Post on 21-Jun-2015
description
Role of social capital in water management and adaptation to water scarcity in Srepok River Basin
in Dak Lak province, Vietnam
M’Nong people’s houses
Water port of M’Nong people
Cassava and maizecultivation
Paddy production
Water scarcity
Srepok River Basin
How to manage?How to adapt?
Livestock raising
Nguyen Thi Thiem, Vietnam
Coffee production
Research questions
• What are the main forms and dynamics of local water management and adaptation to water scarcity by people in Srepok River Basin in Daklak province?
• How are these forms of management and adaptation
linked or dependent on certain forms of social capital?
• To what extent is the effectiveness of these forms of water management and adaptation determined by the density of relevant social capital in the locality?
• What are the impacts of government management approach or schemes to existing social capital-based management?
HHHH
HH
HH
HH
HH
Villager
Villager
Villager
Villager
Institutions
Common waterresource
Water scarcity
Join in local government management
Join in groups and organizations
VillagerVillager
VillagerFormal institutions
Join in self-governance by entire community
To manage
To adapt
Villager
Three main forms of WM and adaptation
A shared drilled well by Household group
Shared water pumpingFacilities by HHs
Dug pond of HH group
Coffee garden
Shared dug canal of HH group
Reservoir managed bycommune government
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HHCooperation
Reciprocity
ExchangeTrust
Stream self-governed by entire community
Villager
Villager
Villager
Villager
Traditional institutions
Cooperation
Trust
Strict rule
Management
Water scarcity
Dug pond shared by household group
Adaptation
Concrete canal managed by commune government
Villager
Villager
Villager
Villager
Formalinstitutions
Social capital
Social capital Performance of WM & adaptation to WS
Pai Ar village: Strong village rule,
many groups, much exchange
Du Mah village: Weak village rule,
few groups, less exchange
Density Performance Functions
Decision making & plan
Water allocation
Resource mobilization
Maintain &protection
Governancestructure Mechanisms Outcomes
Comparative case study
Water scarcity context
Comparison between two villages
At community level
At household level
Diverse reciprocity and exchange between households
Findings Social capital
Strict rule ensures tight governance structure
Source: Group discussion, 2012
Governance structure
Strict rule village Weak rule village
Findings
Decision making and plan
Strict rule ensures a formal procedure of decision making & plan
Source: Group discussion, 2012
Strict rule
Weak rule
Findings
Decision making and plan
Strong rule enforcement involves participation and role of local people in decision making
Strong rule ensures decisive role of traditional institution trusted by people in decision making
Findings
Strict rule promote collective action and linkage among insiders against outsiders to protect water resources
Resource mobilization; maintenance and protectionFindings
The case 2 also indicates that
People give up economic value to protect water resources
Patterns and outcomes of water management affected by strong rule and weak ruleFindings
Very good
Good
Average
Poor
Household's assessment on water-port
27,27%
45,45%
27,27%
Du Mah Pai Ar
41,18%
47,06%
11,76%
Assessment village water port by surveyed households in two villages
Source: Household survey, 2013
Patterns and outcomes of water management affected by strong rule and weak ruleFindings
Patterns and outcomes of water management affected by strong rule and weak rule
Pai Ar’s water port - Strict rule village
Du Mah’s water port – Weak rule village
Source: Author’s field observation, October, 2012
Findings
Water management and adaptation by HH groups based on social capital
Source: Group interview, November, 2012
Sympathy and trust allow changing membership requirements into advantageous criteria for members
Findings
Decision making and plan
Trust promotes flexibly change of decision making & plan
Procedure of decision making and plan affected by social capital component
Findings
Water allocation
Rules of water allocation associates with the same production procedure andtechnique applied by all members that contributes to effective water use
Sympathy between members dominates water allocation
Resign right to use water to other members in case of serious water shortage
Reciprocity and exchange in water collection contribute to save time and timely provide water for the fields
Findings
Resource mobilization
Mechanism of resources contribution in groups affected by social capital
Findings
Outcomes
Social capital based WM and adaptation
Effectivie water allocationand use
More investment in WM and irrigation system
Creation newirrigation systems
Reduction cost of WM
Save time labor in WM and adaptation
Timely in water irrigation
Participatory approach
Findings
Household’s livelihood strategy coping with water scarcity based on social capitalFindings
Water management by local government of irrigation system and difference to social capital based management
Top-down approach
Poor design and management
Unequal distribution of water
Does not involve participation of local people, traditional institutions
Villagers broke the concrete canalbecause of inconvenience
Someone stop water flow for his fieldConcrete canal manged by
local government
Findings
Problems should be improved towards good water governance and adaptation
Weak linkage between villages which use and manage the same irrigation system
Findings
Problems should be improved towards good water governance and adaptation
Weak connection and cooperation between groups which are using the same water source
Findings
Recommendations
• Recommendations for strengthen the role of social capital in water management and adaptation to water scarcity
• Policy recommendations and measures for water management and adaptation to water scarcity at community level
• Recommendations for further research
Thank you for your attention and comments