7th EnglishUnit 6Ch. 22

Each verb has four principal parts:1. Present—walk2. Present participle—(am) walking3. Past—walked4. Past participle—(have/has) walked These principal parts are used to make

verb tenses and forms

A verb is “regular” if it follows the rule or pattern

To form the past and past participle of regular verbs add -ed or -d to the present form.

Verbs are irregular if the past and past participle are NOT formed by adding -ed or -d to the end of the present form

Pages 357-358 give examples of these irregular verbs

Verb tense—the form of a verb that shows when something happens or when something exists

Principal parts used for each tense: Present principal part=present and future

tense Present participle principal

part=progressive form Past principal part=past tense Past participle principal part=perfect

tenses

Tense Basic Form Principal Part Used

Present

Past

Future

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Future Perfect

Tense Basic Form Principal Part Used

Present

Past

Future

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Future Perfect

If a verb contains the words “have” or “has” it will ALWAYS be present perfect

If a verb contains the word “had” it will ALWAYS be past perfect

Every tense has a progressive form If a verb ends in –ing then it is in the

progressive form Progressive form= a form of the verb

“be” + the present participle principal part of the verb

Ex: am walking

Tense Progressive Form Principal Part Used

Present

Past

Future

Present perfect

Past perfect

Future perfect

Tense Progressive Form Principal Part Used

Present

Past

Future

Present perfect

Past perfect

Future perfect

1. Ain’t—do NOT use itsay “am not” or “is not”

2. Did/done—only use “done” if you use “have,” “had,” or “has” before it (it needs a helping verb)

Ex: Incorrect—I already done my homework.

Ex: Correct—I have already done my homework.

3. Gone/went—use “gone” with “have,” has,” or “had,” don’t use “went” with those words

Principal parts of “go:” go—going—went—(have) gone

Ex: Incorrect—We should have went. Ex: Correct—We should have gone.

4. Have, of—be careful not to write “should of” when you really mean “should have”

5. Lay/lie lay—object

Principal parts: lay, laying, laid, (have) laid

lie—person Principal parts: lie, lying, lay, (have) lain

6. Raise/Rise Raise—usually refers to an object and

has a direct object. It means “to lift upward,” “to build

something,” “to grow something,” “to increase something”

Principal parts: raise, raising, raised, (have) raised

Rise—usually refers to a person It means “to get up,” “to go up,” “to

be increased” Principal parts: rise, rising, rose, (have)

risen

7. Saw—past tense/ past principal part of “see”Seen—only use with “have,” “had,” or “has”Ex: Incorrect—I seen the painting.Ex: Correct—I have seen the painting.

8. Set/Sit Set—refers to an object ‘ Principal parts: set, setting, set,

(have) set Ex: She set the book on the table. Sit—refers to a person Principal parts: sit, sitting, sat,

(have) sat Ex: She will sit in the chair.