A bit of the Amazing Qin Empire

Post on 22-Jun-2015

123 views 0 download

Tags:

description

Francesca Chu gives a vivid story of ancient China Qin history and her own study of Qin's agriculture laws. Francesca was a 5th grade student in Foothill Elementary, Saratoga CA. And she gave the presentation in 2011 Student to Student Conference in University of California, Santa Cruz.

Transcript of A bit of the Amazing Qin Empire

A  Bit  of  the  Amazing Qin  Empire  

Francesca  Chu  5th  Grade  

Foothill  Elementary,  Saratoga  CA  

This  ancient  state  in  China  made  these  famous  achievements  …  

The  Great  Wall  of  China  

The  Terra-­‐CoCa  Army  

A  MulEplicaEon  Table  

Circa  221-­‐206  BC  InsEtute  of  Archeology,  Hunan  China    

A  County  –  where  the  King  can  rule  directly  

A  Nuclear  Family  

An  Environmental  Law  

Qin  Agriculture  Law  Dated  306  BC  Discovered  in  1975  

“In  February,  it  is  unlawful  to  log  in  the  forest,  unlawful  to  block  streams.  Before  summer,  it  is  unlawful  to  burn  grass  for  ferElizer,  or  collect  newly  budding  plants,  or  hunEng  young  animals,  or  collecEng  animal  eggs,  or  poisoning  fish  or  turtles…  This  ban  is  in  force  unEl  July.”    

My  story  begins  a  long  long  Eme  ago,  in  a  place  far  far  away  …  

Where?  

Qin  circa  360  BC  

Qin  was  Small,  Remote,  &  Backward.  

How  was  life  like?  

This  painEng  shows  the  King  si`ng  on  a  mat,  and  a  nobleman  showing  him  a  map  on  a  table  

A  Chariot  with  four  horses  

Ox  Drawn  Iron  Plow  

Everything  Changesd  when  the  Duke  Hired  Lord  Shang  

Yang  

Lord  Shang  Yang’s  Reforms  

 The  lords  and  commoners  must  follow  the  same  laws.  

Lord  Shang  Yang’s  Reforms  

 The  laws  are  wriCen  and  applied  strictly.  

Lord  Shang  Yang’s  Reforms  

 Created  Prefectures  and  CounEes  for  the  Duke  to  rule  the  state  directly.  

Lord  Shang  Yang’s  Reforms  

 Standardized  Measurements  &  Money  for  Tax  and  Commerce.  

Lord  Shang  Yang’s  Reforms  

 Farms  are  standardized.  Adult  children  must  have  their  own  fields  and  pay  their  own  taxes.  

But  How  Do  We  Know  All  This?  

Here  is  How  

History  

My  own  study  Archeology  

History  

 The  Grand  Historian  Sima  Qian  was  born  in  145  BC.  His  “Records  of  History”  has  130  volumes,  and  was  wriCen  from  109  –  91  BC.  

History  

 “Records  of  History”  Volume  68,  Chapter  8  is  “History  of  Lord  Shang  Yang”  

Archeology  

 Discovered  in  1980,  these  plates  are  dated  309  BC.  They  record  Lord  Shang  Yang’s  Law  of  Agriculture.  

Archeology  

 Harvest  scene  set  on  a  grid  of  irrigaEon  channels.  Mulberry  trees  were  planted  on  the  field’s  edge.  

And  I  thought  I  could  invesEgate  this  a  bit  on  my  own  …  

See,  in  this  arEfact  

Archeologists  translated:  -­‐  1  yard  =  6  foot  -­‐  1  acre  =  1  yard  x  240  yard  -­‐  1  hectare  =  100  acre  =  1  family  lot  -­‐  North-­‐south  roads  are  called  Qian  -­‐  East-­‐west  roads  are  called  Mo  -­‐  1  foot  =  23.1  cm  =  0.758  English  foot  

My  ReconstrucEon  of  a  Family  Lot  

If  Qin  Laws  were  so  strictly  followed,  would  you  expect  some  of  these  fields  sEll  be  seen  today?  

Here  is  How  I  Am  Going  to  Find  Out  

Step  1:  Locate  the  area  in  Google  Earth  Step  2:  Randomly  choose  10  regions  Step  3:  From  each  region  choose  10  lots  Step  4:  Calibrate  Google  Earth  Ruler  Step  5:  Using  the  ruler,  measure  horizontal  and  

verEcal  length  of  each  chosen  lot  Step  6:  Convert  to  Qin  measurement  units  Step  7:  StaEsEcal  analysis  

Step  1:  Locate  the  Area  Yellow  River  

Qin  Capital  

Future  Imperial  Capital  Wei  River  

Step  2:  Select  10  Regions  

Step  3:  Select  10  Lots  per  Region  

Step  4:  Calibrate  the  Ruler  

Step  5,  6:  Measuring  &  ConverEng  

Step  7:  StaEsEcal  Analysis  

Mean  =  241.18,  Margin  of  Error  =  3.89  Confidence  level  =  95%  

Step  7:  StaEsEcal  Analysis  

Mean  =  95.6,  Margin  of  Error  =  1.49  Confidence  level  =  95%  

Can  these  fields  2,300  years  later  just  by  accident  match  so  well  with  the  archeological  and  historical  

records?  

NO  WAY!  

The  Rest  is  History  

QuesEon:  What  is  Qin?  

In  2010  AD,  according  to  the  World  Bank,  

1,338,299,512  people  call  themselves  Chinese    

(Qin-­‐>Chin-­‐>China-­‐>Chinese).  

QuesEons  ?