxZ fd-eh- gSA tks ns”k ds dqy HkkSxkSfyd {ks=Qy
dk 9-38% gSA
* {ks=Qy dh n`f’V ls izns”k dk ns”k esa jktLFkku ds ckn f}rh; LFkku gSA
* jkT; dk iwoZ ls if”pe esa foLrkj 870 fd-eh- vkSj mRrj ls nf{k.k esa foLrkj 605 fd-eh- gSA
lhek,Wa & e/;izns”k dh nf{k.kh lhek rkIrh unh ,oa mRrjh lhek pEcy unh cukrh gSA izns”kdh jktuhfrd lhek ns”k ds 5 jkT;ksa & mRrjizns”k ~ NRrhlx< ~ xqtjkRk ~ jktLFkku ,oa egkjk’Vzzls feyrh gSA izns”k dh vf/kdre~ lhek mRrj izns”k ls ,oa U;wure~ lhek xqtjkr ls feyrh gSA
Page 15
* ddZ js[kk izns”k dks nks cjkcj Hkkxks esa ckWVrh gqbZ ueZnk unh ds lekUrj xqtjrh gSA
ioZr & e/;izns”k dk vf/kdrj Hkkx iBkjh gSA ijUrq izns”k esa fofHkUu ioZr Hkh ik, tkrs gSaA
%& vjkoyh ioZr &%Ik`Foh dh lcls iqjkuh ioZr Ja[kyk ekuh tkus okyh vjkoyh ~ izns”k esa ekyok ds iBkj ds mRrjh& if”peh {ks= esa QSyh gqbZ gSA;g fnYyh ls ysdj vgenkckn rd 800 fd-eh- esa QSyh gSAvjkoyh ioZr dh lcls mwWph pksVh vkcw f”k[kj gS ~ ftldh mwWapkbZ 1158 eh- gSA
%& foU/;kpy ioZr &%e/;izns”k esa foU/;kpy ioZr dk foLrkj ueZnk unh ls mRrj esa iwoZ ls if”pe dh vksj gSAbl ioZr dh vkS’kr mWwpkbZ 457 ls 610 eh- rd gS ~ ijUrq bl ioZr dh lcls mWwph pksVhvejd.Vd 1057 eh- mWwph gSAfoa/;kpy ioZr dk fuekZ.k DokVZ~t ,oa okyw & iRFkjksa ls gqvk gSAfoU/;kpy ioZr ls ueZnk ~ lksu ,oa csrok ufn;ksa dk mn~xe gksrk gSA
%& lriqMk ioZr &%e/;izns”k esa lriqMk ioZr dk foLrkj ueZnk unh ds nf{k.k esa foU/;kpy ds lekUrj 1120 fd-eh-yEckbZ esa gSA
izns”k esa bldh lcls mWwph pksVh /kwix< gS ~ ftldh mWwpkbZ 13� eh- gSA/kwix< izns”k dh lcls mWwph pksVh gSA
%& egknso Js.kh &%* e/;izns”k dk ,dek= fgy LVs”ku ipe
Page 16
vU; L=ksr 1�Ȳ�* izns”k esa dq,Wa ,oa uydwiksa ls lokZf/kd flapkbZ dh tkrh gSA
%& e/;izns”k esa izeq[k ufn;kWa ,oa ckW/k &%
ckWa/k -------------------- ufn;kWa
xkW/kh lkxj pEcy unhjk.kk izrki lkxj pEcy unhtokgj lkxj pEcy unhdksVk cSjkt ;kstuk pEcy unhjkuh voUrh ckbZ lkxj ueZnk unhrok ckWa/k rok unhbfUnjk lkxj ueZnk unhljnkj ljksoj ifj;kstuk ueZnk unhjkt?kkV ckWa/k csrok unhck.k lkxj lksu unh
%& e/;izns”k esa izeq[k d`f’k m|ksx dsUnz &%
1- e/;izns”k dk Ms;jh QkeZ & ckcbZ ( gks”kaxkckn )2- izns”k dk iks’k.k vkgkj la;U= & /kkj3- dhVuk”kd la;U= & chuk4- thok.kq [kk| la;U= & Hkksiky5- vkW;y ,oa i”kq vkgkj la;U= & eqjSuk6- LVzzkcksMZ fey & “kktkiqj7- flD;ksfjVh isij fey & gks”kaxkckn8- us”kuy U;wt fizaV ,oa isij fey & usikuxj9- djsalh fizafVax izsl & nsokl10- Hkkjr gSoh bysDVzzhdYl ;k Hksy & Hkksiky11-,YdsykW;M QSDVzzh & uhep12-jsyos dksp QSDVzzh & Hkksiky13- xouZesUV vkWfMZusUl QSDVzzh & toyiqj14- Xku dSfjt QSDVzzh & toyiqj15- gSoh Oghdy QSDVzzh & toyiqj
16- fgUnqLrku dkWij izkstsDV & eykt[k.M ( ckyk?kkV )17- ,YdksgkWy ,.M dkcZuMkbZ&vkWDlkbM Iyk.V & jryke
Page 17
18- e/;izns”k bysDVzzhdYl fyfeVsM & Hkksiky
* vkS|kSfxd n`f’V ls e/;izns”k ds fodflr ftys & Hkksiky ~Xokfy;j ~ bUnkSj ~ mTtSu ~ toyiqjgSaA
%& e/;izns”k ds izFke m|ksx &%
izFke lwrh fey & cqjgkuiqj & LFkkiuk 1906 esa
izFke lhesUV Iyk.V & ckuekSj �eqjSuk) & LFkkiuk 1922&23 esaizFke phuh fey & tkojk �jryke) & LFkkiuk 1934 esa
izFke dkxt fey & usikuxj �cqjgkuiqj) & LFkkiuk 1956 esa
%& e/;izns”k esa ifjogu &%
jkT; esa lMdks dh dqy yEckbzZ & 58873 fd-eh-jkT; esa dqy jk’Vzzh; jktekxksZ dh la[;k & 20
jkT; dk lcls yEck jk’Vzzh; jktekxZ & NH3 � �1� k.m. )jkT; dk lcls NksVk jk’Vzzh; jktekxZ & NH�Ȳ � 43 k.m. )jkT; esa dqy jktekxZ & 48jkT; esa jsyekxksZa dh dqy yEckbZ & 5992 fd-eh-
jkT; esa dqy gokbZ vM~Ms & 5 ( Hkksiky ~ bUnkSj ~ Xokfy;j ~ toyiqj ~ [ktqjkgksa )jkT; esa jsyos fLizax cukus dk dkj[kkuk & Xokfy;jjkT; esa jsyos Lyhij cukus dk dkj[kkuk & ou[ksMh esaif”pe e/; jsyos dk tksu eq[;ky; & toyiqje/;izns”k dk lcls cMk jk’Vzzh; jktekxZ tkrk gS & vkxjk ls eqEcbZ
%& e/;izns”k tux.kuk 2011 &%
1- e/;izns”k dh dqy tula[;k & 72 ~626 ~809
2- ns”k dh dqy tula[;k esa e/;izns”k dk fgLlk izfr”kr esa & 6%3- tula[;k dh n`f’V ls e/;izns”k dk ns”k esa LFkku & NBokW4- e/;izns”k dk lokZf/kd tula[;k okyk ftyk & baUnkSj5- lcls de tula[;k okyk ftyk & gjnk6- e/;izns”k esa dqy f”k”kq tula[;k & 10 ~809 ~395
7- izns”k dh dqy tula[;k esa f”k”kq tula[;k dk izfr”kr & 14-5 %8- lokZf/kd f”k”kq tula[;k okyk lEHkkx & bUnkSj9- lcls de f”k”kq tula[;k okyk lEHkkx & toyiqj10- lokZf/kd f”k”kq tula[;k okyk ftyk & >kcqvk11- lcls de tula[;k okyk ftyk & toyiqj
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12- izns”k dh tula[;k c`f| nj & 20-30 izfr”kr13- izns”k dk dqy tula[;k ?kuRo & 236 O;fDr izfr oxZ fdeh14- tula[;k ?kuRo dh n`f’V ls izns”k dk ns”k esa LFkku & 17 okWa15- e/;izns”k dk lokZf/kd tula[;k ?kuRo okyk ftyk & Hksiky16- lcls de tula[;k ?kuRo okyk ftyk & jk;lsu17- izns”k dk fyaxkuqikr & 931 efgyk,W izfr 1000 iq:’k
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18- og ,dek= ftyk ftldk fyaxkuqikr izns”k ds fyaxkuqikr ds cjkcj gS & jhok ( 931 )19- fyaxkuqikr esa lokZf/kd o`f+| nj fdl lEHkkx esa gqbZ & bUnkSj20- izns”k esa f”k”kq fyaxkuqikr & 918 ckfydk f”k”kq izfr 1000 ckyd f”k”kq21- lokZf/kd f”k”kq fyaxkuqikr okyk ftyk & vyhjktiqj22- U;wure f”k”kq fyaxkuqikr okyk ftyk & eqjSuk
23- izns”k dh lk{kjrk nj & 69-3 %24- lk{kjrk dh n`f’V ls ns”k esa e/;izns”k dk LFkku & 28 okWa25- e/;izns”k dk lokZf/kd lk{kjrk nj okyk ftyk & toyiqj26- izns”k dk lcls de lk{kjrk nj okyk ftyk & vyhjktiqj
27- izns”k esa iq:’k lk{kjrk & 78-7 %
28- efgyk lk{kjrk nj & 59-2 %29- izns”k dk lokZf/kd efgyk lk{kjrk okyk ftyk & Hkksiky30- izns”k dk lokZf/kd iq:’k lk{kjrk okyk ftyk & toyiqj
31- lcls de efgyk ,oa iq:’k lk{kjrk nj okyk ftyk & vyhjktiqj%& jkT; ds izeq[k nqxZ ,oa fdys &%
%& jkT; esa izeq[k O;fDr;ksa ds edcjs ,oa lekf/k;kWa &%
gq”kax”kkg dk edcjk & ;g edcjk ekWMw /kkj esa fLFkr gSA tks fd if”Zk;u dyk dk uewukgSA Hkkjr ls laxejej dh izFke bekjr ;gh gSA
uke@LFky fuekZ.k drkZ o’kZ ;k fuekZ.k dky fo”ks’k rF;
Xokfy;j nqxZ/kkj dk fdyk
vlhjx< dkfdyk
pUnsjh dk fdyk
jk;lsu nqxZ
vt;x< dkfdykvksjNk nqxZ
ujoj dk fdyk
jktk lwjtlsulqYrku eksgEen rqxyd
vghj jktk vklk us bldkfuekZ.k djok;k
izfrgkj ujs”k dhfrZiky
jktk jktclUrh
jktk vt;iky
jktk ohjflag cqUnsyk
jktk uy
525 bZ- ds leHkor%1344 bZ- esa iqufuekZ.k
10 oha “krkCnh ds vklikl
11 oh lnh esa
16 oh lnh esa
18 oh lnh esa iqfuekZ.k
16 oh “krkCnh esa
14 oh “krkCnh esa
Hkkjr dk ftczkYVjblh fdys esa [kjcwtk egygSaAblesa 10 oha lnh esa fufeZrizkphu f”ko efUnj Hkh gSAblh fdys esa gok egy vkSj[kwuh njoktk fLFkr gSAbl fdys esa ,d njxkgfLFkr gSA;gkWa ij iRFkj dh uDdk”khdh xbZ gSAtgkWaxhj egy blh fdys esagSA;gkWa 500 o’kZ iqjkuk rkis”ojegknso dk efUnj gSA
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Rkkulsu dk edcjk & ;g edcjk Xokfy;j esa fLFkr gSA 55 oxZ ehVj esa QSyk ;g edcjkizns”k dk lcls cMk edcjk gSA ;g eqxy LFkkiR; dyk dk ,d lqUnj mnkgj.k gSAjkuh nqxkZorh dh lek/kh & ;g lek/kh ojsyk xkWo toyiqj esa fLFkr gSA jkuh nqxkZorhxks.Mokuk dh izfl| “kkfldk FkhAegkjkuh y{ehckbZ dh lek/kh & 1857 dh egRoiw.kZ ohjkaxuk egkjkuh y{ehckbZ dh lek/khXokfy;j esa fLFkr gSAjkuh voUrhckbZ dh lek/kh & jkuh voUrhckbZ xk dkIk;kZ; gSA oSxk tutkfr dks nzfoM iztkfr dh vkfne tkfr dgk tkrk gSA ;g tutkfr e.Myk ]ckyk?kkV ] “kgMksy ftyksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSA bl tutkfr dk izeq[k nsork cw
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* e/;izns”k dh fo”ks’k fiNMh tutkfr & cSxk ] dekj ] lgfj;k gSAlgfj;k tutkfr & lgfj;k e/;izns”k dh fo”ks’k fiNMh tutkfr;ksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g izns”kds mRrj&if”pe {ks= fo”ks’k & xquk ] Xokfy;j ] f”koiqjh ] fHk.M ] eqjSuk ] fofn”kk ] jk;lsuvkSj cqaUnsy[k.M esa fuok”k djrh gSA lgfj;kvksa dk ?kuRo Xokfy;j lEHkkx esa lokZf/kd gSAcatkjk & catkjk Hkkjr dh cgqr iqjkuh ;k;koj tutkfr gSA e/;izns”k esa catkjk ,d ?kqEkUrwtutkfr ds :Ik esa ekuh tkrh gSA ysfdu vktdy izns”k ds dqN fgLlksa esa catkjk tutkfr dsyksx xzke clkdj jgus yxs gSa] ftls Vk.Mk dgrs gSaA izkjEHk esa catkjk tutkfr ds yksxthoumi;ksxh lkexzh cSyksa ij ykndj xzke&xzke esa ystkdj csprs Fks ] ftls ckyn ykuk dgktkrk FkkA catkjk tutkfr da?kh ds vfoLdkjd ds :Ik esa tkuh tkrh gSA catkjksa dk ewy fuok”kjktLFkku ekuk tkrk gSA catkjs vius & vkidks jktiwrksa ds oa”kt ekurs gSA catkjksa ds dchysdk ,d eqf[k;k gksrk gS ] ftls os uk;d dgrs gSaAcatkjs fl[k /keZ esa vVwV vkLFkk j[krs gSaA
%& e/;izns”k ds izeq[k LVsfM;e &%
,sxokx LVsfM;e & Hkksiky:iflag LVsfM;e & Xokfy;jUksg: LVsfM;e & bUnkSj
rkR;k Vksis LVsfM;e & HkksikyvHk; [ksy iz”kky & bUnkSjmw’kkjkts LVsfM;e & bUnkSj
Ukke & miuke
Ekk[kuyky prqosZnh Hkkjrh; vkRekjktsUnz tSu jtuh”k ] vks”kksjkuh y{ehokbZ euqyrk exs”kdj Loj lkezkKhvfgY;kokbZ gksYdj nsoh yksdekrkfot;kjkts flafU/k;k jktekrkdqWathyky nqcs e0iz0 ds fof/k iq:’kia0 }kfjdk izlkn vk/kqfud pk.kD;ckcwyky xkSj cqyMkstj
%& izeq[k uxjksa ds iwoZ uke &%
%& e/;izns”k ds izeq[k O;fDr;ksa ds miuke &%
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Uk;k uke iwoZ uke
Ekgs”oj ekfg’efrbUnkSj bUnziqjHkksiky Hkwiky ] HkkstikyXokfy;j xksikpyeUnlkSj nliqjjhok vFkkmTtSu vofUrdktoyiqj f=iqjhe.Myk x< e.Myk ] xks.Mokukfofn”kk os”kuxj ] Hksy”kk[ktqjkgksa [ktwjokgdEkk.Mw ek.Mox<Cqkjgkuiqj [kkuns”k/kkj /kkjk uxjhnfr;k fnyhi uxj
%& e/;izns”k ds izeq[k fo”o fo|ky; &%MkWa0 gjhflag xkSj fo”ofo|ky; & Hkkjr e/;izns”k dk lcls iqjkuk fo”ofo|ky; MkW0 gjhflagxkSj fo”ofo+|ky; gSA bldh LFkkiuk 1946 esa lkxj esa gqbZ Ajkuh nqxkZorh fo”o fo|ky; & bldh LFkkiuk 1957 esa toyiqj esa gqbZAfodze fo”ofo|ky; & bldh LFkkiuk mTtSu esa 1957 esa gqbZAthokth fo”ofo|ky; & bldh LFkkiuk 1964 esa Xokfy;j esa gqbZ Ansoh vfgY;k fo0fo0 & bldh LFkkiuk 1964 esa bUnkSj esa gqbZ Atokgjyky usg: d`f’k fo”ofo|ky; & bldh LFkkiuk 1964 esa toyiqj esa gqbZAcjdrqYYk fo”ofo|ky; & bldh LFkkiuk 1970 esa Hkksiky esa gqbZAbfUnjk dyk laxhr fo”ofo|ky; & bldh LFkkiuk 1976 esa [kSjkx< esa gqbZAjktk Hkkst eqDr fo”ofo|ky; & bldh LFkkiuk Hkksiky esa 1991 esa gqbZAfgUnh fo”ofo|ky; & bldh LFkkiuk 2013 esa Hkksiky esa gqbZA
%& ;wusLdks dh fo”o /kjksgj Lkwph esa “kkfey izns”k ds LFky &%
[ktqjkgksa &&&&&& 1986lkWaph &&&&&&& 1989HkhecsfVdk dh xqQk &&&&&& 2003Ekk.Mw egy &&&&&&& izLrkfor
%& jkT; ds izeq[k iz”kklfud Hkou &%
Ekq[;eU=h fuokl & “;keyk fgYl ] Hkksikyfo/kku lHkk Hkou & bfUnjk xkWU/kh fo/kku Hkou ] Hkksiky
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jkT; lfpoky; & oYyHk Hkou ] HkksikyjkT; fo|qr e.My & “kfDr Hkou ] toyiqjjkT; ekuokf/kdkj Hkou & vjsjk fgYljkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx & fuokZpu Hkou ] vjsjk fgYl
%& e/;izns”k ls izdkf”kr izeq[k lekpkj i= &%
* izns”k esa izFke lekpkj i= ^ Xokfy;j v[kokj ^ dh “kq:vkr lu~ 1840 esa mnwZ Hkk’kk esa gqbZA
* fgUnh Hkk’kk esa izns”k dk izFke v[kokj ^ ekyok v[kokj ^ 6 ekpZ 1848 esa bUnkSj ls izdkf”krgqvk
* izns”k dk igyk ekfld v[kokj uothou bUnkSj ls 1939 esa fgUnh Hkk’kk esa izdkf”kr gqvkA
* orZeku esa izns”k esa lokZf/kd izlkj okyk lekpkj i= nSfud HkkLdj gSA
* izns”k dh ,dek= [ksy if=dk ^ [ksy gypy ^ ] bUnkSj ls ubZ nqfu;k izdk”ku lewg }kjkizdkf”kr dh tkrh gSA
* izns”k esa lokZf/kd lekpkj i= Hkksiky ls izdkf”kr fd, tkrs gSaA
* Xokfy;j ls Xokfy;j xtV lu~ 1853 esa izdkf”kr gqvkA
* ubZ nqfu;k v[kokj dh “kq:vkr 5 twu 1947 dks bUnkSj ls gqbZA
%& e/;izns”k dh Ykksd laLd`fr &%e/;izns”k dh izeq[k lkaLd`frd laLFkk,a &%
Hkkjr Hkou & Hkkjr Hkou Hkksiky esa fLFkr gSA bldh LFkkiuk 1982 esa dh xbZ A
e/;izns”k dyk ifj’kn~ & bldh LFkkiuk 1952 esa Hkksiky esa dh xbZA
e/;izns”k lkfgR; ifj’kn~ & Hkksiky esa fLFkr e/;izns”k lkfgR; ifj’kn~ dh LFkkiuk 1954esa dh xbZA
dkfynkl vdkneh & bldh LFkkiuk mTtSu esa 1977 esa gqbZA
e/;izns”k laLd`r vdkneh & bldh LFkkiuk Hkksiky esa 1985 esa dh xbZ FkhA
e/;izns”k rqylh vdkneh & Hkksiky esa 1987 esa bldh LFkkiukA
iqjkrRo ,oa vfHkys[kkxkj laxzkgky; & bldh LFkkiuk 1956 esa Hkksiky esa dh xbZA
e/;izns”k mnwZ vdkneh & 1976 esa Hkksiky esa bldh LFkkiuk gqbZA
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%& yksdxhr &%
Qkx xk;u &% Qkx xk;u gksyh ds volj ij A fuekM ] c?ksy[k.M ,oa cqansy[k.M ds {ks=ksaesa xk;k tkrk gSA blesa yksx mwWps Loj esa lkewfgd gksdj jk/kk vkSj d’̀.k dh yhykvksa ls lEcfU/krHktu xkrs gSaAXkjok xhr &% uojkf= ds volj ij fuekM {ks= dh fL=;kWa lkewfgd gksdj u`R; djrs gq, ]nsoh ds HkfDr xhr xkrh gSaAvkYgk xk;u &% cqansy[k.M ds yksx izk;% o’kkZ Jqrq ds le; jkr esa ] egksok ds vkYgk & mwnydh ohj xkFkk ,dy ;k lkewfgd mPp Loj esa xkrs gSaAHkksyk ;k yeVsjk xhr &% cqUnsy[k.M ds {ks=ksa esa f”kojkf= ] olUr iapeh ,oa edj ladzkfUrds volj ij f”ko ,oa “kfDr dh HkfDr ls lEcfU/kr Hktu xhr ] fcuk ok| ;U= ds L=h & iq:’kesa iz”uksRrj “kSyh esa xk, tkrs gSaAfojgk xk;u &% c?ksy[k.M esa fdlh Hkh lEk; ] lqulku jkgksa esa xks.M ,oa oSxk vkfnoklh;ksads fookg volj ij ,oa nhikoyh ds volj ij Jaxkjijd fojg xhr xk, tkrs gSaA
%& yksdu`R; &%
x.kxkSj u`R; &% x.kxkSj esa nks rjg ds u`R; gksrs gSa& ,d >kyfj;k vkSj nwljk >ksyk A >kyfj;ku`R; esa fL=;kWa vyx lewg esa vkSj iq:’k vyx lewg esa fgLlk ysrs gSaA >kyfj;k u`R; xkrs gq,fL=;kWa vkxs&ihNs >qddj [kMs gksdj xksy ?kwedj u`R; djrh gSaA>ksyk u`R; esa x.kxkSj dk jFk flj ij j[kdj u`R; fd;k tkrk gSA >ksyk u`R; vkMk vkSj [kMk“kSfy;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA x.kxkSj bZ”oj dh ewfrZ;kWa cukdj ?kj & ?kj esa iwtk dh tkrh gSAdkBh u`R; &% fuekM vapy esa nso izoksf/kuh ,dkn”kh ls ysdj egkf”kojk=h rd ] yksd dkBhurZd ckuk igudj kcqvk vkSj vyhjktiqj ds Hkhy ;qod ,oa ;qofr;kWa gksyh moa vU; voljksaij lewg esa u`R; djrs gSaA
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%& Ykksd ukV~; &%
Ekkp &% ekp dks e/;izns”k ljdkj us jk’Vzzh; ukV~; ?kksflr fd;k gSA ;g lEiw.kZ ekyok {ks=esa izfl| gSA ;g o’kkZ Jqrq dks NksMdj o’kZHkj ] jkr ds izFke igj esa gksrk gSA blesa d`’.k yhykvksadk vfHkuo fd;k tkrk gSALokax &% cqUnsy[k.M esa fofHkUu R;ksgkjksa o mRloksa ij jkbZ u`R; ds chp esa iznf”kZr fd;k tkrkgSA Lokax fdlh lkekftd ?kVuk ] yksd leL;k ] igsfy;kWa ,oa tknw&Vksuk vkfn ds vk/kkj ij[ksyk tkrk gSaA Lokax dk ewy m|s”; gkL; ,oa O;ax ds ek/;e ls lekt dh cqjkbZ;ksa ,oa ?kVukvksaij pksV djuk gSAukSVadh &% c?ksy[k.M esa fdlh Hkh [kq”kh ds volj ij fofHkUu yksd dFkkvksa ,oa thou ds izlaxksadks gkL; O;ax ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSAeulq[kk &% c?ksy[k.M esa R;ksgkjksa ds volj ij [ksyk tkrk gSaA blesa eulq[k uked dsUnzh;ik= ,oa xksfi;ksa esa uksd&>ksd gksrh gSaA-
%& Izkkphudky ds lkfgR; dkj &%
dkfynkl &% dkfynkl dks Hkkjr dk “ksDlfi;j dgk tkrk gSA budh fcfHkUu jpuk,W gSa&vfHkKku “kdqUrye ] fodzeksoZ”kh;e~ ] ekyfodkfXufe=e~ ] es?knwr ] dqekjlEHko ] j?kqoU”ke~ ,oaJrqlagkj AHkrZgfj &% bldh jpuk,W & J`axkj “krd ] uhfr “krd vkSj oSjkX; “krd gSaAHkoHkwfr &% budh jpuk,aW & mRrj jkepfjr ] ekyrh ek/ko ,oa egkohj pfj=
%& e/;dky ds lkfgR;dkj &%
ds”konkl &% 1555 bZ-iw- ls 1617 bZ-iw- rd budk le; jgkAbudh izeq[k jpuk,W & jkepfUnzdk ] jfldfiz;k ] ohjflag pfj= ] dfo fiz;k ] tgkWxhj tlpfUnzdk ] ,oa NUnekyk gSaAHkw’k.k &% Hkw’k.k dks okj jl dk dfo ekuk tkrk gSA budk dky 1613 bZ- ls 1715 bZ- rd jgkbudh izeq[k d`fr;kWa fuEu gSa & f”kokokouh ] N=lky n”kd ] Hkw’k.k gtkjk ] Hkw’k.k mYykl ,oaf”kojkt Hkw’k.k gSaAtxfud &% ;s 1230 bZ- ds led{k FksA budh flQZ ,d egku ohj jl ls ifjiw.kZ d`fr vkYgk[k.M gSA ftlesa egksok ds vkYgk vkSj mwny dh ohj xkFkk dk c.kZu gSA
%& vk/kqfud dky ds lkfgR;dkj &%
Ekk[kuyky prqosZnh &% budk dky 1889 bZ- ls 1968 bZ – rd budk dky jgk Abudh izeq[k jpuk,Wa & iq’Ik dh vfHkyk’kk ] fgrfdjhVuh ] fgerjaxuh ] ouoklh vkfn AlqHknzk dqekjh pkSgku &% dky & 1904 ls 1948 ds e/;budh jpuk,Wa & >kWlh dh jkuh ] jk[kh dh pqukSrh ] ohjksa dk dSlk gks olUr ] opiu ] fc[kjseksrh ] lh/ks&lk/ks fp= vkfnAxtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k &% budk le; 1917 bZ - ls 1964 bZ- rd jgk A budh fofHkUujpuk,Wa & pkWn dk eqWg VsMk ] dkek;uh ,d iqufoZpkj vkfnA
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“kjn tks”kh &% budk le; 1931 bZ- ls 1994 bZ- rd jgk A budh izeq[k jpuk,W & fiNysfnuksa ] thi ij lokj bfYy;kWa ] frfyLe ] eS vkSj dsoy eSa vkfnA
%& lkaLd`frd lekjksg ,oa izeq[k esys &%
[ktqjkgksa u`R; lekjksg &%;g lekjksg lu~ 1976 ls [ktqjkgksa esa vk;ksftr fd;k tk jgk gSA bl lekjkg esa dRFkd mMhlh ]dqfpiqiu nwj gksrk gSA dbZ lkS o’kksZ iqjkuk ;g esykvxLr & flrEoj esa vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSArstkth dk esyk &%Rkstkth lPps balku Fks A dgk tkrk gS fd muds ikl ,d ,slh “kfDr Fkh ] tks “kjhj ls lkWidk tgj mrkj nsrh Fkh A xquk ftys ds Hkkoke< esa fiNys 70 o’kksZ iqjkuk ;g esyk yxrk pykvk jgk gSA rstkth dh t;Urh ij ;g esyk yxrk gSA fuekM ftys esa Hkh bl esys dk vk;kstufd;k tkrk gSAp.Mh nsoh dk esyk &%Lkh/kh ftys ds /kh/kjk uked LFkku ij p.Mh nsoh dks ljLorh dk vorkj ekuk tkrk gSA ;gkWaij ekpZ & vizSy esa ;g esyk yxrk gSAHkkbZnwt &%
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HkkbZnwt lky es nks ckj eukbZ tkrh gSA ,d pS= esa gksyh ds mijkUr vkSj nwljh dkfrZd esnhikoyh ds ckn A ;g j{kk cU/ku dh rjg gh gSA cgus ] HkkbZ dks fryd yxkrh gSa vkSj HkkbZmudh j{kk dk iz.k ysrs gSaA
f”ko vkSj ikoZrh dh iwtk okyk ;g R;kSgkj o’kZ es nks okj euk;k tkrk gSA ;gefgykvksa dk ioZ gSA pS= rFkk Hkknksa ekg esa fL=;kW f”ko ikoZrh dh izfrek,W cukrh gSA vkSj iwtkds nkSjku u`R; djrh gSa rFkk crkls ckWVrh gSA vkSj ewfrZ;ksa dks unh rkykcksa esa folftZr djrhgSaA
vk[kkrht vfookfgr yMfd;ksa dk izeq[k R;ksgkj gSA oS”kk[k ekg dk ;gmRlo nwljs vFkksZ esa fookg dk Lo:Ik fy, gq, gSA
dkfrZd ekg esa nhikoyh ds nwljs fnu xkso/kZu iwtk gksrh gSA ;g iwtkxkso/kZu ioZr ls lEofU/kr gSA efgyk,sa xkscj ls ioZr vkSj cSyks dh eqfrZ
cukrh gSaaA ekyok esa Hkhy vkfnoklh Ik”kqvkas ds lkeus vonku gksM xhr ckrs gSaaA pUnzkoyh ukeddFkkxhr Hkh xk;k tkrk gSAgksyh &%jaxksa dk ioZ gksyh QkYxqu ekg dh iwf.kZek dks euk;k tkrk gSA lHkh oxksZa ds yksx ;gkW rd fdvkfnoklh Hkh bl R;kSgkj dks cMs mRlkg ds lkFk eukrs gSaA blesa lHkh ,df=r gksdj gksyh tykrsgSaA bldh vkx dks izR;sd xkWooklh ?kj ys tkrk gSA ;g ubZ ifo= vkx ekuh tkrh gSA nwljsfnu yksx u, & u, Lokax djrs gSa vkSj yksxksa dk euksjatu djrs gSaaA gksyh dk ioZ yxHkx fgUnw/keZ esa lHkh R;ksgkjksa ls vkuUn ,oa meUx dk R;ksgkj gSA
QkYxqu ekg esa ekyok {ks= ds Hkhyksa dk ;g izfl| R;kSgkj gSA bldh fo”ks’kckr ;g gS ] fd bl ioZ esa vkfnoklh ;qcd & ;qofr;ksa dks vius thou lkFkh dk pquko djusdk volj feyrk gSA dksbZ ;qod tc viuh ilUn dh ;qorh ds ekFks ij xqyky yxk nsrk gSvkSj yMdh mRrj esa yMds ds ekFks ij xqyky yxk nsrh gSA rks ;g le>k tkrk gS] fd nksuksa ,d& nwljs dks thou lkFkh cukuk pkgrs gSaA
%& e/;izns”k dh egku foHkwfr;kWa &%Rkkulsu &% Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr ds ,d izfriknd FksA os Xokfy;j ls Fks ] rFkk jktk vdcjds uojRuksa esa ls ,d FksA budh lekf/k Xokfy;j esa fLFkr gSAjktk N=lky &% jktk N=lky us vk/kh lnh ls vf/kd le; rd fujarj la?k’kZ fd;k vkSjvar esa Eqkxy lRRkk ls cqansy[k.M dks eqDr djk;k Afojtw egkjkt &% dRFkd lezkV fojtw egkjkt dk tUe 4 Qjojh 1938 dks okjk.klh esagqvk FkkA bUgksus ns”k & fons”k esa vusd u`R; dk;Zdze izLrqr fd, vkSj “kkL=h; u`R; dRFkd dkxkSjo c
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dh budh x.kuk pksVh ds odhyksa esa gksrh gSA bUgksaus LorU=rk vkUnksyuksa esa Hkkx fy;kA rFkk ;se/;izns”k ds izFke eq[;eU=h cuk, x,Afot;kjkts flafU/k;k &% jktekrk fot;kjkts flfU/k;k dk tUe 12 vDVwcj 1919 dks lkxjftys esa Bkdqj egsUnz iky ds ;gkWa gqvk FkkA budk cpiu dk uke ys[kk fnO;s”ojh FkkA ;s eSfVzzdikl djus okyh izFke efgyk FkhA budk fookg Xokfy;j ds egkjktk thokth jko flfU/k;k lsgqvk FkkA 25 tuojh 2001 dks budk fu/ku gks x;kAEkk/kojko flfU/k;k &% budk tUe Xokfy;j ds egkjktk thokth jko flfU/k;k ds ;gkWa 10ekpZ 1945 dks gqvk FkkA budh ekrk dk uke fot;kjkts flfU/k;k FkkA ;s dbZ ckj yksd;Hkk dsfy, fuokZfpr gq,A bUgksaus dsUnz ljdkj ds fofHkUu ea=h in dks Hkh lqlksfHkr fd;k FkkA 30flrEcj 2001 dks ,d foeku nq?kZVuk esa budh e`R;q gks xbZA“koue ekSlh &% ;s o’kZ 2000 esa “kgMksy ftys ds lksgkxiqj fo/kku lHkk {ks= ds mipquko esafo/kk;d in gsrq fuokZfpr gksus okyh Hkkjr dh izFke fdUuj gSaA
fodze iq:Ldkj &% bl iq:Ldkj dh “kq:vkr 1990 ls gqbZ A ;g iq:Ldkj izns”k ds loksZRd`’Vlhfu;j f[kykfM;ksa dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, fn;k tkrk gSA bl iq:Ldkj ds vUrxZr 1yk[k :- dh jkf”k iznku dh tkrh gSA,dyO; iq:Ldkj &% izns”k “kklu }kjk lu~ 1994 esa LFkkfir ;g iq:Ldkj jkT; ds loksZRd`’Btwfu;j f[kykfM;ksa dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, fn;k tkrk gSA bl iq:Ldkj dh jkf”k 50gtkj :i;s gSA ;g iq:Ldkj 19 o’kZ ls de vk;q okys f[kykfM;ksa dks fn;k tkrk gSAfo”okfe= iq:Ldkj &% izns”k ljdkj }kjk lu~ 1994 esa LFkkfir ;g iq:Ldkj [ksy esaljkguh; ;ksxnku nsus okys dkspksa dks iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa 1 yk[k :i;s dh jkf”k iznkudh tkrh gSAykbQVkbe vphoesaUV iq:Ldkj &% ;g iq:Ldkj fdlh Hkh {ks= tSls & [ksy ] flusek ]jktuhfr ] lkfgR; ] lekt lsok vkfn esa thou Hkj dh miyfC/k;ksa ds fy;s iznku fd;k tkrkgSA
Note � bu lHkh iq:Ldkjksa esa 1 yk[k :i;s dh jkf”k ds lkFk Cystj ] VkbZ ] izrhd fpUg ,oaizek.k i= iznku fd, tkrs gSaA
Ek/;izns”k esa vf/kd flafpr {ks= pEcy lEHkkx vkSj ueZnk iqje lEHkkx ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA Ek/;izns”k esa lcls de flafpar ftyk fMUMkSjh gSA Ek/;izns”k esa flafpr Hkwfe ek= 36 izfr”kr vkSj vflafpr Hkwfe 64 � gSA pEcy ?kkVh ifj;kstuk e/;izns”k vkSj jktLFkku dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk gSA ;s 1953 & 54
esa vkjEHk dh xbZ FkhA bl ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr dqy 4 ckW/k & xkW/kh lkxj ] jkuk izrkilkxj ] tokgj lkxj vkSj dksVk cSjkt cuk, x, gSaA
Ek/;izns”k dh izeq[k [kk|kUu Qly xsagw izns”k ds lokZf/kd {ks=Qy ij mxkbZ tkrh gSA rFkknwljh [k|kUUk Qly pkoy gSA
nkyks ds mRiknu esa e/;izns”k dk izFke LFkku gS ] e/;izns”k dh izeq[k nyguh Qly pukgSA
e/;izns”k fdlkuksa dks “kwU; C;kt nj ij J.k miyC/k djkus okyk Hkkjr dk izFke jkT; gSA
%& e/;izns”k ds izeq[k [ksy lEeku &%
vU; tkudkjh &% ;s Hkh i
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Ek/;izns”k esa lokZf/kd dsys dk mRiknu cqjgkuiqj esa gksrk gSA Ek/;izns”k esa lokZf/kd {ks=Qy ij lks;kohu dh [ksrh dh tkrh gSA Ekkyok ds iBkj dks xsagwW dk Hk.Mkj dgk tkrk gSA Ek/;izns”k esa fo|qr mRiknu 1905 esa izkjEHk gqvkA Ikzns”k esa ty fo|qr mRiknu igyh okj pEcy ?kkVh ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr gqvkA jkT; esa lokZf/kd mwtkZ dh [kir m|ksx ds {ks= esa gksrh gSA flaxjkSyh dks e/;izns”k dh mwtkZ jkt/kkuh dgk tkrk gSA flaxjkSyh e/;izns”k dk gh ugha ] ofYd iwjs Hkkjr dk mwtkZ xzg dgk tkrk gSA bldh
vk/kkjf”kyk 1982 esa Jh erh bafUnjk xkWa/kh }kjk j[kh xbZA bl fo|qrxzg dks :l dh lgk;rkls fufeZr fd;k x;k ] bldh {kerk 4260 esxkokV gSA
Ek/;izns”k ds izFke iqfyl egkfuns”kd ch- ih- nqcs FksA Ikzns”k dh igyh efgyk IPS vklk xksikyu jghaA Ek/;izns”k esa uDlyokn ls izHkkfor izeq[k ftys & ckyk?kkV ] e.Myk ] fM.MkSjh ] vkSj lh/kh
gSaA buesa ls ckyk?kkV lcls vf/kd uDly izHkkfor ftyk gSA
Ikzns”k esa uDlyokn ls fuiVus ds fy, ,d fo”ks’k oy gkWd QkslZ dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA Ek/;izns”k iqfyl vfXu”keu lsok dk eq[;ky; bUnkSj esa gSA Ek/;izns”k dk igyk esfMdy dkWyst xtjktk esfMdy dkWyst Xokfy;j esa fLFkr gS ] bldh
LFkkiuk 1946 xbZA
jkT; ds fHk.M & eqjSuk ftys esa ljlksa dk lokZf/kd mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA Ek/;izns”k esa ^ ikuh jksdks vfHk;ku * 15 Qjojh 2001 ls izkjEHk gqvkA Ek/;izns”k es u;k iapk;rh jkT; fo/ks;d 25 tuojh 1994 ls izHkkoh gqvkA Ek/;izns”k ds ,dek= “kgMksy ftys esa ;wjsfu;e [kfut ik;k tkrk gSA1) Ek/;izns”k iqfyl dk eq[;ky; � P.H.Q ) Hkksiky esa vkSj uxj lsuk � home
guard ) dk eq[;ky; toyiqj esa fLFkr gSAPaknsy jktoa”k us e/;izns”k dks izfl| [ktqjkgksa ds efUnj iznku fd,Ato Qwyu nsoh us vkReleiZ.k fd;k rc e/;izns”k ds eq[;ea=h in ij vtqZu flag FksAe/;izns”k dk rsanwiRrk mRiknu esa izFke LFkku gSAueZnk unh dk mn~xe jkT; e/;izns”k gSAlkxkSu e/; Hkkjr {ks= esa cgqrk;kr ik;k tkrk gSA*ekp* e/;izns”k dk jk’Vzzh; ukV~; gSA* e/;izns”k uekfe * iqLrd ds jpf;rk MkW- oklqnso “kj.k mik/;k; gSaAe/;izns”K esa ftyk ljdkj dh LFkkiuk 1 vizSy 1999 esa gqbZ FkhAipe
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izns”k ds mTtSu “kgj dk izkphu uke vofUrdk FkkAdkUgk fdlyh jk’Vzzh; m|ku e/;izns”k ds e.Myk ftys esa fLFkr gSAe/;izns”k esa danfj;k egknso efUnj [ktqjkgksa esa fLFkr gSAizns”k esa tSo e.Myh; vkjf{kr {ks= ipekcqvk ftys esa gksrh gSAe/;izns”k esa igyh ckj fo/kkulHkk pquko 2003 esa gqvk FkkAizns”k esa lckZf/kd dks;yk fNUnckMk esa ik;k tkrk gSAe/;izns”k ds Xokfy;j fdys dk fuekZ.k jktk lwjt lsu us djok;k Fkk Ae/;Hkkjr dk jktizeq[k thokthjko flaf/k;k FksAe/;izns”k esa xzke Lojkt ;kstuk 26 tuojh 2001 dks ykxw gqbZA1923 esa toyiqj ls vkjEHk gqvk >.Mk lR;kxzg iwjs izns”k esa izfl| gqvkALoea=rk lsukuh pUnz”ks[kj vktkn dk tUe vyhjktiqj ftys ds Hkkojk xzke esa 23 tqykbZ
1906 dks gqvkA rFkk bUgksus *dkdksjh dk.M* esa fgLlk fy;k RkFkk e/;izns”k esa vksjNk esa viukfu;kZflr thou O;rhr fd;k ,oa bykgkckn ds ,YQzsaM ikdZ esa iqfyl ds lkFk eqBHksM esa Loa;dks xksyh ekjdj ohjxfr dks izkIr gq,A
e/;izns”k dk ukedj.k ia0 tokgjyky usg: us fd;k AvfoHkkftr e/;izns”k dh lhek Hkkjr ds 7 jkT;ksa dks Li”kZ djrh FkhA
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RAMKESHeducation.com
Madhyapradesh General Knowledge 2019
Name - Ramkesh RawatMob - 7470638993
Website - RAMKESHeducation.comGmail - RAWATRAMKESH475@gmail.comEmail - RAMKESHeducation@.org.in
e/;izns’k lkekU; Kku dh fcfHkUuiqLrdksa ls pqudj rS;kj fd, x,
iz’uksa dk laxzg vo’; Ikkcqvk11-lcls de tula[;k okyk ftyk & toyiqj12-izns”k dh tula[;k c`f| nj & 20-30 izfr”kr13-izns”k dk dqy tula[;k ?kuRo & 236 O;fDr izfr oxZ f14-tula[;k ?kuRo dh n`f’V ls izns”k dk ns”k esa LFkku15-e/;izns”k dk lokZf/kd tula[;k ?kuRo okyk ftyk & Hk16-lcls de tula[;k ?kuRo okyk ftyk & jk;lsu17-izns”k dk fyaxkuqikr & 931 efgyk,W izfr 1000 iq:’k18-og ,dek= ftyk ftldk fyaxkuqikr izns”k ds fyaxkuqik19-fyaxkuqikr esa lokZf/kd o`f+| nj fdl lEHkkx esa gq20-izns”k esa f”k”kq fyaxkuqikr & 918 ckfydk f”k”kq i21-lokZf/kd f”k”kq fyaxkuqikr okyk ftyk & vyhjktiqj22-U;wure f”k”kq fyaxkuqikr okyk ftyk & eqjSuk23-izns”k dh lk{kjrk nj & 69-3 %24-lk{kjrk dh n`f’V ls ns”k esa e/;izns”k dk LFkku & 25-e/;izns”k dk lokZf/kd lk{kjrk nj okyk ftyk & toyiq26-izns”k dk lcls de lk{kjrk nj okyk ftyk & vyhjktiqj27-izns”k esa iq:’k lk{kjrk & 78-7 %28-efgyk lk{kjrk nj & 59-2 %29-izns”k dk lokZf/kd efgyk lk{kjrk okyk ftyk & Hkksi30-izns”k dk lokZf/kd iq:’k lk{kjrk okyk ftyk & toyiq31-lcls de efgyk ,oa iq:’k lk{kjrk nj okyk ftyk & vyhHkkjr Hkou & Hkkjr Hkou Hkksiky esa fLFkr gSA bldhe/;izns”k dyk ifj’kn~ & bldh LFkkiuk 1952 esa Hkkse/;izns”k lkfgR; ifj’kn~ & Hkksiky esa fLFkr e/;izdkfynkl vdkneh & bldh LFkkiuk mTtSu esa 1977 esa ge/;izns”k laLd`r vdkneh & bldh LFkkiuk Hkksiky esae/;izns”k rqylh vdkneh & Hkksiky esa 1987 esa bldhiqjkrRo ,oa vfHkys[kkxkj laxzkgky; & bldh LFkkiuk e/;izns”k mnwZ vdkneh & 1976 esa Hkksiky esa bldh