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INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGSAND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
MAJOR ASPECTS IN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
EXAMPLES IN INDIA AND DUBAI
CONCLUSION
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DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING :
The Intelligent Building Institute has proposed: “An
intelligent building is one that provides a productive
and cost-effective environment through optimization
of its four basic elements - structure, systems,
services and management - and the
interrelationships between them. Intelligent
buildings help business owners, property managers
and occupants to realize their goals in the areas of
cost, comfort, convenience, safety, long-term
flexibility and marketability."
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INTRODUCTION
Intelligent Buildings are the buildings of 21st century. Theycombines innovations with skillful management to maximize thereturns on investment.
These buildings keep a watch over themselves and their ownwell being.
They put off lights, shut down air conditioners, check the water storage tanks, recharge the central UPS in case of a power failure and switch on the alarm in case of fire.
“Use of technology and process to create a building thatis safer and more productive for its occupants andmore operationally efficient for its owners.”
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Intelligent Buildings are equipped with robust
telecommunication infrastructure, allowing for
more efficient use of resources and increasing the
comfort and security of its occupants.
The origin of Intelligent Buildings and buildingmanagement systems has roots in the Industrial sector inthe 1980’s.
The high technology concept of intelligent building
systems was introduced in United States.
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Building should know what is happening inside andimmediately outside.
Building should decide the most effective way of providinga convenient, comfortable and productive environment for
its occupants. Building should respond as quickly as possible to the
occupant’s requests.
“These attributes indicates the need for varioustechnology and management systems. The successfulintegration of these systems will produce three dimensionsof building intelligence”.
OVERVIEW OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
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EXAMPLES OF HOW TECHNOLOGY HELPED TO
PROVIDE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND A SUPERIOR
ENVIRONMENT
FEATURE BENEFIT
Dimmable fluorescent lighting
integrated with sun blind control
Optimal lighting level and quality can
be determined by the occupants.
Lighting control with motion sensors
integrated with security
Reduces energy use and increases
security
Natural and displacement ventilation. More efficient and effective distributionof ventilation
Use of economizers for free cooling. Energy efficiency.
Individual temperature and lighting
control
Improved comfort is shown to improve
productivity.
Radiant heating and cooling. Improved comfort, reduced energy use
After hours control of lights and HVAC
integrated with security
Improved security while reducing
energy use
Monitoring of IAQ and contaminants. Improved comfort, safety, and
productivity.
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THREE DIMENSIONS OF BUILDING
INTELLIGENCE
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To enable rapid
communicationwith outside world,
via the central
computer system
using optical fiber
installations,
microwave and
conventional
satellite links.
Advanced Telecommunication
Dubai Opera House
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY
BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
Intelligent buildingadjusts the inside
functional aspectssuch as lighting,ventilation, air
conditioning, etc.automatically with
the changes inenvironmentalconditions
controlled bycomputer
Ordinarybuilding there
will be differentroom
conditionsdepending on
the changes inthe
environmentalconditions.
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While planning anintelligent building,a Building service
engineer, anArchitect &
Hardware Engineer is required.
But in case of ordinary building, a
Building serviceengineer and an
Architect isenough.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY
BUILDINGS AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
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In an Intelligent Building, the security system,communication system, etc. are coordinated and
automatically controlled by computer work station.
The cost of construction of Intelligent Building is veryhigh as compared to an ordinary building.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORDINARY BUILDINGS
AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
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Da Vinci rotating tower
The development cost of an IntelligentBuilding is 8 - 10% higher than that of an ordinary building. But this can be
justified by the resulting energysaving, which is only 25 – 35% of
energy required by normal building.
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HOW BUILDINGS BECOME INTELLIGENT
The high technology concept of intelligent building systems
was introduced in United States in early 1980’s. An Intelligent
Building provides a productive and cost-effective environmentthrough the integration of Structure, Systems, Services, and
Management.
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Security
TelecommunicationSystems
Energy
Management
Comfort
Safety
M AJOR ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
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SECURITY
This includes controlling access, surveillance andcommunication
Access control : Access control restricts how and when
people enter and/or exit an area. Your particular needs willdetermine how that is accomplished. Access Control
Systems allow people or vehicles into a restricted area via
identification through coded keys, magnetic cards, or
biometric readers such as hand, face, voice, finger or
retina readers. These systems are used in many
businesses, hotels and apartment complexes.
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COMMON FEATURES OF ACCESS CONTROL
S YSTEMS
Limit access- Systems can be programmed to
allow certain users to enter specific areas only at
certain times. Other users can be allowed to enter
all locations at all times.
Automating – Systems can automatically lock a
door or gate each evening at a certain time and
unlock it automatically at another time.
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WORKING OF AN ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
1. First we need a barrier to prevent someone from
entering or exiting, such as a locked door or gate.
2. Next we need a way to determine who is trying to
enter.
3. A credential reader is used to read the information
on a key or card, to register a combination of
numbers entered on a pad or to identify some
characteristic that the user has, such as a
fingerprint the shape of a hand, a pattern in theeye, etc.
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4. This identifier is sent to a controller that has stored
a record of those identifiers that are authorized to
enter the area.
5. If the credential holder is authorized the controller
unlocks the gate or door and the credential holder
is allowed to enter.
6. In many systems a record of all authorized and
unauthorized credentials is stored in the system
for future reference.
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GADGETS
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FINGER PRINT LOCK
EASY AND SIMPLE INSTALLATION
UNLOCK BY FINGERPRINT OR CODE
CAN STORE UPTO 150 DIFFERENT FINGER
PRINTS
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RETINA BASED DOOR ACCESS SYSTEM
• Pre-stores the person's eye color and
its other physical
features.
• Scans retina, matches
it with the data stored
and only then the door
gets opened.
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VOICE AND VIDEO INTERCOM
This type of access control is most commonly used
in blocks of flats or apartments, where access to
the front door needs to be controlled remotely.
Communication between the internal phone and the
outside speaker is established, before authorizationto enter is granted
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CODE- BASED ACCESS S YSTEM
A secure pin code entered onto a touch screen is
required, before Access to a controlled area is
allowed
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SWIPE CARD ACCESS S YSTEM
Entrance to a secured area is allowed, through the
"swiping" of a pre-programmed card with magnetic
strip through a reader
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BIOMETRIC ACCESS S YSTEM
The newest technology in access control, biometric
systems verify a person's identity, by unique
physical characteristics, such as a fingerprint or
retina.
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S AFETY AND SURVEILLANCE
Intelligence with respect to life safety in an
intelligent building consists of the use of high
technology to maximize the performance of fire
alarm and security systems while at the same time
minimizing costs.
Life safety factors involved in intelligent buildingsinclude:
reduced manpower dependence,
closed-circuit television,
card access control, smoke detection,
intrusion alarms,
emergency control of elevators, doors and
uninterruptible power supplies.
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Surveillance
Helps in monitoring movement within and outside a building and
its periphery through camera (Closed-Circuit Television Camera) or
perimeter devices like intrusion alarms. Also helps in alerting the
security manager, in case of violation of pre-set norms.
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SAFETY
Fire protection systems pump water to the areas where the fireoccurs, so as to douse it automatically through sprinkler bulbs andalso manually through the fire brigade.
Sufficient water pressure should be maintained throughout.
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SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS
Early warning systems like smoke detection systems,
detects the fire at a very early stage and pinpoint to the
caretaker where exactly it is occurring, so that the fire is
extinguished locally through manual fire extinguishers.
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TELE COMMUNICATION
Intelligence with respect to telecommunications in
an intelligent building consists of the offering to
tenants of many sophisticated telecom features at a
considerably reduced cost due to the fact that the
equipment is shared by many users. Some of thetelecom features involved in intelligent buildings
are:
private telephone exchange systems,
cablevision, audio-visual and video-conferencing,
satellite communications and,
electronic mail, Intranets and Internet access
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TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Telecommunication Systems and Office Automation Systems like
the UPS and the Public Address system provides the required
support in the event of security violation or fire.
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BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND
INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
Energy-effective systems balance a building's electric light, daylight
and mechanical systems for maximum benefit.
Lighting Systems: Adding daylight to a building is one way toachieve an energy effective design. And with the reduced need for
electric light, a great deal of money can be saved on energy.
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E NVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
An intelligent building starts with an environmentally friendlydesign.
Creating a project that is environmentally friendly andenergy efficient ties in closely with many of the intelligentattributes.
Intelligent buildings are designed for long-termsustainability and minimal environmental impact throughthe selection of recycled and recyclable materials,construction, maintenance and operations procedures.
Providing the ability to integrate building controls, optimizeoperations, and enterprise level management results in asignificant enhancement in energy efficiency, lowering bothcost and energy usage compared to non-intelligentprojects.
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ECONOMY CONSIDERATION :
Creating an intelligent building does require aninvestment in advanced technology, processes, andsolutions.
An upfront investment is required to realize a
significant return later on. It is unrealistic to expect to make a project
intelligent unless there is early buy in oninvestment.
One of the challenges is to educate owners on thebenefits of an intelligent building design.
This makes the education of both owners andarchitects about the benefits of intelligent solutionscritical for success.
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EXAMPLES OF INTELLIGENT
BUILDINGS
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INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN INDIA
The need for Intelligent Buildings rose with the
emergence of the IT sector. IT firms need uninterrupted
working environment for 365 days a year. Some kind of
round the clock monitoring is also necessary.Techno-campus of Cognizant Technology Solutions,
Thoraipakkam on old Mamallapuram road is one of the
Intelligent buildings in India. It took 14 months to evolve
a fully integrated design plan and arrive at the IBMS
solution that covers security, safety and automation, and
since January 2004 the concept has been functional in the
400,000-sqft complex.
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Cognizant Technology Solutions' office at
Thoraipakkam, where an intelligent
building management system is in place
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SOME OF THE FEATURES OF THE IBMS AT
COGNIZANT
Smoke detection systems
Bio metric finger scanning systems
73 CCTV cameras
Control of HVAC
Control of water levels in overhead tanks
Automatic lighting control
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NIIT BUILDING
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TIDEL PARK CHENNAI
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GATE WAY TOWER AT GURGAON
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DAVINCI ROTATING TOWER
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BURJ KHALIFA DUBAI
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CONCLUSION
The intelligent building is clearly the building of the future.
The goal of having an intelligent building only starts with
early planning in the design stage.
In many ways, this mirrors the design and fulfillment of many green or LEED projects today, but it uses
technology to provide for a superior space.
There are enormous benefits to be gained by creating
intelligent buildings.
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With proper marketing such buildings will entice
tenants to sign on with a much greater ease.
By supporting the tenants in as many services as
possible the building owners also gain from the
profits realized from these services and tenantsprofit from the discounts to be had on their end as
well.
We need to continue to work as an industry to
quantify these benefits, educate owners andconsultants, and to deliver a superior product to the
market.