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CONTENTS• Introduction.• Microcontroller vs Microprocessor.• Architecture.• Pin diagram.• Pin configuration.• Memory Organisation.• Timers.• Interrupts.11/21/2015

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• Serial Communication.• Interfacing.

a) +5 volt power supply.b) switch interfacing.c) LED interfacing.d) 7-Segment display interfacing.e) LCD interfacing.f) ADC interfacing.g) keypad interfacing.h) relay interfacing.

• Applications. 11/21/2015

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INTRODUCTION• A single chip computer or A CPU with all the

peripherals like RAM, ROM, I/O, Timers, ADCs, etc on the same chip. OR• A microcontroller is meant to be more self- - contained and independent, and functions as a tiny, dedicated computer.

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FEATURES OF 8051• useful for small computing tasks.• adequate for many control and monitoring

application.• packaging(RAM,ROM,Timers on-chip).• Less power consumption.• Easily upgradable.• Cost per unit is less. • Availability of tools of microcontroller such as proteus(simulator) and keil(compiler).11/21/2015

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MICROPROCESSOR vs

• General purpose device.• do not contain on-chip I/O ports, Timers, ADC Memory etc.• used as CPU in computer.• design is complex and expensive.• it has zero status flag.

MICROCONTROLLER

• single chip computer.• it includes RAM ,ROM ,Timers, ADC, DAC, interrupts etc.• performs control oriented

applications.• simple and less expensive• it has no zero flag.

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TYPES OF ARCHITECTURES

1) Von-Neumann Architecture only one bus. used for both data transfer and instruction fetches. cannot be performed at same time.

2) Harvard Architecture Separate data and instruction buses. Transfers to be performed simultaneously on both

buses.

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ARCHITECTURE

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PIN DIAGRAM

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PIN CONFIGURATION ALE/PROG-: when this pin is high it latches the

low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is low during EPROM programming.

PSEN-: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory.

EA/VPP-: This pin is an active low pin connected to ground when microcontroller is accessing the program code stored in the external memory and connected to Vcc when it is accessing the program code in the on chip memory.

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PIN CONFIGURATION RST -: applying a high pulse to this pin, the

microcontroller will reset and terminate all activities. PORT 0 to 3 -: These are 8-bit bidirectional I/O

port. Port 0 does not contain any internal pull-ups. Alternate function of port 3are RxD, TxD, INT0, INT1,T0,T1,WR,RD.

XTAL1 & XTAL2 -: connected to oscillator amplifier.

VCC-: Supply voltage. VSS-: Circuit ground potential.

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MEMORY ORGANISATION

• Code Memory.• External RAM.• On-Chip Memory.• Internal RAM.• Special Function Register.• Machine Cycle.

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Code Memory holds the actual 8051 program. limited to 64K. may be both internal or external.

External RAM slow accessing speed. it gains in quantity. limited to 64K.

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On-Chip Memory It refers to that memory that physically exists on the microcontroller itself. Two types-a) Internal RAM.b) SFR(Special Function Register.) Total 256 bytes. Equal memory for RAM and SFR i,e 128bytes.

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SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER Accumulator. B Register. Program Status Word. Stack Pointer. Data Pointer. Ports 0 to 3. Timer Registers. Control Register.

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+5 VOLT POWER SUPPLY

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SWITCH INTERFACING

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LED INTERFACING

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7 SEGMENT INTERFACING

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LCD INTERFACING

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RELAY INTERFACING

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ADC INTERFACING

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MATRIX KEYPAD INTERFACING

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APPLICATION OF 8051 Automobile. Rail Transport. Industrial Processing. Remote sensing. Robotics. Consumer electronics. Security(e-commerce and smart cards). Medical. Defense application.11/21/2015

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THANK YOU

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