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1 !"#$%&'()*+(,-). (/0 : 12)342008)45 5136
2Elinor MacDonald Rogers and John Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians
(Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1989), 50.3
Ronald Fung, Y. K, The Epistle to the Galatians New International Commentary on the New
Testament, vol. (Eerdmans, 1988), 112.4 !"#$%&'()*+(,-).45 5106
5 !"#$%&'()*+(,-).45 5136
6 Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 53.
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L#1515a ÔHmei"ß fu/sei !Ioudai"oi kai« oujk e˙x e˙qnw#n aJmartwloi÷:
We are Jews by birth and not Gentiles who do not observe the Mosaic law,
L#16 16a 77ei˙do/teß [de«]
77nevertheless knowing
777o¢ti ouj dikaiouvtai a‡nqrwpoß e˙x e¶rgwn no/mou e˙a»n mh\ dia» pi÷stewß !Ihsouv Cristouv, 777that a man is not justified by the works of the Law except through faith of Jesus Christ ,
16b kai« hJmei"ß ei˙ß Cristo\n !Ihsouvn e˙pisteu/samen, even we have believed into Christ Jesus,
16c iºna dikaiwqw #men e˙k pi÷stewß Cristouv kai« oujk e˙x e¶rgwn no/mou, so that we may be justified by faith of Christ and not by the works of
the Law;
16d o¢ti e˙x e¶rgwn no/mou ouj dikaiwqh/setai pa#sa sa¿rx. since by the works of the Law no flesh will be justified.
7àáâ*=ç±]Novum Testamentum Graece (New Testament in Greek) Nestle-Aland, 27th Edi-
tion, Accordance 8.2.38;DÇçc=èéa]|Ýêë&32ìíÇë&îïðaÂÃñÜêòóôõ�
2
4. .*7819:
4.1 2:15a
15a ÔHmei"ß fu/sei !Ioudai"oi kai« oujk e˙x e˙qnw#n aJmartwloi÷: We are Jews by birth and not sinners from among the Gentiles;
77,-Ö ÔHmei"ß=ö°�BÚlFaR�÷Þ��1¨©�? ø¯Ö !Ioudai"oi1
aJmartwloi÷� ÔHmei"ß=ùú¶predicate)ad ÔHmei"ßûüýþ�%K ÿ!R/0!Úl�
mL! e˙sme÷n =/0;"are"�
YY!Ioudai"oi=ö°�fN%�11 aJmartwloi÷ ¶ò#ø aJmartwlo/ß·âö�BÒð$
%&'._()F'B*%Fa %) +,-../+Ù[01 aJmartwlo/ß =���S
&23H,45.a aJmartwlo/ß =6³]B78'9:u�= %F�%- S#a3H
,;<O.aaJmartwlo/ßÜZ�B[\%F=ë³ò� 14 ÿ!aÚl�m*=>&�
9 Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 53.
10William D Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek Grammar, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, Mich:
Zondervan, 2003), 66.11 Walter. Bauer, "!Ioudai "oß," in A Greek - English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other
Early Christian Literature, ed. Fredrick William Danker, 3rd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
2000) (BDAG), CD-ROM.12
Bauer, "aJmartwlo/ß."(BDAG), CD-ROM.13427:3; 54:3; 91:7; 100:8; 118:53, 1558124:3; 128:3 - LXX. James Dunn, D G., “The Incident
At Antioch (Gal 2:11-18),” Journal for the Study of the New Testament no. 18 (1983): 27.14
Isa 14:5; 1 Macc 2:44; PssSol 1.1; 2.1; Matt 26:45; Luke 6:32–33; Richard Longenecker, N,
Galatians Word Biblical Commentary, vol. (Thomas Nelson, 1990), J-&?@N)6>1A/-)=_�a
¿B aJmartwlo/ß1B[\%F=ë³CDaW Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis
of Galatians, 53�Ù&Ecaº,FG.�ë;<Odë&_H=¢Ia aJmartwloi« 1 e¶qnoß ¿ÝJK]ë³ò� Matthew uses aJmartwloi« (sinners) (Matthew 26:45) similar to Luke's use e¶qnoß (Gentiles)
(Luke 18:32); William Barrick, D., “The New Perspective and "Works of the Law" (Gal 2:16 and Rom
3:20),” Master's Seminary Journal 16 no. 2 (2005): 283.
3
LÇ e˙qnw#n (ò#ø e¶qnoß)�Þ[\%a%< ÁZ aJmartwlo/ßR�÷=ö°¤M��
B[\%F�%I;
YYRN"0OÜÝ$aÂÃÄ]ê aJmartwlo/ß 6³]B78'9:u�=%F?
@PG�QRa#P%IQS*TgU e¶rgwn no/mou äïðu���=7V¶WB 4.2.2
e¶rgwn no/mou=9:·�%> ![a3H±Qd?fN%1[\%=üX¶fu/sei·aÚl
YZB^�¡�u�=[+\���%J Î]a^ê�O6³9R#P%>Q=_`32
(Protasis·2euJre÷qhmen kai« aujtoi« aJmartwloi÷aa=9:2BÚlYx]���u�
=%F¿1!"*bP�ÿ!acO e˙x e˙qnw#n aJmartwloi÷:=ö°¡�Bd0[\a
ef+¿Ò+��u�=%F�
YYLÇ fu/sei =ö°�BwügÌ+=hiFa19 ÿ1Bd0[\F¶e˙x e˙qnw#n)�
�u�=%}?aBÚlF¶��1¨©·F�gd�fN%=ajk&lmn?kl
1o�w]fN%Yºp.qrÆstu22Bu�F(no/moß)ax]BÚlF1yC
D=�µ13v%&î]()620;
15 Bauer, "e¶qnoß."(BDAG), CD-ROM.
16 Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 53.
17 Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 54.
18 Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 54.
19 Bauer, "fu/siß."(BDAG), CD-ROM
20Mark Seifrid, A., “Paul, Luther, and Justification in Gal 2:15-21,” Westminster Theological
Journal 65 no. 2 (2003): 217.
4
YYw�u�=fN %d?xu�Ü�=[\%a�yOfN%3z{j=st°
|�#P%I )%Q¡�}~�Osta�Ô1%wCDE�yþ³=�G���21 ��
1¨©��+�ë=K��dÇY.C^=fN%1[\%a+u�1f+u��+
����'ö³�
4.2 2:16a
16a ei˙do/teß [de«] nevertheless knowing
o¢ti ouj dikaiouvtai a‡nqrwpoß e˙x e¶rgwn no/mou e˙a»n mh\ dia» pi÷stewß !Ihsouv Cristouv,
that a man is not justified by the works of the Law but through faith of Christ
Jesus,
77%I��&O�ÆÇ%<�=32¶Dependent Clause·�GV!a��0O32akÌL
ÇcO o¢ti32aû]&OB�n'IF (indirect discourse)a��Ö ei˙do/teß=¾no
Ö�));ÁZÂÃ�=êalKx&O23�
YYei˙do/te߶ò#ø oi•da·=ö°�©U&����)- a=���k��x�a+a
=������R��)6 ºa=Öø+�aa���%<Q���Ö e˙sme÷n= Ö��
+Ö¶adverbial participle·� ei˙do/teß�O¡¢òøSR��OCü�%ITaD±!£Æ
21 Longenecker, Galatians, 85, CD-ROM.
22 Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek Grammar, 308.
23 Bauer, "oi•da."(BDAG), CD-ROM.
24Daniel B Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics : An Exegetical Syntax of the New
Testament With Scripture, Subject, and Greek Word Indexes, 4th rev. ed. (Grand Rapids, Mich:
Zondervan, 1996), 579.
5
Ç_¤�¥¦¶dogmatic position·=.*�)< §! o§tia]c¨v�&�©Ä=���26
R�÷Þ��1¨©û]DEha&6�%=��ÿ!ao¢tiR�÷=ªÝ�Substanti-
valao¢tiL!a]c=®¯2a¡�&OB�n'IF«)> �ei˙do/teß=¾noÖ(Direct
Object)a,ïBÚlF�%=���
YYde÷�&OB¬nÖ1]Ö9aR�÷�ïðB®]=d?F�)J 3H%I�au�
3±�ݯÓÔ%þ³�¡¬fN%°�gUno~�DEZ±þ³�ÿ!a&¾ê
fN%\[\%+²=Bu�FaY.¡©xC³´�¿µ�ËaR%<QfNst7
V=®�"a¶·�Ý��%I�=���ÁZaÂÃ�=;"Nevertheless"=ã*/0�
77a‡nqrwpoß��O32=^Ö (Subject)aö°�B%F�)? ��R!�¸¹ÞÓÔ
%aº�gUd?%<Q1»¼+=sta½¾&O�+fN%¿[\%=F7V�À
f+%wUk=1»Ì[+ÓÔ4Á|�30;fN%1[\%ÂRy=c®a£�f+
251Cor. 15:58; 2Cor. 1:7, 4:14, 5:6,11; Gal. 2:16, 4:8; Eph. 6:8,9; Phil. 1:16; Col. 3:24, 4:1; 1Th.
1:46Fung, The Epistle to the Galatians, citing Munck, Paul and the salvation of mankind, 126.26;Longenecker, Galatians,;J6Ã;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&
27 Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek Grammar, 308.
28 Bauer, "de÷."(BDAG), CD-ROM.Ù&OÜÝ�û]¬n®]+C=(¢¶ã* "and"·�!ÈÉ=0±\9.É£Ê�B®]=d?F¶ NASB: "Nevertheless"Ë ESV, NRSV, HCSB, NET, ASVÌ "Yet";
NICNT: "But"«ÍÎ-.2B+F˰ϱ2BÜ�F·a õÈÉ@A®Ã¶ WBC$"And"; ÐP±2BeF«F0±2BekF·� Ù[aÈÉ=0±19.²�=�ä/0 de÷¶TNIV, NIV, NKJV, KJV;
NIGTC·aÜÝ�w] de÷ f+ü�ÇÈÉÑÒ±$¶UBS41 NA27ÓÔde÷L|&OÕ Ö×a,ïdaØR=ÙÏ�W Robert Stutzman, An Exegetical Summary of Galatians2nd ed. (Dallas, TX: SIL
International, 2008), 69. 3HNovum Testamentum Graece (Greek New Testament) Apparatus, @Ade÷ ØR=Ò±+2 å B C D° F G H 0278c. 81. 104. 1175. 1241s. 2464 pc lat��d de÷ØR=Ò±²+ !46 A D2 ¥0278°. 33. 1739. 1881  syh6@Ab�0E=Ò±ÉíaÜùÚi}Û�;
29 Bauer, "a‡nqrwpoß."(BDAG), CD-ROM.
30F. Bruce, F, The Epistle to the Galatians New International Greek Testament Commentary,
vol. (Eerdmans, 1982),;L#%IÃ;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&
6
0Ü= a‡nqrwpoß�31;fN%�ÀÁÝa[\%°�ÀÞ"�32
4.2.1 dikaiouvtai=9:
YYdikaiouvtai¶ò#ø dikaio/w·�%I�32=ß&�Ö�a‡nqrwpoß �a=^Ö�
dikaiouvtai =�R���Bà(�=áI (Gnomic Present)aw]±QbRïð&Oâ
ãäå�G�--;
YYdikaio/w R,FG.æü�-?Ta>$)>T�ü�Ç��OC�-6 {| dikaiou-
vtaiç[adikaio/w�R%IQZÙ[01¡¢òøü��R±P=Î]&Qa1dikaio/
wÆ¥ëö³=-Ödikaiosu/nh¿ü��º dikaio/- �òèéêü�=ëiÜBab
ì|9aR�÷=ö³aídÊvîm�
YY 3HBDAGà dikaio/w ÜÝ=9:��2S&2BDÇ$1�uïâwÌû}¤
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52BµÎ%&!=bìF� -< ÂÃÄ]S#O9:ÎPG�!ÈÉ=0±£@A�
O9:�-I;
31 Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians,;L#%IÃ;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&
32 Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians,;L#%IÃ;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&
33 Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, 523.
34 Accordance 8.2.3
35Bauer, "e¶rgon,"(BDAG), CD-ROM.36
‘to be justified’ [BDAG, Mor, WBC; KJV, NASB, NET, NIV, NRSV, REB], ‘to be put right with
(someone)’ [Johannes P. Louw and Editors Eugene A. Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New
Testament Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1989),], ‘to be made right
with God’ [NCV], ‘to become right with God’ [NLT], ‘to be put right with God’ [TEV], ‘to be pro-
nounced and treated as righteous, ‘to be able to please God’ [CEV], ‘to receive God’s approval’
[GW]. W Stutzman, An Exegetical Summary of Galatians, 70.
7
77Ù&Eca�O9:=ôLa�R1��Xõ=à�*¢¿öG7V1M?fN
_+C�&Eca di÷kh(dikaio/òè=ò3·�÷øùÔ%¥=Bú²Faû%R6`
$æëgü�-> Û%§P6`=45Ìüak¡�di÷kaioß�38ýý dikaio/- �òèþ
ÿx]&1*Îgü=()a�Z�u\%&0Ec=ö³]^� -? �Üa�Ö
dikaio/w=ö°a¡��R&!"ò\"#$aûü©b=ò6a$%() (dikaiosu/
nh)�40
77Ù&Eca3HöG78&0±aÛ dikaio/-�òèR/0à'd*ò3 !dq=ò
�a41a=ö³D(/�y%CDçBGFaÌ�Ê&)6`%&�²� 42 Ûy'%
*ÇÁ+çGäî�ak,-¡� di÷kaioß�6- kÌad.©/®#01]=BM?f
N_F�,adikaio/-�òè/2¡]dfNu�=��a����).Z(M?3é
=gü�²�66 44a&1gB��FZ5©Bª6F¶ merit·¿78Bþ³F=7V
ýýxó�6<;
37Colin Brown, "dikaio/w," in New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology
(Zondervan, 1986), , CD-ROM. Hesiod (Works 275 ff.). 3HPlatoaÛÁ+%£Û9k=±Éägüadikaiosu/nh¡`R6`\%=s:$©;�W Plato: ta heautou prattein, Rep. 1-4 Rep. 4, 443c ff.]da
Aristole :di÷khþÿx]&1%¥=<&� ; Aristole: Eth. Nic. 5. 38
Brown, "dikaio/w."(NIDNTT), CD-ROM. Homer, Od. 13, 20939
v��=¡>�ÛU�()äûü¦ò�Brown, "dikaio/w."(NIDNTT), CD-ROM. 40
Brown, "dikaio/w."(NIDNTT), CD-ROM. Fragment 169, 3; Herodotus 1, 100.41
Gerald Hawthorne, F. and Ralph Martin, P., Dictionary of Paul and His Letters (InterVarsity
Press, 1993), 828. ^m]!e"eq (“straightness,” “justness,” “rightness”) \ !e"#qâ (“justice,” “straightness,”
“honesty”)�42
Brown, "dikaio/w."(NIDNTT), CD-ROM.43
Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 828. ��!aRJ?@?Aç®adikaiosu/nh^m�ÇZUæBc¥1y=CDEca�CD=D(a¡�y1ZUæ%=+G�ZUæ%¿w!}Cay`CDEFklGH[Iä���G�+RJ?ç]adikaiosu/nh¡J]½¾O%1y=bìCD�~ÐK*Ç-1ZUæÁ+çGab��R-dZUæB=LM�%^Û�BGFÌîak¡�di÷kaioß=�
44 Brown, "dikaio/w."(NIDNTT), CD-ROM. Brown, "no/moß", CD-ROM.
8
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�a£�J�ú�aw]%=þ³�y=Sû�46;
4.2.2 e¶rgwn no/mou=9:
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&X9ûBSûFa 6> no/mou¶ò#ø no/moß·²Ü9]B&XuvF¿B��).$
=uvF'B��).F±X�6J e¶rgwn no/mou�OÖèR,FG.æü�9TaY
ÈR��OC�6? Z©:ö=�a9T$>$/T£�RLMNO#(*P«¸¸#
P%IQ¡+*T�ÜB e¶rgwn no/mouR±Q=T:!a[&O\îm=]�Rö
e¶rgwn no/mou=9:a^_S&01fN_=�iaZ(B�����F=ï`�Z
"�01ÜÝ=G9�
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Uæ%i8d=�<) Bºjk�÷d=%F=öla�½m[\%nofN%ç&!
45 Brown, "dikaio/w."(NIDNTT), CD-ROM.
46 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 286.
47 Bauer, "e¶rgon."(BDAG), CD-ROM.
48 Bauer, "e¶rgon."(BDAG), CD-ROM.
49 Accordance 8.2.3
50James D. G Dunn, Jesus, Paul, and the Law : Studies in Mark and Galatians1st American
ed ed. (Louisville, Ky: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1990), 194.51
Dunn, Jesus, Paul, and the Law : Studies in Mark and Galatians, 186-8&52pqr2s9:tuvO*P/Q=#wJx2y<A&=B9Y.D�|z�{a,$K
;<y'||}.S6)>~¶)KKI&<·a� 4-5.
9
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DBîu�F�ObG(�¶badges·a1fN%¨!Äë�<6;
YY�Üa���´=�Ða¡�ÆB©MF'Bþ³F=w�aÌ�Bx-F�<<
���d=âwa�w~�DEY.»¼&OF=Mb�,�<I ÁZa[\%�R�
À�m�¢x]fN%�<> �1fNBÉ^³¶ Jewish Nationalism·�mJ�{�<J �
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YY
YYS#12u�^³¶Legalism·aµCD��B ��).$=uvFä58y=�
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>kÈÉÜBa���¸å{ e¶rgwn no/mou û]%©U dikaiosu/nh =�%akë
Üå{c¥=u�¶no/moß·R�Ec=ÜÝï�I6 ��!a��R�yO*P)K )%Q
53 Dunn, Jesus, Paul, and the Law : Studies in Mark and Galatians, 194-5.
54 Dunn, Jesus, Paul, and the Law : Studies in Mark and Galatians, 194.
55 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 977, CD-ROM.
56 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 975, CD-ROM.
57 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 975, CD-ROM.
58 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 975, CD-ROM.
59 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 975, CD-ROM.
60 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 976, CD-ROM.
61 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 976, CD-ROM.
62 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 976, CD-ROM.
63 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 976, CD-ROM.
64L#)%Ë*%%�%)Ë )6� Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 977,
CD-ROM.
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77²³´Ä]e¶rgwn no/mou±Xñ,ïBÛ9��u�=µ¶Ìîüd=î]Fa
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65Barrick, “The New Perspective and "Works of the Law" (Gal 2:16 and Rom 3:20),” 279. '
0 Westerholm, Israel's Law and the Church 's Faith, 118. 66 Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 977, CD-ROM.67
Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 977, CD-ROM.68
N½*%-;�69N½*%-Ã%6Ã%<Ã)-Ã)<Ã)>Ã)?� Barrick, “The New Perspective and "Works of the Law"
(Gal 2:16 and Rom 3:20),” 281. 70
Barrick, “The New Perspective and "Works of the Law" (Gal 2:16 and Rom 3:20),” 285.71
!"#$%&'()*+(,-).45 545672
Barrick, “The New Perspective and "Works of the Law" (Gal 2:16 and Rom 3:20),” 279. '0 Westerholm, Israel's Law and the Church 's Faith, 118.
11
4.2.3 pi÷stewß !Ihsouv Cristouv =9:
77{| e¶rgwn no/mouç[4pi÷stewß !Ihsouv Cristouv=9:¿¾�Vï�pi÷stiß
!Ihsouv Cristouv �ÖèR��OCæü�7T�73 pi÷stewß=ò#ø� pi÷stißa�>
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773H"*(16b)a��ÈÉCD e˙pisteu/samen ¶ò#ø pisteu/waö°�Bm$
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73L*22 [also 3:26 in !46]; Rom 3:22, 26; Eph 3:12; Phil 3:9. Longenecker, Galatians, 87, CD-
ROM.74
Louw and Eugene A. Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on
Semantic Domains, pi÷stiß75
Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, 113.76Z"Faith in Christ"]/0=ã*>ô2NASB, ESV, NRSV, HCSB, NIV, TNIV, NKJV, ASV, Wey-
mouth, Basic English Bible, NIDNTT, NIGTC.$*0±2ÐP±¿F0±¿°Ï±¿ÊË$a£�Z�Elä/0�
77Z"Faith of Christ"]/0=ã*0±Ì:O2KJV; WBC6"Faithfulness of Christ": NET. Bruce,
The Epistle to the Galatians,;L#%IÃ;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&78
Bauer, "pisteu/w", CD-ROM.79
Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians,;L#%IÃ CD-ROM&
12
ü�-TaBwCDEF°¤ü�-T|�JK ![a��RS*PÃê e¶rgwn no/mou1
aÓkohvß pi÷stewßûüd?aZ�ÍLMNChaklÎo-sÏw}CÁÐB=;
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77 �k!ÈÉ$ã*0±£@A Objective Genitive=9:a+ÒÓodov='Ã
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80 !"#$%&'()*+(,-).45 554.
81L*)Ã<�D. Hunn, “Pistis Christou in Galatians 2:16 : Clarification From 3:1-6,” Tyndale
Bulletin 57 no. 1 (2006): 33.
* 82J. Haussleiter, Der Glaube Jesu Christi und der christliche Glaube; idem, “Was versteht Paulus unter
christlichen Glauben?” in Theologische Abhandlungen, FS H. Cremer [Gütersloh: Bertelsmann, 1895]
159–81; G. Kittel, TSK 79 [1906] 419–36; K. Barth, The Epistle to the Romans, tr E. C. Hoskyns [New
York: Oxford, 1933] 41, 96; A. G. Hebert, Th2 58 [1955] 373–79; T. F. Torrance, ExpTim 68 [1957]
111–14; E. Fuchs, “Jesu und der Glaube,” ZTK 55 [1958] 170–85; P. Vallotton, Le Christ et la foi:
Etude de theologie biblique [Geneva: Labor et Fides, 1960], 41–144; R. N. Longenecker, Paul, Apostle
of Liberty, 149–52; H. Ljungmann, Pistis, 38–40; G. M. Taylor, JBL 85 [1966] 58–76; K. Kertelge,
Rechtfertigung bei Paulus [Münster: Aschendorff, 1967] 162–66; J. Bligh, “Did Jesus Live by Faith?”
HeyJ 9 [1968] 418–19; M. Barth, HeyJ 10 [1969] 363–70; G. E. Howard, HTR 60 [1967] 459–65; D.
W. B. Robinson, RTR 29 [1970] 71–81; H. Lührmann, “Pistis in Judentum,” ZNW 64 [1973] 28; R. N.
Longenecker, “The Obedience of Christ in the Theology of the Early Church,” in Reconciliation and
Hope. FS L. L. Morris, ed R. Banks [Exeter: Paternoster, 1974] 142–52; G. E. Howard, ExpTim 85
[1974] 212–15; M. Barth, Ephesians, 2 vols. [AB; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1974] esp 1:224, 347;
G. E. Howard, Paul: Crisis in Galatia, esp 57–59, 95 n 191; and lately M. D. Hooker, NTS 35 [1989]
321–42)
83Gal 1:23; 3:5, 23-25; 6:10 6Hunn, “Pistis Christou in Galatians 2:16 : Clarification From
3:1-6,” 24.84
Seifrid, “Paul, Luther, and Justification in Gal 2:15-21,” 218.85
L*%%�
13
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P%?Q·aµ�À�mu��
YYÙ&Ecaº*�=Täa@A"Faith in Christ"=9:¿å�ÏÐ�QRa��
æm|�Ö pisteu/w1-Öpi÷stißRúö!=ÜÝ+¦a91 ê pisteu/w=ö°a½L
R pi÷stißX!a��Pú²=ú(sç¶Illegitimate Semantics transfer·�?);S#a
3HWallaceaÛ pi÷stiß]cL!&O Personal Genitive=�èa,FG.=^é��
�Subjective Genitive693
YY�dBDE=CF='ÃaÄ]��OC$DEdy=Ѥ�BefFaÌ��
86 Longenecker, Galatians, 88, CD-ROM.
87D. Campbell, A., “False Presuppositions in the Pistis Christou Debate : A Response to
Brian Dodd,” Journal of Biblical Literature 116 no. 4 (1997): 717.88
&<17689
Seifrid, “Paul, Luther, and Justification in Gal 2:15-21,” 219.90
&<24691
Campbell, “False Presuppositions in the Pistis Christou Debate : A Response to Brian
Dodd,” 715.92
êëì432,FGT:�í.a;¶îï;Ì;=%Oða%???·a� 126-127693
Matt 9:2, 22, 29; Mark 2:5; 5:34; 10:52; Luke 5:20; 7:50; 8:25, 48; 17:19; 18:42; 22:32; Rom 1:8, 12;
3:3 (here “the faithfulness of God”); 4:5, 12, 16; 1 Cor 2:5; 15:14, 17; 2 Cor 10:15; Phil 2:17; Col 1:4; 2:5; 1
Thess 1:8; 3:2, 5, 10; 2 Thess 1:3; Titus 1:1; Phlm 6; 1 Pet 1:9, 21; 2 Pet 1:5. Wallace, Greek Grammar
Beyond the Basics, 116.
14
BCaF«?6;ê�÷9ûDE=Ca¶Faith/Faithfulness of Christ·a�R�&Oñtò
ó=ôG�?<;kÌaÂÃÄ]kl=T:�õö=�QRakl_`��R�yO1
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4.2.4 e˙a»n mh\;=9:
77e˙a¿n mh/�Ù&OU9.ÉBþ³F=���&X9ûB{ÊF (if not, unless)697
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77S&1�Exceptive6e˙a»n mh/]®ccO23�!&OBv[F(exception)6James
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94 !"#$%&'()*+(,-).45 5586
95 !"#$%&'()*+(,-).45 5586
96 !"#$%&'()*+(,-).45 5586
97 Bauer, "e˙a»n", CD-ROM.
98��Ì NASB, ESV, NRSV, HCSB, TNIV, NET, NKJV, KJV, ASV, NIV, Darby, Basic English
Bible6Weymouth Bible0±²L!onlyaµ "But only"�99
v� YLT�100
James. Dunn. , BJRL 65 [1983] 112–13.
15
wUu�Ìþ³a{ÊCD~�DE=C¢F�Rö James DunnG9�÷=u�a�
pq1"�u�ÌYaÌÊc)��u�×t�
77�ÜaBe¶rgwn no/mouF1Bpi÷stewß !Ihsouv CristouvF=CD¡��#a��
�}å��James DunnÄ]����RB�����Fç®=+$aw]��±d1
Û,fN_=°|£&Ü�%bG��^³&¶ covenantal nomism·6%K% %IQ',,ï
kç]=+$2al���¯Q=�%K) ��J¡=âwa�wkþ�aekf+L!
C¢=u��ݯ%þ³a��ß+C¢Ì��u�a(��ºC)=ß&GH�%K-
77James Dunn=7ÐaR*�!�kÅP&*e˙a»n mh=÷�E�a%K6 +¡U��R
%IQ®]J¡+$=7Ða/�PG�%K< �1®]+,=òóaÄ]��R%IQ�Q
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4.2.4.2 Adversative77
77Ù&OÜÝa¡�ê e˙a»n mh/G9]ïðAdversative¶�öh�·=ö°aã*¨v
/0] "but"�%KJ Adversative=1ÐBÇ��RcO%IQa£ÈÉïð&1Be¶rgwn
101A. Das, Andrew, “Another Look At.In Galatians 2:16,” Journal of Biblical Literature 119 no.
3 (2000): 534.102
Das, “Another Look At.In Galatians 2:16,” 533-34.103
Das, “Another Look At.In Galatians 2:16,” 534.104
Debbie Hunn, “'E!v "# in Galatians 2:16: A Look At Greek Literature,” Novum
Testamentum 49 no. 3 (2007): 283.105
Das, “Another Look At.In Galatians 2:16,” 534.106
Das, “Another Look At.In Galatians 2:16,” 534.107
Hunn, “'E!v "# in Galatians 2:16: A Look At Greek Literature,” 290.108
Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians,;L#%IÃ;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&
16
no/mouF1Bpi÷stewß CristouvFd+=�Ía"but"=/0=ì§P!"*�
77kÌaWX��8#Tde˙a»n mh \=÷�ae˙a»n mh \=ö°£�ïðexceptionaÌ�
�Adversative=ö°�109 BurtonÎì;Þüaêe˙a»n mh \G9]Adversative=9:a��
ÅPàá0v��=� 110 �k;<OSü� e˙a»n mh \�ûadversative=v34+�R1
Æ2Ba°��üÇ��=ÑÂ�%%%;
4.2.4.3 Partial Exceptive or Ellipsis
77Ù&OÜÝa�e˙a»n mh/ñ�bou! dikaiouvtaiaÌ��� e˙x e¶rgwn no/mou6112�
¥v3¿BÇàá=*'�113�19:1!"*=9:=bP=�Ù&1*'Ñ�°
+¥3=44a¡�¤�"5ú"(ellipsis) �cO%I�=�cça>��2%%6
Protasis(_`32): ei˙do/teß [de«] o¢ti ouj dikaiouvtai a‡nqrwpoß e˙x e¶rgwn no/mou
Apodosis(4×2 )$ [ouj dikaiouvtai a‡nqrwpoß] e˙a»n mh\ dia» pi÷stewß !Ihsouv
Cristou
YY3HZ!016�a" e¶rgwn no/mou"1"pi÷stewß !Ihsouv Cristouv"¡ÝJG9]
�Yd+a+Ã���9 e˙a»n mh/=9:�74cO16a32=ö°2BkÌÚl¶��
109�*)K ))Ã )JË 5)Ã IË @%)Ã -)Ë 8&IË L*)Ã <Ã %K6Das, “Another Look At.In
Galatians 2:16,” 530. 110
Das, “Another Look At.In Galatians 2:16,” 531. 111
G)%?Ã8)66Das, “Another Look At.In Galatians 2:16,” 531.112
J. Lightfoot, B., J. B. Lightfoot's Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul (Hendrickson
Publishers, 1993), L#%IÃ;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&113
Hunn, “'E!v "# in Galatians 2:16: A Look At Greek Literature,” 284-5.S&01=àáÜÝ'ÉPlutarch’s Moralia4°S÷� partial exceptive�*�6=> Origen, Contra Celsum 4.26 (ANF 4:507)
also....Origen, Comm. in ev. Matt. 11.17 (PG 13:960b). 114
Das, “Another Look At.In Galatians 2:16,” 533-34.
17
1¨©·�%aÓÔ%£�Ýg����u�Ì©.y=PQaß+CD~�DEÁ8
d=CaÚl(Ü©Uy=PQ�F
4.3 2:16b
16b kai« hJmei"ß ei˙ß Cristo\n !Ihsouvn e˙pisteu/samen, even we have believed into Christ Jesus,
YY�÷= hJmei"ßa�Þl%<Q= ÔHmei"ßaö°�B¡¬Úl��gd�fN %
=Fa+L½ú9=û�� %%< Rö%I �&OÙ+32¶ Independent Clause·aR45
!1%<�:;�kÌaÛ��R�÷L!kai«a/�mî<%<Qû]±Q=D(2fN
%1[\%Rst!=+¦� %%I kai« �&O Ascensive Conjunctionsaïð>]=®
¯a1®c=eÆë&¥¦«�=>]=®¯a?®c=º¬&>a\Z©:ö�%%>
YY e˙pisteu/samen ¶ò#ø pisteu/w·�±Q=ß&�Öa���B�6Dä
�F¶Aorist·a&X9ûB}CF�%%J ����1��a�mïð�B}CF=?@
ïa%%? 14Vï¶consummative aorist·�%)K Cristo\n !Ihsouvn2~�DEa���Ö=
¾noÖ¶direct object·�ei˙ß R!§PAccusative case= Cristo\n !Ihsouvna+&1¬
.÷c=ö°�%)% ²³´Ä]aâ*�÷�¸�Gï!=Ä�aº�AXDE�%)) Á
115Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians,;L#%IÃ;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&
116Longenecker, Galatians, 88, CD-ROM.
117 Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, 670.
118 Bauer, "pisteu/w", CD-ROM.
119 Longenecker, Galatians, 88, CD-ROM.
120 Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, 559.
121Louw and Eugene A. Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on
Semantic Domains, "84.22", CD-ROM.122
²³´2,LMNOÌ:¶B!·.a� 561.
18
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}C\AXÇDE~��F%)-
123O¦9.ÉÄ]��R!êç®= !Ihsouv CristouvaJ] Cristo\n !Ihsouvna�m½¾&
OY.©UÏC=DE�;ÂÃÄ]�+!ÜÝa+/�ݵ��
19
4.4 2:16c
16c iºna dikaiwqw#men e˙k pi÷stewß Cristouv kai« oujk e˙x e¶rgwn no/mou, so that we may be justified by faith of Christ and not by the works of the Law;
YYQRa%I��&O�ÆÇ%I =32�iºna�%I 1%I�=¬nÖaR�÷=ª��ï
ð#=�%)6;cO%I�32aïð|%I Û$=;e˙pisteu/samen=B#=F�
YYdikaiwqw#men�±Q=ß&�Ö�a=ú9� Subjunctive¶_`ú9·aw]Á+
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124Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, 676-8.
125Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians,;L#%IÃ;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&
126Hawthorne and Martin, Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, 286.
20
4.5 2:16d
16d o¢ti e˙x e¶rgwn no/mou ouj dikaiwqh/setai pa#sa sa¿rx. since "by the works of the Law no flesh will be justified."
YY1%I�&Üa%IE�&O�ÆÇ%I =32�o¢ti�&O¬nÖaR�÷�]%I =
e˙pisteu/samen �!&Oâw�CDöG='Ia��½¢|%I =y'D(�127 Á
Za%IE�O o¢ti32�&O adverbial o¢ti à 9:%I BÚl`}CDE~�F=â
w�Ù&Ecaa¿�&O o§ti recitativum¶¾n'I·a¾n'IF�¦%=«�%)J
�O'I2�d 0öG78&0±45&G58#5)Q2"o§ti ou! dikaiwqh/setai
e˙nw¿pio/n sou pa#ß zw#n"�45=±ö�x%ÝRy=H"$µÎ0n+Ga%)? +/
vJ'IZ@AgCaDEÌþ³�%-K Rö��]|½¢k=VÐakR'I$Sû
ü|Àõ=�ü�
YYQRakL¼ e˙x e¶rgwn no/mouaU.'I2º&X=â²J¢]46=¤��%-%
S#ak5ä|e˙nw¿pio/n sou�%-) S*akZ pa#sa sa¿rx 8,|pa #ß zw#n�âwÜ
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YYRödikaiwqh/setai¶ò#ø;dikaio/w·=���Òd����R�÷=ö°aÜ
127Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 56.
128Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek Grammar, 308.
129Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians,;L#%IÃ;ÄÅ ÆÇÈ&
130 Rom 3:10, 20; Gal 2:166
131Barrick, “The New Perspective and "Works of the Law" (Gal 2:16 and Rom 3:20),” 287. c.f.
Fung, Galatians, 118. 132
Barrick, “The New Perspective and "Works of the Law" (Gal 2:16 and Rom 3:20),” 287. c.f.
Fung, Galatians, 118. 133
Gen 6:12. Barrick, “The New Perspective and "Works of the Law" (Gal 2:16 and Rom
3:20),” 287-8. c.f. Fung, Galatians, 118.
21
Ý�ÞRM\=Òdaf+ÓÔ%êRy=H"$©.y=þ»�%-6;�R®&Üa
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YYÁZa%IE=c¥ö°�2w]b�.!Á¢aBf+%ÝRÒd=H"$aaU
u�=��aݩ.y=PQ�F
134Barrick, “The New Perspective and "Works of the Law" (Gal 2:16 and Rom 3:20),” 288.
Moisés Silva, Explorations in Exegetical Method: Galatians as a Test Case (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996) 174,
182.
22
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135 Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, 690.
136 Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 57.
137 Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 54.
138 Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 58.
139 Rogers and Callow, A Semantic Structure Analysis of Galatians, 58.
24
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Barrick, William, D. “The New Perspective and "works of the law" (Gal 2:16 and Rom
3:20).” Master's Seminary Journal 16 no. 2 (2005): 277-292.
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Campbell, D., A. “False Presuppositions in the PISTIS CHRISTOU Debate : A Response to
Brian Dodd.” Journal of Biblical Literature 116 no. 4 (1997): 713-719.
Das, A., Andrew. “ANOTHER LOOK AT.IN GALATIANS 2:16.” Journal of Biblical
Literature 119 no. 3 (2000): 529-529.
Dunn, James D. G. Jesus, Paul, and the Law : Studies in Mark and Galatians. 1st American
ed ed. Louisville, Ky: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1990.
Dunn, James, D G. “The incident at Antioch (Gal 2:11-18).” Journal for the Study of the New
Testament no. 18 (1983): 3-57.
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Testament. Eerdmans, 1988.
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Press, 1993.
Hunn, D. “Pistis Christou in Galatians 2:16 : Clarification from 3:1-6.” Tyndale Bulletin 57
no. 1 (2006): 23-33.
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49 no. 3 (2007): 281-290.
Louw, Johannes P., and Editors Eugene A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament
Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1989.
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Publishers, 1993.
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Zondervan, 2003.
27
Stutzman, Robert. An Exegetical Summary of Galatians. 2nd ed. Dallas, TX: SIL
International, 2008.
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Journal 65 no. 2 (2003): 215-230.
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28