Don Scott

Director of Sustainability

National Biodiesel Board

Biodiesel Clean Diesel Powered by the Sun

What is Biodiesel?

A renewable substitute for diesel fuel made from animal

fats or vegetable oils

The National Biodiesel Board

Headquarters of the National Biodiesel Board

Jefferson, City Missouri

Who is the National Biodiesel Board?

• Non-profit Trade Association for the US Biodiesel Industry

• Coordinating body for Research, Tech Development, Policy

• Founded in 1992

• Supports biodiesel from all sustainable feedstocks and a

multitude of process technologies.

Who is the National Biodiesel Board?

Biodiesel: Advanced Biofuel, Here Now

Nationwide Production Biodiesel is produced in every region of the country.

Biodiesel Feedstocks (EPA Approved Advanced Biofuel)

Soybean oil

Corn oil from ethanol plants

Canola

Camelina

Animal fats

Recycled grease

Waste grease

Algae

Biodiesel defined by ASTM Specifications:

B5 and lower (ASTM D975)

B6 to B20 (ASTM D7467)

B100 (ASTM D 6751)

Common Nomenclature

B5= 5% biodiesel in diesel fuel B20= 20% biodiesel in diesel fuel

Biodiesel can be blended with diesel fuel in any ratio.

There is no “blend wall” for biodiesel.

Sustainability Benefits of Biodiesel

• Increases Energy Security

•Supporting Jobs and Economic Benefits

•Commitment to Fuel Quality and Performance

•Real Environmental Benefits

10

Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel

• Cleaner, Safer Diesel Exhaust Emissions

• Superior Energy Efficiency (captures solar energy)

• Lifecycle Carbon Reduction

• Nontoxic & Biodegradable

• Reduces Wastewater & Hazardous Waste Production

Emissions Reductions

Emission Type B100 B20

Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20%

Carbon Monoxide -48% -12%

Particulate Matter

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

-47%

-80%

-12%

-13%

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)

Ozone Potential

+10%

-50%

*0%

-10%

A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/analysis/biodsl/p02001.pdf

13

THE MARTEC GROUP CONFIDENTIAL

New clean diesel engines have reduced NOx and PM emissions by more than 95% over the last 25 years.

HD Emission Standard NOx (g/bhp-hr) PM (g/bhp-hr)

1988 10.7 0.6

1998-2007 4.0 0.1

2007-2009 2.0* 0.1

2010+ 0.2 0.01

*Actual standard is NMHC*NOx with a 0.5g/bhp*hr maximum on NMHC

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

1988 1998-2007 2007-2009 2010+

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

1988 1998-2007 2007-2009 2010+

U.S. Emission Standards – Heavy Duty Trucks

98% Reduction 98% Reduction

NOx (g/bhp-hr) PM (g/bhp-hr)

National

Average

29%

#1 State: IN

44%

Emissions Reductions

Emission Type B100 B20

Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20%

Carbon Monoxide -48% -12%

Particulate Matter

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

-47%

-80%

-12%

-13%

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)

Ozone Potential

+10%

-50%

*0%

-10%

A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/analysis/biodsl/p02001.pdf

• The 1.5 billion gallons of biodiesel produced

in 2013 reduced emission by:

• PM 9,350,000 pounds

• HC 12,690,000 pounds

• CO 104,085,000 pounds

Clean Diesel vs CNG

Vs. 2000 Diesel

Bus

Nitrogen Oxide

(NOx)

Particulate Matter (PM) Hydrocarbon (HC)

2012 Diesel Bus -94% -98% -89%

2012 CNG Bus -80% -99% -100%

2012 Clean Diesel Bus & 2012 CNG Bus Emissions Comparison To 2000 Diesel Bus

Vs. 2000 Diesel Bus Nitrogen Oxide

(NOx)

Particulate Matter (PM) Hydrocarbon (HC)

2012 Diesel -4,953 kg -275 kg -429 kg

2012 CNG -4,197 kg -279 kg -471 kg

Emissions Reductions Per 10 Replacement Buses

SOURCE: Clean Air Task Force. “Clean Diesel versus CNG Buses: Cost, Air Quality, & Climate Impacts” (2012)

18

OEM Support

• All major OEMs selling diesel equipment in the U.S. support at least B5 and lower blends, provided they are made with biodiesel meeting ASTM D 6751

• Most OEMs are also recommending use of a BQ-9000 supplier • 10 new OEM statements of B20 support in 2012, 6 in 2013 • Over 78 percent of U.S. manufacturers (39 brands) support B20 or

higher blends in at least some of their equipment; • Nearly 90 percent of the medium- and heavy-duty truck markets

support B20

• For a complete listing of OEM position statements on biodiesel, as well as the current U.S. Diesel Vehicles List, visit: www.biodiesel.org/using-biodiesel/oem-information

Performance Benefits of Biodiesel

• Yields the same kind of horsepower, torque, and performance

as diesel fuel

• Naturally Ultra-Low in Sulfur

• <15 ppm

• Enhanced Lubricity

• B5 blend restores lubricity to ULSD

• High Cetane

• 47 min., 55 common

Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel

• Cleaner, Safer Diesel Exhaust Emissions

• Superior Energy Efficiency (captures solar energy)

• Lifecycle Carbon Reduction

• Nontoxic & Biodegradable

• Reduces Wastewater & Hazardous Waste Production

Liquid Fuel is Stored Solar Energy Plants store energy in natural oils.

Nature has pre-assembled long carbon chains.

Annual crops concentrate energy in seed.

Animals store energy in fat.

Liquid fuels are energy-dense,

easily transported, and easily stored.

Oils release energy easily.

Biodiesel stores solar energy.

Plants recycle carbon from the air.

Hydrocarbons (H, C, & O) do not mine nutrients (N, P, & K)

from soil

21

Biodiesel GHG Studies

DATE SOURCE GHG reduction

1998 USDA/NREL 78%

2008 DOE/Argonne 66-94%

2010 CARB 78%

2010 USEPA 85%

2010 DOE/Argonne 89-122%

2010 GHGenius 86%

2012 Univ. Idaho/USDA 81%

GHG Reductions with Biodiesel Blends

•A B20 blend reduces lifecycle GHG emissions of a diesel vehicle by 16%.

•This compliments MPG, PM, and NOx improvements of new diesel vehicles.

•A B5 blend reduces lifecycle GHGs by 4%.

Better For Your Health

• Biodiesel is:

– Nontoxic:

• LD50 =17.4 g/Kg - less toxic than table salt

• Skin irritation less than that of 4% soap and water solution

– Safer to handle: Flash point above 200 Degrees F, Non-Reactive, Non-Corrosive

Biodiesel reduces impact to water resources

Reduces wastewater by 79%

Reduces hazardous waste by 96%

B20 no NOx increase in 49-state USEPA Diesel

B20 no NOx increase in 2010 and later engines

B5 no NOx increase in CARB diesel

• Biodiesel use ramps up as

NOx-neutral engines replace old technology.

• Low blends in use today have no measurable NOx impact.

• Potential future NOx will be mitigated by engine technology.

Biodiesel, NOx, and California

Biodiesel Ramp-up

0

5

10

15

20

25

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Biodiesel Blend (%)

Biodiesel Blend (%)

Retirement of Legacy Diesel Engines (Mandated Adoption of New Technology Diesel Engines/Aftertreatment and Attrition)

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

% of On-Road Fleet with pre-2010 engine

% of Off-Road Fleet with pre-2010 Engine

#REF!

Potential NOx increase by %

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

% of Diesel NOx

% of Total NOx

Biodiesel Blend %

Biodiesel NOx Relative to Diesel NOx (tons per day)

0.0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1000.0

1200.0

1400.0

1600.0

1800.0

w/ Biodiesel

w/o Biodiesel

Total NOx Statewide (tons per day)

0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

2500.0

3000.0

3500.0

w/ Biodiesel

NOx Diesel

NOx All Sources

NOx Impact of Biodiesel in CARB diesel

• CARB mitigating NOx for future increases of biodiesel use.

• No NOx increase w/ current use of biodiesel.

• NOx issue goes away with new diesel engines.

• Combined effect of NOx and PM reduction has no measurable increase in ozone even in

South Coast.