Post on 01-Jan-2016
A Positive Approach to
Crossover Youth
Irvine, CAOctober 2014
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Over-representation
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TotalJustice System
Losing the Lead The American Middle Class Is No Longer the World’s Richest April 21, 2014
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California Demographics4
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Ja’isha Akins
Cost of Increased Incarceration State correctional spending increased
fourfold:1988 $11.7 billion2008 $47.3 billion
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Our Criminal Sentencing Problem
Total Correctional Population Total Pop. Behind Bars1982 2,194,000 1982 612,000
2008 7,308,200 2008 2,304,000
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Studies on Black Boys and Perceived Childhood by Police Officers
Black boys are seen by Police Officers as less “childlike” than their White peers Older More Culpable/Less Innocent
Childhood characteristics are perceived as less relevant to Black boys
White Black Latino
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2.5
3.1
-0.9
4.6
2.3
Over/Underestimation of Ages By Offense and
Race/Ethnicity
Misdemeanor suspected
Me
an
ag
e o
ve
rest
ima
tio
n (
in
ye
ars
)
Source: Goff, P.A., Jackson, et.al. The Essence of Innocence: Consequences of Dehumanizing Black Children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. February 2014.
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Detention of youth of color has increased since 1985. By 2011, 71% of detained youth nationwide were youth of color.
Source: Census of Public and Private Juvenile Detention, Correctional and Shelter Facilities, 1985.
Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement, 1997 & 2011.
National Data: Shift in Composition of Public Detention Centers
72%
28%
1985
37%
63%
1997
White YOC
2011
29%
71%
2011
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Contact Us
W. Haywood Burns Institute475 14th St. Suite 800Oakland, CA 94612
www.burnsinstitute.org(415) 321-4100
James Bell, Executive Directorjbell@burnsinstitute.org or x101
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