Post on 16-Jan-2016
6.1: The Gilded Age—The Rise of Big Business & the Closing of the Western Frontier
Follow along in the student packet: “Content students MUST KNOW to be successful on the GHSGT” (p. 105-107)
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
IndustrializationIndustrialization
Reconstruction & Reconstruction & Rise of Jim CrowRise of Jim Crow
Ranching, Mining, FarmingRanching, Mining, Farming
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900The SouthThe South:
After the failure of Reconstruction in 1877, the
South entered the Jim Crow era
Sharecropping & Segregation
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The WestThe West:Farmers,
ranchers, & miners
closed the last of the frontier at
the expense of Indians
Mining was the 1st
attraction to the West;
Miners created “instant
towns” in areas where
gold or silver was discovered
Cattle Ranchers on the “Open Range”
The Farming Bonanza In 1862, the U.S. government began the Homestead ActHomestead Act which encouraged farmers to settle in the West by offering 160 acres of land to families who promised to live there for 5 yearsA pioneer sod house
1st transcontinentaltranscontinental railroad connected the west coast to eastern cities in 1869
Chinese workers made up a large percentage of laborers
on the western leg
Irish workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the eastern section
PopulistsPopulists were westerners who wanted“Free silver” (Bi-metalism)
Regulation of railroads
Income taxDirection election of senators
Native Native Americans Americans in the West: in the West:
Major Battles &
Reservations
• Little Big HornLittle Big Horn—Sioux surrounded & killed US Army division led by Custer
• Wounded KneeWounded Knee—Indians were killed to stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual
The Original Native Americans
Indian tribes retained only a few reservationsreservations
set aside by the U.S. government
USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900
The NorthThe North:Experienced an industrial revolution,
mass immigration, & urbanization
America became the world’s leader in railroad, steel, & oil production
“Big Business” MonopoliesMonopolies (truststrusts): Companies that controlled the majority of one industry:Rockefeller’s Standard Oil
Carnegie’s U.S. Steel
Vanderbilt’s railroads
Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?
“New Immigration” & Urbanization
Ellis Island was the primary receiving port for _________ immigrants. Asian immigrants were primarily processed at ______ Island in the San Francisco Bay.
European
Angel
Working & Living Conditions
The Thirteenth Amendment ended
sla
very
Bla
ck c
odes
the C
ivil
War
Jim
Cro
w L
aws
89%
0%0%11%
1. slavery 2. Black codes 3. the Civil War 4. Jim Crow Laws
10
The court case that established the "separate but equal" doctrine was
Mar
bury v
s. M
adis
on.
Dre
d Sco
tt vs
. San
ford
.
Mira
nda vs
. Ariz
ona.
Ple
ssy
vs. F
erguson.
33%
56%
0%
11%
1. Marbury vs. Madison. 2. Dred Scott vs.
Sanford. 3. Miranda vs. Arizona. 4. Plessy vs. Ferguson.
10
This labor union (created by Samuel Gompers) was open only to skilled,
white male workers
Am
eric
an Fed
erat
ion ..
Knig
hts o
f Lab
or.
Wobblie
s.
Nat
ional
Work
ers
Ass...
100%
0%0%0%
1. American Federation of Labor.2. Knights of Labor.3. Wobblies.4. National Workers Association.
10
Poor, run-down urban apartments were also called:
slu
ms
tenem
ents
suburb
s
sky
scra
pers
22%
0%
33%
44%
1. slums2. tenements3. suburbs4. skyscrapers
10
Outlawing the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the
Bat
tle o
f Litt
le B
ig H
orn
Bat
tle o
f Poto
wanam
i...
Mas
sacr
e at S
and C
r...
Bat
tle o
f Wounded
K...
56%
44%
0%0%
1. Battle of Little Big Horn2. Battle of Potowanamie Creek3. Massacre at Sand Creek.4. Battle of Wounded Knee.
10
The two factors that did most to encourage western settlement
after the Civil War were
the g
old ru
sh &
cat
tl...
the H
omes
tead
Act
& ..
.
rem
oval o
f the
buffal..
.
the re
mova
l of t
he In
...
11%
22%
11%
56%
1. the gold rush & cattle economy2. the Homestead Act & the railroad3. removal of the buffalo & Native
Americans from the plains4. the removal of the Indians & the
gold rush10
Which best explains why Standard Oil was so successful
inte
rlock
ing d
irect
orate
buyi
ng sto
cks
“on th
...
labor u
nions
horiz
ontal i
ntegra
tion
11%
56%
22%
11%
1. interlocking directorate2. buying stocks “on the margin”3. labor unions4. horizontal integration
10
Which population trend occurred in the U.S. from 1860 to 1920?
few
er E
aste
rn &
Sout..
.
the g
row
th o
f the
su...
peo
ple m
oved fr
om t.
.
gro
wth in
Am
eric
an c
i...
44%
33%
11%11%
1. fewer Eastern & Southern European immigrants coming to America
2. the growth of the suburbs3. people moved from the North to the
South4. growth in American cities
10
The size and power of John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company caused which of the following?
The
govern
men
t cre
at..
The
public a
ccep
ted t.
.
Man
y ot
her b
usines
...
Man
y wea
lthy
people
...
0% 0%0%0%
0
5
1. The government created anti-trust laws.
2. The public accepted the benefits of monopolies.
3. Many other businessmen entered the oil business.
4. Many wealthy people chose to give away millions of dollars.
10
Which of the following contributed MOST to the forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890?
the
desire
to e
stab
lis...
the
build
ing o
f new
c...
the
westw
ard s
hift o
f t..
the
desire
for m
ore la
..
0% 0%0%0%
0
5
1. the desire to establish military posts
2. the building of new canals
3. the westward shift of the frontier
4. the desire for more land to grow cotton
10
According to the pie charts on the previous slide, how did immigration to the United States change between 1854 and 1907?
The
perce
ntage
of i...
By
1907
, Russ
ia re
pl...
The
tota
l num
ber o
f ...
The
perce
ntage
of i...
0% 0%0%0%
1. The percentage of immigrants coming from Germany and Britain gradually increased.
2. By 1907, Russia replaced Britain as the source of the greatest number of immigrants.
3. The total number of immigrants coming to the United States declined.
4. The percentage of immigrants coming from southern and eastern Europe increased dramatically.
0
5
10