Post on 11-Sep-2021
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5th Grade Grammar &
Vocabulary Skills
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Table of Contents
Nouns 3
Plural Nouns 7
Subjects 11
Verbs 14
Linking Verbs 18
Commas 19
Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences 26
Complex Sentences 30
Types of Sentences 33
Pronouns 35
Possessive Nouns 37
Subject -‐ Verb Agreement 40
Verb Tenses 43
Perfect Verb Tenses 49
Conjunctions 58
Prepositions 60
Interjections 63
Correlative Conjunctions 66
Titles of Books 68
Capitalization 70
Quotation Marks 73
Adjectives 78
Adverbs 83
Vocabulary (Prefixes & Suffixes) 88
Vocabulary (Homophones) 120
Greek and Latin Roots 132
Assessments 175-‐185
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Noun Review
A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
Look at the following examples.
The nouns are underlined.
Example 1
The boy went to the store.
boy = person store = place
Example 2
The picture hanging on the wall was beautiful.
picture = thing wall = thing
Guided Practice
Underline the nouns in the following sentences. Then tell if the noun is a person, place, thing,
or idea.
1. Much of the South was destroyed during the Civil War.
____________________, ____________________
2. Abraham Lincoln’s goal was to preserve the Union and end the Civil War as quickly as
possible.
____________________, ____________________, ____________________, ____________________
3. Andrew Johnson wanted to humiliate the wealthy southerners.
____________________, ____________________, ____________________
4. Congress wanted to punish the South.
____________________, ____________________, ____________________
NOUN = Person, Place, Thing, or Idea
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Nouns
Independent Practice
Write the nouns from the following sentences on the lines. Then tell whether the noun is a
person, place, thing, or idea.
Example
Cowboys drove the herds of cattle across the plains.
Cowboys – person, herds – thing, cattle – thing, plains – place
1. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery.
______________________________, ______________________________
2. The Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to all former slaves.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
3. The Fifteenth Amendment gave all men the right to vote.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________,
______________________________
4. Reconstruction helped former slaves to have hope.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
5. Many former slaves had to work as sharecroppers.
______________________________, ______________________________
6. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped establish schools and hospitals.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
7. Northerners who came to the South to take advantage of Southerners were called
carpetbaggers. ______________________________, ______________________________,
______________________________, ______________________________
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Nouns
Independent Practice Continued
8. Southerners that supported Reconstruction were called scalawags.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________
9. All of the plans for Reconstruction called for an end to slavery.
______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________,
______________________________
10. The South was rebuilt during Reconstruction.
______________________________, ______________________________
Writing
Write three to five sentences telling about something you could do to help someone else this
week. Then underline all of the nouns in the sentences. Remember, a noun is a person, place,
thing, or idea.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Nouns
Independent Practice
Underline the nouns in the sentences and then write the nouns in the correct box.
1. African Americans wanted to find their families.
2. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the
rights of the newly freed slaves.
3. Protection for the rights of African Americans was needed.
4. Most freedmen couldn’t purchase land because they did not have money.
5. Many freedmen worked as sharecroppers.
6. African Americans were able to vote and hold political office during the
Reconstruction period.
7. The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction.
8. After Reconstruction the Democrats won control of the southern state governments.
9. Terrorist groups like the KKK violated the constitutional fights of freedmen.
10. African Americans established strong communities in the South.
Person/People Place Thing Idea African Americans Families
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Plural Nouns
Plural nouns name more than one person, place, thing, or idea. There are different ways to
form plural nouns. Look at the examples below to help you know how to spell plural nouns.
• Rule 1: Usually you just add s to a singular noun to make it plural.
paper/papers drink/drinks school/schools
• Rule 2: However, if a singular noun ends in ch, sh, x, z, s, or ss, then you need to add
es to make the noun plural.
fox/foxes bush/bushes dish/dishes
• Rule 3: When a noun ends in a vowel and y, then just add s.
toy/toys key/keys donkey/donkeys
• Rule 4: If a singular noun ends in a consonant followed by y, then change the y to i
and add es to make the noun plural.
baby/babies city/cities candy/candies
• Rule 5: For nouns that end in f or fe, change the f or fe to v and add es.
knife/knives half/halves shelf/shelves
• Rule 6: For most nouns that end in o, just add an s to make it plural. All nouns that
end in a vowel and an o just need an s added in the plural form.
solo/solos logo/logos studio/studios
• Rule 7: Some nouns that end in o are spelled with es to make the plural.
buffalo/buffaloes hero/heroes tomato/tomatoes
• Rule 8: Some nouns do not follow these rules. They are irregular plural forms.
The spelling of these nouns will need to be memorized.
ox/oxen mouse/mice child/children
• Rule 9: Some nouns do not change from singular to plural. These nouns have the
same singular and plural forms.
fish/fish moose/moose headquarters/headquarters
sheep/sheep species/species deer/deer
series/series cattle/cattle offspring/offspring
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Plural Nouns -‐ Guided Practice
Use rule 1 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. paper
2. minute
3. ski
4. sprout
5. chair
Use rule 2 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. church
2. box
3. gas
4. sandwich
5. kiss
Use rule 3 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. delay
2. survey
3. donkey
4. boy
5. day
Use rule 4 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. country
2. puppy
3. family
4. gallery
5. reality
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. hoof
2. self
3. wolf
4. thief
5. shelf
Use rule 6 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. piano
2. video
3. studio
4. radio
5. memo
Use rule 7 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. hero
2. tomato
3. echo
4. buffalo
5. zero
Use rule 8 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. species
2. child
3. woman
4. man
5. person
Use rule 5 to complete the chart.
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Plural Nouns -‐ Independent Practice
Use rule 1 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. school
2. hand
3. pencil
4. flower
5. plastic
Use rule 2 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. reflex
2. bus
3. dress
4. buzz
5. wish
Use rule 3 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. alley
2. play
3. ray
4. tray
5. way
Use rule 4 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. beauty
2. berry
3. party
4. trophy
5. victory
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. wolf
2. loaf
3. calf
4. scarf
5. leaf
Use rule 6 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. photo
2. typo
3. avocado
4. kangaroo
5. taco
Use rule 7 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. potato
2. mango
3. mosquito
4. veto
5. volcano
Use rule 8 to complete the chart.
Singular Noun Plural Noun
1. goose
2. cactus
3. foot
4. mouse
5. scissors
Use rule 5 to complete the chart.
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Plural Nouns -‐ Independent Practice
Write the plural form of the noun and then tell which rule you used.
Singular Noun Plural Noun Rule #
Church
Pass
Mess
Moose
Nanny
Fox
Elf
Foot
Bus
Boat
Fly
Hat
Life
Glass
Way
Child
Photo
Torpedo
Person
Fish
Marsh
Buzz
Fairy
Wish
Variety
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Subject Review
A subject is a noun that tells who or what the sentence is about.
Example 1
The boy went to the store.
Who went to the store? Boy
Example 2
The large machine made a lot of noise.
What made a lot of noise? Machine
Guided Practice
Underline the subject in the following sentences. Remember, a subject must be a noun.
Look back to page 2 to see the nouns that have already been identified.
1. Much of the South was destroyed during the Civil War.
2. People could travel west on the Transcontinental Railroad.
3. Andrew Johnson wanted to humiliate the wealthy southerners.
4. Congress wanted to punish the South.
5. Southerners passed Black Codes to limit the freedom of former slaves.
Subject = Noun
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Subjects
Independent Practice
Underline the subject in the following sentences. Remember, a subject must be a noun.
Look back to pages 3 and 4 to see the nouns that have already been identified.
1. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery.
2. The Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to all former slaves.
3. The Fifteenth Amendment gave all men the right to vote.
4. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the
rights of the newly freed slaves.
5. Reconstruction helped former slaves to have hope.
6. Many former slaves had to work as sharecroppers.
7. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped establish schools and hospitals.
8. Northerners who came to the South to take advantage of Southerners were called
carpetbaggers.
9. Scalawags were Southerners that supported Reconstruction.
10. All of the plans for Reconstruction called for an end to slavery.
11. The South was rebuilt during Reconstruction.
12. Black Codes would not allow a black man to testify in court against white man.
13. Black Codes allowed African American children who did not have parents to be
apprenticed to work for white men.
14. Southerners did not want to give up their way of life.
15. People who opposed slavery did not believe anyone had the right to own anyone a
person.
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Subjects
Independent Practice
Underline the subject in the following sentences. Remember, a subject must be a noun.
Look back to page 5 to see the nouns that have already been identified.
1. African Americans wanted to find their families.
2. Protection for the rights of African Americans was needed.
3. Most freedmen couldn’t purchase land because they did not have money.
4. Many freedmen worked as sharecroppers.
5. African Americans were able to vote and hold political office during the
Reconstruction period.
6. The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction.
7. After Reconstruction the Democrats won control of the southern state governments.
8. Terrorist groups like the KKK violated the constitutional fights of freedmen.
9. African Americans established strong communities in the South.
Writing
Write three to four sentences describing someone you know who is a kind person. Then
underline the subject in each sentence. Remember, a subject is a noun.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Verb Review
An action verb shows action.
The verb tells who or what the subject does.
Example 1
Sarah dances everyday.
What does Sarah do? Dances
Example 2
Fred plays baseball.
What does Fred do? Plays
Guided Practice
You have already found the nouns and the subject of these sentences on previous pages.
Now, circle the verb in each sentence that shows the action of the subject.
5. Much of the South was destroyed during the Civil War.
6. People could travel west on the Transcontinental Railroad.
7. Andrew Johnson wanted to humiliate the wealthy southerners.
8. Congress wanted to punish the South.
9. Southerners passed Black Codes to limit the freedom of former slaves.
Verb = Action
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Verbs
Independent Practice
You have found the nouns and the subject of each of these sentences on previous pages. Now
underline the verb that shows the action of the subject.
1. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery.
2. The Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to all former slaves.
3. The Fifteenth Amendment gave all men the right to vote.
4. The three Reconstruction amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the
right of the newly freed slaves.
5. Reconstruction helped former slaves to have hope.
6. Many former slaves had to work as sharecroppers.
7. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped establish schools and hospitals.
8. Northerners who came to the South to take advantage of Southerners were called
carpetbaggers.
9. Southerners that supported Reconstruction were called Scalawags.
10. All of the plans for Reconstruction called for an end to slavery.
11. The South was rebuilt during Reconstruction.
12. Black Codes would not allow a black man to testify in court against white man.
13. Black Codes allowed African American children who did not have parents to be
apprenticed to work for white men.
14. Southerners did not want to give up their way of life.
15. People who opposed slavery did not believe anyone had the right to own anyone a
person.
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Verbs -‐ Independent Practice
You have found the nouns and the subject of each of these sentences on previous pages. Now
underline the verb that shows the action of the subject.
1. African Americans wanted to find their families.
2. The three Reconstruction amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the
right of the newly freed slaves.
3. When Reconstruction ended there was not protection for the rights of African
American.
4. Most freedmen couldn’t purchase land because they did not have money.
5. Many freedmen worked as sharecroppers.
6. African Americans were able to vote and hold political office during the
Reconstruction period.
7. The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction.
8. After Reconstruction the Democrats won control of the southern state governments.
9. Terrorist groups like the KKK violated the constitutional fights of freedmen.
10. African Americans established strong communities in the South.
Writing -‐ How does it make you feel when you see someone treated wrong? Underline the
verb in each sentence.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Subject and Verb Practice
Remember, the subject has to be a ____________________.
The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.
The verb shows ____________________.
Usually the subject comes before the verb.
Underline the subject and circle the verb.
1. This book was written a long time ago.
2. Most children watch too much television.
3. Kindness should be given to everyone.
4. Some dogs bark too much.
5. Some people swim for exercise.
6. The wind whispered through the forest.
7. Cell phones are very popular among teenagers.
8. The painting fit in the large frame.
9. Do you like to read?
10. Have you ever visited Washington D.C.?
11. The house was built quickly.
12. The chef cooked a great meal.
13. The man drove a nice car.
14. The boys wrestled each other for the football.
15. Birds sing every morning.
A sentence
needs a subject & a verb.
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Linking Verb Review
A linking verb does not show action, but connects or links the subject to the rest of the
sentence. Some examples of linking verbs are the following.
am, is, are, was, were, has, become, seem, feel, look
Example 1
Sarah is pretty.
Example 2
They were happy.
Guided Practice
Underline the linking verb in each sentence.
1. The Wright Brothers are famous for inviting the airplane.
2. Electricity was a great invention.
3. Immigrants were attracted to the jobs created by big businesses in America.
4. Inventions became very important to the American economy.
5. Big business owners were very wealthy.
Independent Practice
Underline the linking verb in each sentence.
1. Basketball is an international sport that was invented many years ago.
2. Today’s inventions look different than they used to look.
3. Many women were happy when the washing machine was invented.
4. Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone.
5. People were happy to have electricity.
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Commas
Always use commas to separate a series of three or more things.
Example:
He likes to play basketball, football, and soccer.
Some people like to go skiing, sledding, or ice skating in the winter.
Guided Practice
Rewrite the sentences and add commas where they belong in the sentences.
1. The Freedmen’s Bureau was set up in the South to provide food schools and medical
care. __________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Black Codes denied African Americans the right to vote own guns take certain jobs or
own land. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Reconstruction was needed in the South because the land had been damaged the
Southern economy was destroyed and the Confederate government was powerless.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction included the 10% Plan going easy on the South and
allowing Ex-‐Confederate soldiers to participate in the new government.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use a comma in a series of 3 or more
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Commas
Independent Practice
Rewrite the sentences and add commas where they belong in the sentences.
1. The Freedmen’s Bureau was established for refugees freedmen and abandoned lands.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The goal of the KKK was to use violence intimidation and voter fraud against African
Americans. ___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Mountain ranges rivers and deserts formed obstacles for settlers who wanted to move
westward. ____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The major rivers systems of the West that had to be crossed by settlers were the
Mississippi the Columbia the Colorado and the Snake Rivers. __________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Summers brought drought extreme heat dust storms and swarms of insects that made
it difficult for settlers traveling westward. ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. The Transcontinental Railroad made a way to travel across the United States helped
transport goods across the country and helped the economy. ___________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Commas
Always use a comma to separate the name of someone being addressed.
Example:
Tom, do you like sports?
We need to go to the store, Joe.
I need to go to the store, Joe, to get some milk.
Guided Practice
Place a comma in the sentence where it belongs.
1. Mr. Smith did you grade my homework?
2. Did you grade my homework Mr. Smith?
3. Would you grade my homework Mr. Smith so I can correct it?
4. Sarah please put the biscuits in the oven.
5. I would like to visit the museum Fred.
Independent Practice
Rewrite the sentences and add commas where they belong in the sentences.
1. Did you know that the Wright Brothers started the aircraft industry Brian?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Mrs. Jones I discovered that the light bulb changed working habits of Americans.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Use a comma
when addressing someone.
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Commas -‐ Independent Practice Continued
3. Edison’s invention led to the creation of General Electric Company Mr. Simpson which
provided many jobs.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Sally did you know many immigrants were attracted to the jobs in America that were
created by big businesses?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Susan can you believe that immigrants worked for low wages and helped American
businesses grow?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Ben many unemployed farmers moved to the city to search for industrial work in the
early 1900s.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Immigrants faced resistance from native-‐born Americans for a variety of reasons Tim.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Did you know that immigrants Christi created ethnic neighborhoods in the cities?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Commas
Always use a comma to set off the words yes and no at the
beginning of a sentence or to set off a tag question from the
rest of the sentence.
Example:
Yes, I want to go to the store.
No, I do not want to go to the store.
It’s true, isn’t it?
Yes, I like music, don’t you?
Guided Practice
Use the appropriate editing mark to insert a comma where it belongs.
1. No he does not want a drink.
2. Yes thank you she does want another serving.
3. You won didn’t you?
Answer each question with a sentence. Be sure to include yes or no at the beginning of the
sentence.
4. Do you want to go to the museum?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Do you like ice cream?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use a comma after yes or no at the beginning of a sentence.
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Commas
Independent Practice
Rewrite each sentence adding the correct punctuation (commas and end punctuation).
1. No we do not want to have homework tonight
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Yes she does look beautiful in her new dress
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The new shopping mall isn’t very far from here is it
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Yes I plan to go to college to get a degree in teaching
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. You like it don’t you
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Yes I do don’t you
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Yes I completed my homework
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. He graduated from Harvard didn’t he
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Commas
Use the following instruction to help you.
1. Always use commas to separate a series of three or more things.
2. Always use a comma to separate the name of someone being addressed.
3. Always use a comma to set off the words yes and no at the beginning of a sentence.
4. Always use a comma to set off a tag question from the rest of the sentence.
Independent Practice
Place a comma where one belongs in the following sentences.
1. Dogs like treats warm beds and a pat on the back.
2. No Fred does not have a dog.
3. Yes Ted does have a dog.
4. You have a dog don’t you?
5. Mindy do you have dog?
6. Yes you can pet the dog.
7. Timmy do you have a leash we can borrow?
8. The dog is beautiful isn’t it?
9. Yes it is.
10. Mom would you buy a dog?
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Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences
A conjunction is a connecting word. The most common conjunctions are and, but, and or.
Always use a conjunction and a comma to connect two simple sentences into one compound
sentence.
Why should you use a compound sentence? A compound
sentence may help to create better sentence fluency.
Examples
AND
Use the conjunction ‘and’ to connect two similar thoughts.
Example: I washed the car. I cleaned my room.
I washed the car, __________ I cleaned my room.
BUT
Use the conjunction ‘but’ to connect contrasting thoughts.
Example: She wanted to go to the store. He wanted to go to the park.
She wanted to go to the store, __________ he wanted to go to the park.
OR
Use the conjunction ‘or’ to show alternative thoughts.
Example: We can go to the water park. We can go to the swimming pool.
We can go the water park, __________ we can go to the swimming pool.
.
Use a conjunction & a comma to join two simple sentences.
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Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences
Guided Practice
1. When do you use the conjunction ‘and’?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. When do you use the conjunction ‘but’?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. When do you use the conjunction ‘or’?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What two things do you need to join two simple sentences into one compound
sentence?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use the conjunction given to combine the two simple sentences into a compound sentence.
5. Science is an ongoing process. There is always more to learn. (and)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
6. There are many skills a scientist can use. The six basic process skills are essential.
(but) __________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. All of the your senses may be needed for an observation. You may only need to use
one of your senses for an observation. (or)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences
Independent Practice
Use the conjunction given to combine the two simple sentences into a compound sentence.
1. Abraham Lincoln wanted to be easy on the South after the Civil War. The Radical
Republicans wanted to be hard on the South. (but) _____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
1. African Americans could stay in the South and become sharecroppers. African
Americans could move north to find a job. (or) _________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The 13th Amendment freed the slaves everywhere in the United States. The 14th
amendment gave African Americans citizenship in the U.S.A. (and) ___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The 15th amendment gave African Americans the right to vote. Some people in the
South tried to keep African Americans from voting by administering literacy tests.
(but) __________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Abraham Lincoln’s goal was to preserve the Union. Abraham Lincoln wanted to end
the Civil War as quickly as possible. (and) _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences
Independent Practice
Use a comma and a conjunction to join the two simple sentences. Write the new compound
sentence.
1. Inferences are important. You must make observations before you can make an
inference. (but)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Quantitative observations are observations that can be measured with numbers.
Qualitative observations are observations that are made with your senses. (and)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. You can communicate information through talking. Communication can take place
through a written form. (or)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Scientists use process skills. These skills help scientists to gather information. (and)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Complex Sentences
A complex sentence is a sentence with an independent clause that can stand alone as a
sentence and at least one dependent clause that cannot stand alone.
Example:
SIMPLE SENTENCES
Her friend was invited to the party. She did not want to go.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Her friend was invited to the party, but she did not want to go.
COMPLEX
Although her friend was invited to the party, she did not want to go.
Guided Practice
In the following sentences identify the independent clause and the dependent clause.
Example:
1. Even though there are many skills a scientist can use, there are six basic process skills
that are essential.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
2. Even though some science investigations do not require quantitative observations,
there are some that require both quantitative and qualitative observations.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
You’ve got this!
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Complex Sentences
Independent Practice
1. Although the Wright Brothers originally built bicycles, they developed a love for
aviation.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
2. Before the light bulb, factory workers could only work during daylight hours.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
3. After the invention of the light bulb, factories had longer working hours that their
employees worked.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
4. Even though some Americans welcomed immigrants, there were others that did not
want immigrants to come to America.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
5. Even though immigrants were not always welcomed, they supplied a great part of the
labor force that helped to make the U.S. the world’s largest industrial power.
Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________
Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________
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Compound and Complex Sentence Review
Independent Practice
Determine what type of sentence and write compound or complex for each sentence.
1. After practicing for several months, he made the team! ____________________
2. If you want to be healthy, you should exercise often. ____________________
3. I like to go to the park, and I like to watch movies. ____________________
4. When the weather is nice people like to go to the park. ____________________
5. He likes to play softball, but he can’t play today. ____________________
6. She cooked dinner, and he cleaned the dishes. ____________________
7. Since she studied for the test she did well on the test. ____________________
8. Fred wants to go outside, but first he must do his homework. ____________________
9. Do you like to use a pencil, or do you like to use a pen? ____________________
10. If it rains today, we will play inside. ____________________
Writing
Write a paragraph about your favorite thing to do. You must include at least one compound
sentence or one complex sentence.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
33
Types of Sentences
A declarative sentence makes a statement. It declares something. It ends with a period.
Inventions helped to promote industrial growth in the late 19th century.
An interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark.
When did the economy change from being based on agriculture to being
based more on the production of manufactured goods?
An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It ends with a period. The
subject (you) is not shown, but understood.
Please turn on the electricity.
An exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation mark.
People were so excited to travel west on the Transcontinental Railroad!
Guided Practice
Write whether each sentence is declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory.
Underline the subject in each sentence one time and circle the verb.
1. Did you know that when the railroads crossed the plains they affected the bison that
had freely wandered there? ____________________
2. They finally had cash crops, such as corn and wheat, that provided profits!
____________________
3. Andrew Carnegie developed the Bessemer process, which converted iron into steel.
____________________
4. Tell me about the Chinese workers who helped build the railroad from west to east.
____________________
34
Independent Practice
Write 2 examples of each type of sentence.
Declarative Sentences
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Interrogative Sentences
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Imperative Sentences
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Exclamatory Sentences
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
35
Pronoun Review
Pronouns are words that take the place of a noun or noun phrase.
Singular Pronouns: I, me, you, she, her, he, him, it
Plural Pronouns: we, us, you, they, them
Possessive Pronouns are pronouns that show ownership.
Examples of Possessive Pronouns
Used Before a Noun: my, your, her, his, its, our, their
Used By Itself: mine, your, hers, his, ours, theirs
Guided Practice
Underline the pronoun or pronouns in each sentence.
Underline each action or linking verb.
1. It is really cool.
2. My dog barks a lot, doesn’t he?
3. Those toys belong to her.
4. Did you catch it?
5. They wanted to eat hamburgers.
6. Those clothes belong to them.
7. We talked for hours.
8. That new car is ours.
9. You will love the beach!
10. Will you bring them with us?
Pronouns take the place of a noun.
36
Independent Practice
Circle the pronoun that best replaces the underlined word in each sentence.
1. Explorers and mountain men followed the Native American trails when they traveled
west and the trails helped the explorers and mountain men. (them, it)
2. The railroad stretched from east to west and the railroad made traveling much faster.
(them, it)
3. The railroad helped get crops to market where the crops could be sold. (theirs, they)
4. Ranchers and cowboys cooperated to develop the cattle industry and ranchers and
cowboys helped each other. (it, they)
5. European immigrants built the Union Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad
stretched from east to west. (its, it)
6. The Central Pacific Railroad was built from the west to the east and the Central Pacific
Railroad met the Union Pacific Railroad in Utah. (they, it)
7. The weather affected the settlers who traveled west so the settlers had to time their
trip at the right time of the year. (them, they)
8. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, but Alexander Graham Bell did not
invent the light bulb. (him, he)
9. Many labor saving devices were invented for the home, and people liked labor saving
devices. (it, them)
10. Andrew Carnegie had a monopoly in the steel industry, and this made Andrew
Carnegie wealthy. (it, him)
11. Rockefeller had a monopoly in the oil industry and Rockefeller was rich. (him, he)
37
Possessive Nouns
1. A singular possessive noun shows what belongs to that one person, place, or thing.
a. To make a singular possessive noun, add an apostrophe (‘) and s.
Example: the fur of a dog the dog’s fur
2. A plural possessive noun shows that more than person, place, or thing has or owns
something.
a. When a plural noun ends in s, add an apostrophe after the s.
Example: the berries on the bushes the bushes’ berries
b. When a plural noun does not end in s, add an apostrophe and s.
Example: The smiles of children the children’s smiles
Guided Practice
Circle the correct possessive noun in parenthesis to complete each sentence.
1. The (teacher’s/teachers’) voice is not loud.
2. She told about the many (culture’s/cultures’) stories.
3. The (children’s/childrens’) toys are fun!
4. The (turtle’s/turtles’) eggs are buried in the sand.
5. These (storie’s/stories’) characters are funny.
6. Did you see that (bird’s/birds’) nest?
7. Some types of (bird’s/birds’) nests are on the ground.
8. Those (women’s/womens’) clothes are fancy.
9. Your (teeth’s/teeths’) enamel is strong.
A possessive noun shows ownership.
38
Possessive Nouns -‐ Independent Practice
Circle the correct possessive noun in parenthesis to complete each sentence. You can use the
examples on the previous page as a help.
1. A (mixture’s/mixtures’) substances can be separated from each other.
2. Those (solution’s/solutions’) substances cannot be distinguished as separate
substances.
3. The (liquid’s/liquids’) solid particles can be separated using filtration.
4. The (recipe’s/recipes’) directions said to sift the flour to make separate smaller solid
particles.
5. Those (magnet’s/magnets’) magnetic force is strongest at the poles.
6. The (solution’s/solutions’) particles were separated through evaporation.
7. The (solution’s/solutions’) solutes can be separated and analyzed through
chromatography.
8. The water in the (substance’s/substances’) solution is the solvent.
9. A (solid’s/solids’) particles are very close together.
10. (Chromatography’s/chromatographys’) purpose is to separate a mixture.
Writing
Write one or two sentences about something that belongs to someone you know. Be sure to
use a possessive noun to show ownership.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
39
Possessive Nouns
Independent Practice Part 2
Add an apostrophe to each underlined possessive noun. Rewrite the noun on the line.
1. Young childrens books aren’t as lengthy as books for older children and teenagers.
________________________________________
2. Some of our textbooks information needs to be updated.
______________________________
3. When the dogs toy squeaks, the dog runs around in circles. ______________________________
4. Birds beaks are shaped in a way to help them obtain food.
______________________________
5. When the boy arrived at school, his backpacks zipper was stuck and he couldn’t get it
open. ______________________________
6. The two families children play together at the park almost every day.
______________________________
7. The dogs crate was large enough to fit two dogs inside of it.
______________________________
8. The skies color was a beautiful soft orange.
______________________________
9. When will we go see the zoos new exhibit that was advertised on television?
______________________________
10. Every teams mascot in his town is an animal.
______________________________
40
Subject-‐Verb Agreement
Subject-‐verb agreement is not difficult. It usually does not sound correct when a subject and
a verb do not agree. In order to have subject-‐verb agreement, follow these rules.
When you have a singular subject you must have a verb that ends in s, es, or ies.
1. If the subject is a singular noun, add s or es to most verbs. If a verb ends in a
consonant and y, change the y to i before adding es.
Example: Joe mows the yard.
Joe washes the car.
Joe carries the groceries inside.
2. If the subject is a plural noun, do not add s or es to the
verb.
Example: Dogs bark loudly.
Trees sway in the wind.
3. Use the linking verb is with a singular subject.
4. Use the linking verb are with a plural subject.
Guided Practice
Circle the correct form of the verb in parenthesis to complete each sentence.
1. Gas (expand/expands) to fill its container.
2. Liquids (change/changes) into a solid at freezing temperatures.
3. Solids (is/are) are not going to change shape.
4. Water (is/are) the universal solvent.
You need to be sure the subjects & verbs agree.
41
Subject-‐Verb Agreement
Independent Practice
Circle the correct form of the verb in parenthesis to complete each sentence.
1. Concentrated solutions (contain/contains) more solute.
2. An object (expand/expands) as it gains heat.
3. Lemonade mix (is/are) a solute.
4. A chemical change (create/creates) a new substance.
5. Clouds (is/are) created from water that has evaporated.
6. An example of a solution (is/are) salt water.
7. Matter (is/are) anything that has volume and takes up space.
8. A liquids shape (change/changes) according to the shape of its container.
9. The rate of dissolving (is/are) affected by several factors.
10. If the temperature (increase/increases), then the solute will dissolve more quickly.
11. Smaller particles (dissolve/dissolves) quicker than larger particles.
12. Solutes (dissolve/dissolves) faster if they are stirred.
13. Particles in a solid (stay/stays) in the same place.
14. Particles in a liquid (is/are) close to one another, but can move apart from each other.
15. Particles in a gas (move/moves) far apart from each other and spread out through the
available space.
42
Subject-‐Verb Agreement
Independent Practice
Edit the following essay to correct the ten errors in subject-‐verb agreement. Cross out the
incorrect verb form and write the correct form above it. Make sure subjects are used with
the correct verb form.
Spring are the most amazing time of the year for several reasons. First of all,
the weather become warmer in spring, and the daylight last longer. Kids are able to
run outside without a coat and play longer with their friends! Don’t you just love
having more daylight everyday? Spring are like an unexpected present when it finally
arrive.
Spring is also an amazing time of the year because of Spring Break! Families
can go on vacation and enjoys the beautiful spring weather! Kids gets to sleep in and
take a break from homework. After spring break, everyone feel refreshed!
Finally, spring is amazing because it are quite simply a beautiful time of the
year. The flowers blooms in spring, and the trees grow their leaves again. It is like
everything in nature wakes up! Spring is definitely the most amazing time of the year!
43
Verb Tense Review
Present tense verbs show actions that are currently happening.
In order to make the verb agree with a singular subject, then just add s or es in most cases.
Example: The soccer player kicks the ball. The little boy catches fireflies.
Do not add s or es to make the verb agree with a plural subject.
Example: Soccer players kick the ball. Little boys catch fireflies.
Past tense verbs show actions that have happened before the current time.
In order to show past tense, just add ed to most verbs. However, you will need to change the
spelling of some regular verbs before you add ed.
• Rule 1: For verbs that end in e, drop the e and add ed: believed, baked
• Rule 2: If the verb ends in a consonant and y, change the y to i and add ed: scurried,
tried
• Rule 3: One-‐syllable verbs that end in one vowel followed by one consonant need to
have the consonant doubled and then add ed: tipped, planned
• Rule 4: Some verbs are irregular verbs. You do not add ed to irregular verbs in the
past tense. These verbs do not follow a pattern. Some of these verbs include the
following verbs: sang, bought, and went.
Future tense verbs show action that will happen in the future. In order to make the future
tense, add the helping verb will.
Example: She will win the race. It will rain tomorrow.
44
Verb Tense Review -‐ Guided Practice
1. What are present tense verbs? _____________________________________________________________
2. When do you add s or es to present tense verbs? ________________________________________
3. What are past tense verbs: _________________________________________________________________
4. How do you change the spelling of verbs that end in e? _________________________________
5. How do you spell past tense verbs that end in y? __________________________________________
6. How do you spell verbs that end in one vowel followed by one consonant?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What are future tense verbs? ______________________________________________________________
8. How do you show future tense? ___________________________________________________________
Underline the verb in each sentence. Write present, past, or future.
_______________ 9. The rabbit hopped across the field.
_______________ 10. The dog barks all day.
_______________ 11. The birds will fly south for the winter.
Write the correct tense for each verb, making the verb agree with a singular subject. The last
verb is an irregular verb.
VERB PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Succeed
Jump
Kick
Love
Think
45
Verb Tense Review
Independent Practice
Underline the verb in each sentence. Write present, past, or future.
_______________ 1. Settlers plowed the land of the plains region after
they realized it was good for growing certain crops.
_______________ 2. The railroad companies owned thousands of acres
of land.
_______________ 3. Coal burning engines require more mining, which
impacts the environment.
_______________ 4. The settler said, “We will acquire land through the
Homestead Act.”
_______________ 5. Ranchers and cowboys cooperated to develop the cattle raising industry.
_______________ 6. They will move to an unpopulated area.
_______________ 7. Sometimes immigrants receive lower wages, but they are still willing to
work.
_______________ 8. Did you finish building the railroad?
_______________ 9. They will move west someday.
_______________ 10. The Transcontinental Railroad impacted the development of the West in
many ways.
Check the verb tense!
46
Verb Tense: Independent Practice
Write a sentence using the verb and verb tense given.
1. the present tense of cook
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. the past tense of cook
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. the future tense of cook
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. the present tense of plan
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. the past tense of plan
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. the future tense of plan
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. the present tense of try
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. the past tense of try
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. the future tense of try
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
47
Writing – Use the tense in parenthesis in your writing. Underline the verbs.
Write a paragraph describing something you have done in the past. (past tense)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Write a paragraph describing something you are involved in right now. (present tense)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Write a paragraph describing something you plan to do in the future. (future tense)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
48
Verb Tense Spelling Review -‐ Independent Practice
Write the correct tense for each verb, making the verb agree with a singular subject. The last
ten verbs are irregular verbs. Write the rule used from page 43 for the past tense verbs.
VERB PRESENT PAST RULE # FUTURE
Believe
Destroy
Inherit
Surprise
Apply
Swap
Annoy
Smile
Slam
Hurry
Free
Travel
Copy
Plan
Consider
Grow
Freeze
Tell
Think
Swing
Send
Write
Bring
Hear
Draw
49
Perfect Verb Tense
Past Perfect
The past perfect verb tense shows action that has happened before another action at a
certain time in the past. It can also show something that occurred before a certain time.
Signal Words
1. Had
Guided Practice
Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with had, to form the past perfect tense.
1. He ________________________________________ a present before it was his birthday. (receive)
2. Emma ________________________________________ her baby brother until today.
(not seen)
3. Fred ________________________________________ his mom at work before he went to his
friend’s house. (call)
4. The family ________________________________________ their house since the day they first saw
it. (love)
5. The pencil ________________________________________ before the test.
(been sharpen)
Past Perfect
50
Perfect Verb Tenses
Past Perfect
Independent Practice
Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with had, to form the past perfect tense.
1. My dog ________________________________________ onto my lap before my other dog could.
(jump)
2. She ________________________________________ around the world before she was eighteen.
(travel)
3. The children ________________________________________ the dogs before they went outside.
(feed)
4. He ________________________________________ a marathon before he was twenty-‐one.
(complete)
5. The girl ________________________________________ her lunch without waiting for the others.
(eat)
6. He ________________________________________ for over ten hours. (sleep)
7. The train ________________________________________ the station an hour ago. (left)
8. The construction workers ________________________________________ the house early.
(finish)
9. The principal ________________________________________ we could have a pep rally before the
next game. (said)
10. The boy was not hungry. He ________________________________________ too much candy.
(eat)
51
Perfect Verb Tenses
Writing Past Perfect Tense
Remember, the past perfect verb tense shows action that has happened before another action at a certain time in the past. Pretend you have a dog that can talk and you have to help your dog to not get into trouble so you can keep him. Write descriptive “if” statements using past perfect. Be sure to use at least two examples of past perfect tense and underline all examples. For example: “If you had chewed your bone instead of the furniture, you would not have had to sleep outside.” Write a story (at least a paragraph) about some things your dog can do to change. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
52
Perfect Verb Tenses
Present Perfect
The present perfect verb tense shows action that happened in the past,
or is still continuing to happen into the present.
Present tense form of “to have”
2. Have
3. Has
Guided Practice
Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with either has or have, to form the
present perfect tense.
1. I ________________________________________ two of the dogs already. (wash)
2. He ________________________________________ three books last month. (read)
3. The dog ________________________________________ all day and night. (bark)
4. Joe ________________________________________ hard today. (work)
5. The school ________________________________________ many awards year after year. (earn)
Present Perfect
53
Perfect Verb Tenses
Present Perfect -‐ Independent Practice
Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with either has or have, to form the
present perfect tense.
1. He ________________________________________ more than 10 math problems already.
(solve)
2. She ________________________________________ forward to the prom all year.
(look)
3. The washing machine ________________________________________ for many years
(work)
4. Fred ________________________________________ all day. (clean)
5. She ________________________________________ her homework. (lost)
6. Those kids ________________________________________ 100 balloons already. (fill)
7. Many people ________________________________________ a lot of money for school clothes this
year. (spend)
8. Sally ________________________________________ to music all day. (listen)
9. Adam ________________________________________ the piano since he was five years old. (play)
10. People ________________________________________ dogs as pets for a long time.
(enjoy)
Practice, Practice, Practice!
54
Perfect Verb Tenses
Writing Present Perfect Tense
Remember, the present perfect verb tense shows action that happened in the past, or is still continuing to happen into the present. What have you accomplished in the past year? Write a story (at least a paragraph) about what you have accomplished. Be sure to use at least two examples of present perfect tense and underline all examples. For example: My teacher has taught me how to count to ten and I have learned the alphabet.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
55
Perfect Verb Tenses
Future Perfect
The future perfect tense verb shows an action that will
occur and finish in the future at a certain time.
Signal Words
4. Will have
Guided Practice
Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with will have, to form the future perfect
tense.
1. The show ________________________________________ by 8:00 p.m. so don’t be late.
(start)
2. He ________________________________________ his homework by the time school starts.
(complete)
3. Tim ________________________________________ the movie before his friends.
(saw)
4. Next month we ________________________________________ the school year.
(finish)
5. The man ________________________________________ his office before dinnertime.
(not leave)
Future Perfect
56
Verb Tenses
Future Perfect -‐ Independent Practice
Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with will have, to form the future perfect
tense.
1. Next year she ________________________________________ from college. (graduate)
2. We ________________________________________ for four hours by the time we take the test.
(study)
3. I ________________________________________ my tenth pair of shoes when we go shopping
tomorrow. (buy)
4. He ________________________________________ his socks for three days without washing them.
(wear)
5. Bella ________________________________________ for over an hour before she finishes telling
the story. (talk)
6. Bailey ________________________________________ for ten straight hours by the time he gets
home. (work)
7. Lee ________________________________________ over 25 books by next year.
(write)
8. The twenty-‐year-‐old boy ________________________________________ in two marathons. (ran)
9. Her mom ________________________________________ over 12 dozen cookies by tomorrow.
(bake)
57
Verb Tenses
Writing Future Perfect Tense
Remember, the future perfect tense verb shows an action that will occur and finish in the future at a certain time. What is a goal you plan to accomplish within the year? Write a paragraph about a goal you will have accomplished within the year and how you plan to accomplish it. Be sure to use at least two examples of future perfect tense and underline all examples. For example: By the end of the year I will have become a better student.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
58
Conjunctions
The words and, but, and or are conjunctions that can connect words or sentences.
Look at the following purposes for conjunctions to determine when you
use each conjunction.
Conjunction
and
but
or
Purpose
joins related ideas
joins contrasting ideas
suggests a choice
You have already learned how to use conjunctions in a compound sentence. You also use
conjunctions when you use two subjects to make a compound subject or when you use two
verbs to make a compound predicate.
Guided Practice
Underline the conjunction and then tell if it is a compound subject, compound predicate, or
compound sentence.
1. A push or a pull is caused by force. ____________________
2. Magnetism acts at a distance and cannot be seen. ____________________
3. Magnets attract each other when opposite poles are near each other, but magnets
repel when like poles are near each other. ____________________
4. Gravity and magnetism are forces that attract objects to each other.
____________________
5. Friction is caused by rough surfaces, but friction is reduced by a smooth surface.
____________________
Conjunctions: And But Or
59
Conjunctions
Independent Practice
Add the conjunction and, but, or or to complete the sentence.
1. The position of an object can be described as above, below, beside, behind,
__________, ahead of another object.
2. Unbalanced forces affect the rate __________ direction of motion in objects.
3. Balanced forces do not change the motion of an object, __________ unbalanced forces
do change the motion of an object.
4. A stronger push __________ a stronger pull will make an object move faster.
5. The dependent variable should be placed on the Y-‐axis, __________ the independent
variable should be placed on the X-‐axis.
6. Objects with less mass will speed up __________ slow down faster than objects with a
greater mass.
7. Force __________ mass affect the motion of an object.
8. A distance-‐time graph shows the total distance that an object has traveled in a
certain amount of time, __________ it also shows the distance the object traveled
during a particular time interval.
9. The textures of surfaces, amount of surface area, __________ lubrication are all
variables that affect friction.
10. Oil __________ grease are lubricants that reduce friction.
60
Prepositions
A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition.
Prepositional phrases add more details.
Sometimes a preposition will show direction.
Look at the prepositions on the chalkboard to
the right. These are words you should become
very familiar with.
Guided Practice
Underline the preposition in each sentence.
Circle the prepositional phrase in each sentence.
1. The dog barked for an hour.
2. The boat was at the dock.
3. Our friends live down the road.
4. We live near the store.
5. She fell in the lake.
6. Look above your head!
7. Bob went down the slide.
8. The breeze blew across the sky.
9. We went to see the animals at the zoo.
10. Please open the door under the cabinet.
Common Prepositions to Learn
• Above • Across • After • Around • At • Before • Behind • By • Down • For
• From • In • Into • Near • Of • On • To • Toward • Under • With
61
Prepositions
Independent Practice
1. Why do we use prepositional phrases? ___________________________________________________
2. Write the common prepositions. __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the sentence using a prepositional phrase from the ones provided.
• under her head • across the court • in the air
• at the beach • with her foot • beside the bowls
• around the corner • in the sunlight • behind the door
1. It was warm _________________________________________________________________________________.
2. She closed the door _________________________________________________________________________.
3. The pillow was soft _________________________________________________________________________.
4. The ball bounced ____________________________________________________________________________.
5. Birds fly ______________________________________________________________________________________.
6. The shoes were ______________________________________________________________________________.
7. The party will be ____________________________________________________________________________.
8. The spoons go _______________________________________________________________________________.
9. The store is just _____________________________________________________________________________.
in
beside
behind
62
Prepositions -‐ Independent Practice
Add a prepositional phrase to each sentence to give more details. Write the sentence on
the line.
1. Tim went sledding.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The boy found his toy.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Cindy smiled.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The little boy fell asleep.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. The dog sat.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. The children went to the library.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. We are going to the ocean.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. He likes ice cream.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. The girl rode her bicycle.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. We cheered.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
63
Interjections
If you want to exclaim something, make a protest, or give a command, then you can use an
interjection. Interjections are words or phrases that usually express emotion. They are
usually followed by an exclamation mark.
1. What do interjections express? _________________________________________________________________
Examples:
a. Good! Now let’s go.
b. Hey! Come over here!
Sometimes interjections are sounds.
Examples:
a. Phew! That was hard.
b. Mmmm, that was delicious!
The following are some other examples of interjections.
• Absolutely • Agreed • Ah • Awesome • Awww • Blah • Bye • Cheers • Cool • Duh • Eek • Eh • Gee
• Good Grief • Goodness • Grrr • Ha • Hmm • Huh • Hurray or Hooray • Look • No • Nah • Oh • Oh my • Oops
• Ouch • Shh • Touché • Ugh • Uh-‐oh • Well • Whoa • Whoopee • Wow • Yay • Yeah • Yes • Yikes
WOW!
64
Interjections
Guided Practice
Underline the interjection in each of the following sentences.
1. Ah, now I understand what caused so many immigrants to come to America during
the Industrial Revolution.
2. Wow! I can’t believe how much the United States changed during the Industrial
Revolution.
3. Whew! The immigrants must have been relieved to finally reach America!
4. Look! There is the Statue of Liberty.
5. Good grief! Some immigrants were not treated well.
Independent Practice
Add an interjection and punctuation to the following sentences.
1. __________ Alexander Graham Bell must have been so intelligent to invent the
telephone
2. __________ The Wright Brothers cheered when their airplane flew for twelve seconds
at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1903.
3. __________ There is an old telegraph that Samuel Morse invented.
4. __________ Did you know that children used to work in factories instead of going to
school?
5. __________ The Progressives worked to address the problems associated with Big
Business.
65
Interjections
Independent Practice
Writing
Write a story about winning $1,000 and what you will do with the money. Be sure to use
interjections!
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66
Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are two conjunctions used together to link words, phrases, or
clauses. There are multiple examples of correlative conjunctions, but the following are the
correlative conjunctions you will learn in this lesson.
1. Either – or
2. Neither – nor
When you use either, you use or as well.
When you use neither, you use nor as well.
You cannot use either with nor. You also cannot use or with neither.
Example: We will either go to the park or the zoo tomorrow.
Example: We will neither go to the park or the zoo if it is raining.
Guided Practice
Underline the correlative conjunctions used in the following sentences.
1. Some immigrants wanted to come to America either to find jobs or to be with family
that had already traveled to America.
2. Neither Chinese immigrants nor European immigrants wanted to face
discrimination.
3. Children either went to work or went to school.
4. Neither Andrew Carnegie nor Alexander Graham Bell were born in America. They
were immigrants.
5. When crop prices fell because of mechanization, farmers could neither pay for their
mortgages on land nor equipment.
either/or
neither/nor
67
Correlative Conjunctions
Independent Practice
Add the correct correlative conjunctions to make the sentences correct.
1. ____________________ Ida Tarbell ____________________ Upton Sinclair could sit back and do
nothing about the problems they saw.
2. Many in America wanted to ____________________ limit the sale of alcohol
____________________ prohibit alcohol altogether.
3. They plan to make a decision in ____________________ April ____________________ May.
4. ____________________ bootlegging ____________________ speakeasies were legal during
Prohibition.
5. ____________________ go to bed early ____________________ don’t complain about being tired
every day.
6. Write a sentence about two things you would like to do using either/or.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Write a sentence about two things you do not like to eat using neither/nor.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Write a sentence using the correlative conjunctions either/or or neither/nor.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
68
Titles of Books
How do you signify the title of a book?
1. Always capitalize the main words.
2. You do not need to capitalize words in the title such as ‘of, and, or, a”.
3. If you are using a computer, the title should be typed in italics or underlined.
4. If you are writing the title yourself, then underline the title.
Guided Practice
Underline and capitalize the book titles in the sentences correctly.
1. Have you read Diary of a Wimpy Kid?
__________________________________________________
2. My friend read the book spy kids, and he recommended that I read it too.
__________________________________________________
3. My librarian recommended that we read zoobreak.
__________________________________________________
4. Forty acres and maybe a mule is a historical fiction book about Reconstruction.
__________________________________________________
5. Some books, such as old yeller, have also been made into a movie.
__________________________________________________
6. What two things should you always do when writing a book title?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What should you always do when typing a book title?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Capitalize and underline or italicize book titles.
69
Independent Practice
Write the title correctly on the line.
1. Have you read kids during the industrial revolution? ___________________________________
2. leah’s pony is a book written about a girl living during the Great Depression.
__________________________________________________
3. I love the book Because of Winn Dixie! __________________________________________________
4. We read radio fifth grade as a class. __________________________________________________
5. Have you ever read double fudge? __________________________________________________
Write a book recommendation for a book you have read.
• Give the book’s title and author. • Share a brief summary of the plot. • What are the book’s strengths and weaknesses? • Why would you recommend the book?
______________________________________________________________________________
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Books are great!
70
Capitalization
A capital letter is needed anytime you use the word ‘I’, a proper noun, titles, or begin a new
sentence.
• Proper Nouns
A noun is a person, place, or thing. A proper noun is a specific person, place, or
thing. This includes the name of a person, place, or specific things.
Examples:
o People – Andrew Carnegie, Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt
o Places – the United States of America, ABC Elementary School, Atlanta
o Things – World War II, Independence Day, May
• Titles
A title can come in different forms.
o Always capitalize a title that comes before a name.
Example: Mayor John Smith, Doctor John Smith
o Always capitalize the titles of books, movies, and
other titles. However, do not capitalize articles (a, an, the), short
conjunctions, and short prepositions.
Examples: Pirates of the Caribbean, The Hunger Games
• The Beginning of a Sentence
Don’t forget to always begin a new sentence with a capital letter.
o When do you use a capital letter? _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
You should always capitalize proper nouns, titles, and sentence beginnings.
71
Capitalization -‐ Guided Practice
Put one line through any letter that should be capitalized. Write the words correctly on the
line.
1. We have been studying about reconstruction at abc elementary school.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. do you know where mr. smith went to college?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Sally and i like to go shopping at American eagle.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. have you read the hunger games?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. My brother and I plan to read the article “how to train your dog in 7 days”.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. My family visited the washington monument and the white house.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. His favorite team is the charlotte bobcats.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. The boy has to go see dr. smith to get a shot.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. I can’t wait to see all the fireworks at the fourth of july celebration!
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. school begins in august and ends in may for many students in america.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
72
Capitalization -‐ Independent Practice
Follow the directions for each sentence you write. Be sure to use capital letters and
punctuation correctly.
1. Write a sentence about a famous person.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Write a sentence about a city you would like to visit.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Write a sentence recommending a book to others.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Write a sentence telling your favorite sports team.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Write a sentence about your favorite holiday.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Write a sentence and tell what you would name a pet.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Write a sentence telling when your birthday is each year.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Write a sentence about your favorite month.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Write a sentence telling who your favorite friends are.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Write a sentence telling the title of your favorite movie or television show.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
73
Quotation Marks
Quotation marks are used to show exactly what someone has said. When you tell exactly
what someone said you are giving a direct quote. You add quotation marks before and
after someone’s exact words.
Look at the following example. What is different about these examples?
o “Did you know that the Panama Canal made it much quicker to travel the east
coast to the west coast?” asked Mrs. Smith.
o “Yes, I did,” said Tim.
o Mrs. Smith also added, “The Panama Canal allowed American commercial
and war ships to travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific more quickly.”
o “The United States tried to remain neutral during World War I,” said Mrs.
Smith, “but eventually America became involved in the war.”
Look at the examples of quotations again. What is different? You should notice several
specifics about writing quotations.
1. Use a comma to separate what someone said from the words that tell who is being
quoted.
2. You usually put a comma before the last end quotation marks unless you are writing
an interrogative or exclamatory sentence.
3. If words that tell who is speaking interrupt a direct quotation, then two sets of
quotation marks are needed. Use a comma or end punctuation after the words that
tell who is speaking. If the second part of the quote does not begin a new sentence
then use a comma. Use end punctuation and a capital letter if a new sentence
begins.
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Quotation Marks -‐ Guided Practice
Put the correct punctuation in the sentence and correct any capitalization errors.
1. Mr. Smith said you all need to understand that there were two main alliances in
World War I
2. Which side was America on asked Joe
3. America was with the Allies explained Mr. Smith and Great Britain and France were
as well
4. Joe then asked what was the other alliance called
5. The other alliance was called the Central Powers answered Mr. Smith
Independent Practice
Write C if the quotation marks are correct.
Write NC if they are not correct. If you write NC, then write the sentence correctly.
__________ 1. “What countries were with the Central Powers?” asked Tim.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
__________ 2. Mr. Smith answered “Germany, Austria, Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were all part of the Central Powers.”
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
__________ 3. “Germany bomb the Lusitania”, said Tim.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
__________ 4. “Yes, they did,” said Mr. Smith, “and there were Americans on the ship.”
_________________________________________________________________________________________
__________ 5. “Do you like to learn about history”? asked Mr. Smith.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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Quotation Marks -‐ Independent Practice
Add quotation marks and other punctuation marks to complete each sentence.
1. Here are your shoes Mom said.
2. Are you hungry asked Dad.
3. Can we go to the store asked Bella I need some new shoes.
4. Mom said Don’t forget your homework.
5. Can you pass the potatoes asked the boy.
6. The dog barked all night said the girl.
7. Bailey said It is cold in here
8. Let’s go see a movie Lilly said.
9. I love to read the girl said.
10. Me too her friend answered let’s go to the library.
Use quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and capital letters correctly.
1. I want a new dog said Emma
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. me too said her friend let’s go look at puppies at the pet store
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ted asked can I go too
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. I’ll ask my mom said Emma
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5. let’s go exclaimed Emma
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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Quotation Marks
Independent Practice
Use quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and capital letters correctly.
1. Bob said let’s go fishing tomorrow
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Ok his friend replied it sounds like fun
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Can I bring my son too asked his friend
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Yes you can replied Bob
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Be sure to bring sunscreen a lunch and your fishing pole said Bob
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. Bob’s friend then asked do you want me to bring lunch for all of us
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. Thank you for the offer but I will bring my own lunch said Bob
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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77
Quotation Marks
Independent Practice
Write a conversation you would like to have with someone famous. What would you ask?
What do you think they would say? Use quotation marks to show exactly what is said.
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78
Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe a noun. Remember, a noun is a person, place, or thing.
Adjectives add description and help your writing to be more interesting.
Adjectives often come before the words they describe.
Adjectives can answer three questions…
• What kind?
• Which one?
• How many?
The words a, an, and the are called articles. Articles are used before nouns or before
words that describe a noun.
1. Use a before words that begin with a consonant and are singular.
• a party, a wonderful day, a panoramic view
2. Use an before words that begin with a vowel or a silent h.
• an interesting thought, an observant student, an hour
3. Use the before singular or plural words.
• the school, the schools, the animal, the animals
Adjectives describe nouns.
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Adjectives
Guided Practice
1. What do adjectives do? _____________________________________________________________________
2. What are three questions that adjectives can answer? __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. When is the article a used? _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. When is the article an used? _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. When is the article the used? ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Circle every noun. Then underline every article and every adjective. Not all nouns have an
adjective that describes it. However, finding the nouns first will help you to find the
adjectives.
1. The economic boom of the 1920s had an important effect on the daily lives of many
Americans.
2. The 1920s are often referred to as the “Roaring Twenties”.
3. The Great Migration of African Americans from southern rural areas to northern
urban areas resulted in the Harlem Renaissance.
4. The Harlem Renaissance was a time when talented writers, artists, and musicians
celebrated the African American contributions to American life.
5. Jazz music became very popular during this time.
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Adjectives
Independent Practice
Write the adjective on the line to complete each sentence.
Then tell what question the adjective answers.
1. What kind?
2. Which one?
3. How many?
____what kind____ 1. This is a beautiful day to go to the park.
____________________ 2. The ____________________ dog was barking at the child.
____________________ 3. Is that an ____________________ tree?
____________________ 4. Do you like ____________________ ice cream?
____________________ 5. The baby is just ____________________ days old.
____________________ 6. The mouse scurried in the ____________________ hole.
____________________ 7. Respectful students use ____________________ manners.
____________________ 8. Her ____________________ hair was hard to brush.
____________________ 9. His ____________________ tennis shoes need to be washed.
____________________ 10. The ____________________ clouds probably mean it is going to rain.
____________________ 11. When she sang, she had a ____________________ voice.
____________________ 12. In ____________________ days we will graduate.
____________________ 13. There are ____________________ baby birds in that nest.
____________________ 14. How many ____________________ cookies do you want?
____________________ 15. The ____________________ baby smiles a lot.
Adjectives answer…
• What kind? • Which one? • How many?
81
Adjectives
Independent Practice
Underline the nouns in the following sentences. Then rewrite the sentence adding at least
one adjective to describe a noun.
1. The dog jumped.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. People celebrate holidays in countries.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. The teacher spoke to the class.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The paper was thrown into the trash.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. The crowd cheered and held up banners.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. The girl learned to spell words.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Did you see those flowers in the meadow?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. The gymnast won a medal.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. She was so excited to go on a vacation.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Adjectives
Writing
Write a paragraph about your favorite fruit. Describe the fruit and tell why you like it.
Underline the adjectives that you use. Complete your prewriting on another sheet of paper.
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Adverbs
Adverbs give more information about verbs. There are many adverbs that end in ly.
There are three questions that an adverb can answer.
1. How? Example: She ran quickly. (How did she run?) 2. When? Example: She ran daily.
(When did she run?)
3. Where? Example: She ran there. (Where did she run?)
Guided Practice
Underline the verb in each sentence. Then circle the adverb that gives more information
about the verb. Write whether it tells how, when, or where on the line.
____________________ 1. The Stock Market crashed suddenly in 1929.
____________________ 2. After the crash, unemployment rose quickly.
____________________ 3. Homeless people often lived in make-‐shift homes of scrap lumber and
empty boxes.
____________________ 4. President Roosevelt wanted to quickly provide help.
____________________ 5. Some New Deal programs helped immediately.
____________________ 6. Some of the New Deal programs, such as Social Security and the FDIC,
are still used today.
____________________ 7. The United States was not a part of World War II immediately.
____________________ 8. However, when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, America quickly declared
war.
____________________ 9. During World War II, scientists successfully tested the world’s first
atomic bomb.
Adverbs give more information about verbs.
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Adverbs
Independent Practice
Choose from the list of adverbs and write the adverb on
the line to complete each sentence.
briskly
firmly
inside
truthfully
cheerfully
continuously
beautifully
sloppily
everywhere yesterday
1. The man gripped the dog leash ____________________ in his hands.
2. The dog barked ____________________ throughout the day.
3. The artist painted ____________________.
4. The candidate spoke ____________________ about the topics.
5. The woman walked ____________________ through the rain.
6. She ____________________ completed her chores.
7. The mosquitoes were ____________________.
8. Did he go ____________________.
9. She drove to New York ____________________.
10. He made his bed ____________________.
Adverbs answer… 1. How? 2. When? 3. Where?
85
Adverbs
Independent Practice
Underline the verb in each sentence. Then circle the adverb that gives more information
about the verb. Write whether it tells how, when, or where on the line.
____________________ 1. The dog jumped playfully at the boy.
____________________ 2. The dog was there.
____________________ 3. The dog barked loudly at the stranger.
____________________ 4. The dog went to the veterinarian yesterday.
____________________ 5. Her dog will play fetch continuously.
____________________ 6. His dog suddenly ran off.
____________________ 7. The dog’s owner took it on a walk today.
____________________ 8. We could hear the dogs barking nearby.
____________________ 9. Her neighbor’s dog jumped the fence effortlessly.
____________________ 9. Fred takes his dog everywhere.
____________________ 10. The dog ran outside to chase the squirrel in the yard.
____________________ 11. The dog was lying on his blanket quietly.
____________________ 12. Sally’s dog eats nightly at 6:00 p.m.
____________________ 13. Many dogs love to chew bones daily.
____________________ 14. Be careful if a dog acts aggressively.
____________________ 15. Dogs should happily obey their owner.
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Adverbs
Writing
Write a paragraph about something you like to do during recess. Describe the activity. Be
sure to use at least two adverbs and underline the adverbs that you use. Circle any
adjectives.
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Vocabulary Building
88
PREFIX MEANINGS dis-‐ not non-‐ not un-‐ not re-‐ again Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF
PREFIX MEANING OF WORD
Disadvantage dis advantage not Not a good circumstance
Discontent
Disorganized
Dissatisfied
Nonuse non use not Not in use
Nonsense
Nonacademic
Noncompliant
Unbeatable un beatable not Not able to defeat
Unjust
Unreliable
Unpleasant
Regroup re read again To put into new groups again
Rearrange
Rethink
Reword
89
Use 15 words from the previous page to create sentences with correct meanings.
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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9. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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11. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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12. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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13. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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14. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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15. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the prefix. Give the definition of the new word also.
dis (not)
non (not)
un (not)
re (again)
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Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use two words that you found from each of the prefixes on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the word correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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PREFIX MEANINGS pre-‐ before mid-‐ middle bi-‐ two de-‐ opposite Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF
PREFIX
MEANING OF
WORD
Precaution pre wash before Measure taken beforehand
Preamble
Predispose
Prejudice
midstream mid stream middle The middle of the stream
midland
midair
midday
Bilingual bi lingual two Speaking two languages
Biannual
Bilateral
Bipartisan
Defrost de frost opposite Remove the frost
Decrease
Decode
Decline
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Use 15 words from the previous page to create sentences with the correct meanings.
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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9. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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11. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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12. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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13. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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14. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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15. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the prefix. Give the definition of the new word also.
pre (before)
mid (middle)
bi (two)
de (opposite)
95
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use two words that you found from each of the prefixes on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the word correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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PREFIX MEANINGS anti-‐ against/opposing co-‐ together en-‐ put into or on extra-‐ outside/beyond Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF
PREFIX MEANING OF WORD
Antiaircraft anti aircraft against Used for defense against air attack
Antiwar
Antivirus
Antibiotic
Codriver co driver together Share the driving with another
Coteach
Costar
Cofounder
Engulf en gulf put into or on To plunge in or immerse
Enact
Endanger
Enroll
Extracurricular extra curricular outside/beyond Outside of the curriculum
Extraterrestrial
Extracellular
Extralegal
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Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘anti’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the prefixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.
1. To defend their country against air attacks, they developed ____________________ .
2. They did not agree with the war and held signs that showed their ____________________
opinions.
3. The ____________________ worked against the infection.
4. ____________________ software works against any virus that might try to enter your
computer.
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘co’ to complete the sentences.
1. The driver’s ed teachers ____________________ with their students.
2. The two businessmen put their money together and are now ____________________ of a
company.
3. Sometimes students change classes between two teachers that ____________________.
4. Bailey wants to ____________________ with Bella in a movie.
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘en’ to complete the sentences.
1. The waves began to ____________________the swimmer so the lifeguard jumped in and
pulled the swimmer to safety.
2. The Congressman wanted to ____________________ a new bill.
3. Some animals are almost extinct; therefore you cannot ____________________ these
animals.
4. Did the new student ____________________ in Mrs. Smith’s class?
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘extra’ to complete the sentences.
1. E.T. was an ____________________ that was beyond this world.
2. Some students have ____________________ activities when school is over.
3. The fluid was ____________________ because it was located outside of the cells.
4. Something beyond the authority of the law is ____________________.
98
At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the prefix. Give the definition of the new word also.
anti (against)
co (together)
en (into/on)
extra (beyond)
99
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use two words that you found from each of the prefixes on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the word correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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PREFIX MEANINGS hyper-‐ beyond, more than normal inter-‐ between mis-‐ bad, wrong semi-‐ half Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF
PREFIX MEANING OF WORD
Hyperactive
hyper active beyond, more than normal
More active than normal
Hypersonic
Hyperlink
Hyperventilate
Mislead mis lead bad, wrong To lead someone the wrong way
Misjudge
Misbehave
Mistreat
Interact inter act between To act between
Interbank
Internet
Interstate
Semiannual semi annual half Occurs every half a year
Semicircle
Semifinal
Semisweet
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Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘hyper’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the prefixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.
1. There is a way to connect your document to another document using a
____________________.
2. She was breathing more quickly than normal, and this caused her to
____________________.
3. If something goes at a speed five times faster than the speed of sound, it is called
____________________.
4. Some people say if you eat too much sugar you will have too much energy and
become ____________________.
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘mis’ to complete the sentences.
1. If you ____________________ by acting in the wrong way, you will have a consequence.
2. It is important to lead people in the right way and not ____________________ them in the
wrong way.
3. If you ____________________ a dog, then it may not act nice.
4. Sometimes referees will ____________________ a play by making a wrong call.
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘inter’ to complete the sentences.
1. Animals of the same species do not always ____________________ with animals of
another species.
2. The ____________________ allows people to drive from one state to another.
3. The ____________________ is a connection between networks across the world.
4. An ____________________ loan involves two or more banks.
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘semi’ to complete the sentences.
1. Half of a circle is a ____________________.
2. ____________________ chocolate is not as sweet as regular chocolate.
3. The will have a ____________________ match before the final match.
4. Every six months they have a ____________________ business meeting.
102
At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the prefix. Give the definition of the new word also.
hyper (beyond)
inter (between)
mis (wrong)
semi (half)
103
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use two words that you found from each of the prefixes on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the word correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
104
PREFIX MEANINGS over-‐ excessively, completely post-‐ after in time or order trans-‐ across, beyond under-‐ beneath, below Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF
PREFIX MEANING OF WORD
Overheat
over heat excessively Heat to much or excessively
Overcook
Overgrown
Overconfident
Postpone post pone After in time Delay; set the time back
Postnatal
Postscript
Posterior
Transatlantic trans atlantic across, beyond Going across the Atlantic
Transnational
Transcontinental
Transplant
Underarm under arm beneath, below Located under the top of arm
Underage
Underground
Underpaid
105
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘over’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the prefixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.
1. Do not ____________________ the oven because the cake might not cook evenly.
2. It is important to not ____________________ your food because it will not taste as good.
3. The girl was not careful because she was ____________________ that she would not fall
while learning to skateboard.
4. We need to cut back the bushes because they are ____________________.
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘post’ to complete the sentences.
1. ____________________ care is important for a baby to receive.
2. The author always adds a ____________________ after she finishes writing a book.
3. They had to ____________________ the party to a later date.
4. The animal had a sore on the ____________________ side of its body.
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘trans’ to complete the sentences.
1. They booked a ____________________ cruise because they wanted to sail across the
Atlantic Ocean.
2. They traveled on a ____________________ flight across North America.
3. They had to ____________________ the tree across the yard to a better location.
4. The ____________________ company had members from different nations.
Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘under’ to complete the sentences.
1. She had a sore under her arm in her ____________________ area.
2. She was not happy because she was ____________________ for her work, which was
below what she should have been paid.
3. He was below the age limit and they would not let him on the ride because he was
____________________.
4. The ____________________ tunnel was below the ground.
106
At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the prefix. Give the definition of the new word also.
over (excess)
post (after)
trans (across)
under (below)
107
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use two words that you found from each of the prefixes on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the word correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
108
SUFFIX MEANINGS -‐er doer -‐able able to -‐ous full of -‐ness state of being Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD ROOT WORD SUFFIX MEANING OF
SUFFIX MEANING OF WORD
Washer wash er doer Able to do the washing
Treasurer
Teacher
Employer
Agreeable agree able able to Able to agree
Changeable
Excusable
Perishable
Adventurous adventure ous full of Full of adventure
Coniferous
Continuous
Courageous
Alertness alert ness state of being Being alert
Boldness
Cheeriness
Dullness
SUFFIXES
109
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘er’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the suffixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.
1. Do you want to be the ____________________ or the dryer when we do dishes today?
2. Our ____________________ is able to teach us new things.
3. The ____________________ is able to keep up with the money for our group.
4. An ____________________ is someone who can give you a job.
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘able’ to complete the sentences.
1. Todd is very ____________________ and gets along with everyone.
2. The food is ____________________ and is not able to stay good for a long period of time.
3. I cannot excuse the absence because it is not ____________________.
4. The weather in the area is ____________________ and they don’t know if they like that the
weather is able to change so quickly.
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ous’ to complete the sentences.
1. She is full of adventure. You might even call her ____________________.
2. She is ____________________ and is able to do things other people would be afraid to do.
3. The air conditioner was on a ____________________ cycle and worked all the time.
4. The ____________________ tree was full of cones.
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ness’ to complete the sentences.
1. The ____________________ of the baby was amazing as we watched her look across the
room.
2. The ____________________ of the light made it hard to see.
3. When people are full of ____________________ they make others smile.
4. Tim isn’t afraid to speak up because of his ____________________.
110
At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the suffix. Give the definition of the new word also.
-‐er (doer)
-‐able (able to)
-‐ous (full of)
-‐ness (state of being)
111
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use two words that you found from each of the prefixes on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the word correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
112
SUFFIX MEANINGS -‐ful full of -‐ly in what manner -‐ment state of -‐less without Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD ROOT WORD SUFFIX MEANING OF
SUFFIX MEANING OF WORD
Bountiful bounty ful full of Abundant;plenty
Careful
Colorful
Harmful
Actively active ly in what manner Characterized by energetic work
Boldly
Clearly
Dimly
Agreement agree ment state of Being in agreement
Settlement
Amusement
Excitement
Endless end less without Without an end
Harmless
Motionless
Priceless
113
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ful’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the suffixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.
1. There was a ____________________ supply of cotton this year.
2. You do not want to get hurt so be ____________________ to take care of yourself.
3. The sun’s rays can burn your skin and be ____________________ to you.
4. The little girl likes clothes full of color because ____________________ clothes make her
happy.
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ly’ to complete the sentences.
1. She participates ____________________ in many sports.
2. The ____________________ lit candles did not give very much light.
3. The clean window allowed us to see ____________________ outside.
4. The candidate spoke very ____________________ on the topics.
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ment’ to complete the sentences.
1. The two boys are in ____________________ about what they should do together.
2. She likes to play dress up for ____________________.
3. The settlers found a place to settle and built a ____________________ along the river.
4. There was so much ____________________ in the room that no one could sit still.
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘less’ to complete the sentences.
1. Fred sat ____________________ while the others tried to catch the bug.
2. No amount of money could purchase the type of friendship the two girls had
because their friendship was ____________________.
3. Bella wished for summer to be ____________________ because she didn’t want it to end.
4. Some spiders will not harm you because they are ____________________.
114
At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the suffix. Give the definition of the new word also.
-‐ful (full of)
-‐ly (in what manner)
-‐ment (state of)
-‐less (without)
115
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use two words that you found from each of the prefixes on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the word correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
116
SUFFIX MEANINGS -‐al, -‐ial having characteristics of -‐en made of -‐ity, -‐ty state of -‐y characterized by Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD ROOT WORD SUFFIX MEANING OF
SUFFIX MEANING OF WORD
Personal person al Having characteristics of
Characteristics like a person
Editorial
Continental
National
Wooden wood en made of Made of wood
Golden
Thicken
Wheaten
Absurdity absurd ity state of State of being ridiculous
Captivity
Ability
Novelty
Healthy health y characterized by Having to do with health
Dirty
Salty
Rainy
117
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘al’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the suffixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.
1. The ____________________ Congress worked to help the colonists that came to America.
2. There are U.S. ____________________ living in other countries around the world.
3. That person’s opinion is her ____________________ opinion.
4. She read an ____________________ in the newspaper that expressed the opinions of the
publisher.
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘en’ to complete the sentences.
1. That ____________________ spoon is made of wood.
2. The ____________________ ticket is made of shiny yellow paper.
3. Bread that is made of wheat is said to be ____________________.
4. The soup is too thin so we want to find a way to ____________________ it up a bit.
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ty’ to complete the sentences.
1. The ____________________ of their excuse was unbelievable.
2. The ____________________ of her new job had not faded.
3. The animals in the zoo are held in ____________________.
4. Her ____________________ to write well was impressive.
Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘y’ to complete the sentences.
1. Those chips are so ____________________ because she put extra salt on them.
2. She eats right and exercises, which helps her to be more ____________________.
3. The ____________________ dishes needed to be cleaned.
4. It is ____________________ outside so bring an umbrella.
118
At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the suffix. Give the definition of the new word also.
-‐al (character-‐istic of)
-‐en (made of)
-‐ty (state of)
-‐y (character-‐ized by)
119
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use two words that you found from each of the prefixes on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the word correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
120
HOMOPHONES Homophones are words that sound alike, but are spelled differently.
For the pairs of homophones below, look up the meanings of each word and then draw a simple picture to show the meaning of each word. Then write the word and the meaning of the word under the picture. For example, you could draw a crown and write ‘throne’ to mean a king wears a crown on his throne.
Throne Thrown
Plain Plane
Waist Waste
Break Brake
121
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use the homophones on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the words correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
122
For the pairs of homophones below, look up the meanings of each word and then draw a simple picture to show the meaning of each word. Then write the word and the meaning of the word under the picture.
Allowed Aloud
Board Bored
Bow
Ad Add
Bough
123
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use the homophones on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the words correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
124
For the pairs of homophones below, look up the meanings of each word and then draw a simple picture to show the meaning of each word. Then write the word and the meaning of the word under the picture.
Capital Capitol
Cell Sell
Sight/Site
Rap Wrap
Cite
125
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use the homophones on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the words correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
126
For the pairs of homophones below, look up the meanings of each word and then draw a simple picture to show the meaning of each word. Then write the word and the meaning of the word under the picture.
Council Counsel
Overdo Overdue
Pane
Complement Compliment
Pain
127
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use the homophones on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the words correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
128
For the pairs of homophones below, look up the meanings of each word and then draw a simple picture to show the meaning of each word. Then write the word and the meaning of the word under the picture.
Pedal Peddle
Peer Pier
Seen
Pear Pair
Scene
129
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use the homophones on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the words correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
130
New Homophones
For the pairs of homophones below, look up the meanings of each word and then draw a simple picture to show the meaning of each word. Then write the word and the meaning of the word under the picture.
Stationary Stationery
Weather Whether
Whose
Soar Sore
Who’s
Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use the homophones on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the words correctly!
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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132
Greek Roots Word Study – Greek Root Words Greek Root Word Meaning Geo Earth Human Man Sphere Round Complete the chart. Word Greek Root Meaning of
Greek Root
Word Meaning of Word
Geographer
Geography
Geologist
Geology
Human
Humane
Humanities
Humanize
Atmosphere
Hemisphere
Sphere
Spherical
133
Write sentences using 3 words for each Greek root. Geo
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Human
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sphere
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
134
Many words have roots that come from the Greek language.
The Greek root ‘geo’ means earth. Complete the chart below.
Geo
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘geo’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
135
Complete the chart below for human. Human means man.
Human
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘human’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
136
Complete the chart below for sphere. Sphere means round.
Sphere
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘sphere’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
137
Greek Roots Word Study – Greek Root Words Greek Root Word Meaning Hydro Water Meter Measure Port Carry Complete the chart. Word Greek Root Meaning of
Greek Root
Word Meaning of Word
Hydroplane Hydro Water Hydroplane To skim on water
Hydrant
Hydrate
Dehydrate
Centimeter Meter Measure Centimeter Unit of measurement
Pedometer
Perimeter
Speedometer
Export Port Carry Export To carry out
Import
Portable
Porter
138
Write sentences using 3 words for each Greek root. Hydro
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Meter
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Port
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
139
Many words have roots that come from the Greek language.
The Greek root ‘hydro’ means water. Complete the chart below.
Hydro
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘hydro’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
140
Complete the chart below for meter. Meter means measure.
Meter
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘meter’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
141
Complete the chart below for port. Port means carry.
Port
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘port’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
142
Greek Roots Word Study – Greek Root Words Greek Root Word Meaning tele distance micro small auto self graph write Complete the chart. Word Root Root
Meaning
Word Meaning of Word
telephone
telecast
telescope
microchip
microscope
microbe
autograph
automatic
autopilot
calligraphy
homograph
monograph
143
Write sentences using 2 words for each Greek root. Tele
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Micro
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Auto
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Graph
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
144
Greek Roots
Many words have roots that come from the Greek language.
The Greek root ‘tele’ means distance. Complete the chart below.
Tele
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘tele’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
145
Complete the chart below for micro. Micro means small.
Micro
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘micro’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
146
Complete the chart below for auto. Auto means self.
Auto
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘auto’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
147
Complete the chart below for graph. Graph means write.
Graph
Definition
Picture
Other words that contain ‘graph’.
Use one of the words in a sentence.
148
Greek Roots Word Study – Greek Root Words Greek Root Word Meaning cycle circle phone sound photo light therm heat Complete the chart. Word Root Root
Meaning
Word Meaning of Word
bicycle
cyclone
recycle
earphone
headphone
telephone
photography
photosphere
photons
thermos
thermostat
thermometer
149
Write sentences using 2 words for each Greek root. Cycle
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Phone
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Photo
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Therm
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
150
Many words have roots that come from the Greek language.
The Greek root ‘cycle’ means circle. Complete the chart below.
Cycle
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘cycle’.
151
Complete the chart below for phone. Phone means sound.
Phone
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘phone’.
152
Complete the chart below for photo. Photo means light.
Photo
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘photo’.
153
Complete the chart below for therm. Therm means heat.
Therm
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘therm’.
154
Greek Roots Quiz Match the Greek root to its meaning.
1. Geo _____
2. Human _____
3. Sphere _____
4. Hydro _____
5. Meter _____
6. Port _____
7. Tele _____
8. Micro _____
9. Auto _____
10. Graph _____
11. Cycle _____
12. Phone _____
13. Photo _____
14. Therm _____
a. write
b. circle
c. heat
d. earth
e. light
f. sound
g. self
h. man
i. round
j. small
k. water
l. carry
m. measure
n. distance
155
Latin Roots Word Study – Latin Root Words Latin Root Word Meaning Aqua water Audi hear Dict speak Complete the chart. Word Latin Root Meaning of
Latin Root
Word Meaning of Word
aquamarine
aquaplane
aquarium
aquatic
audible
audio
audiology
audiotape
dictate
dictator
diction
verdict
156
Write sentences using 3 words for each Latin root. Aqua
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Audi
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dict
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
157
Many words have roots that come from the Latin language.
The Latin root ‘aqua’ means water. Complete the chart below
Aqua
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘aqua’.
158
Complete the chart below for audi. Audi means hear.
Audi
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘audi’.
159
Complete the chart below for dict. Dict means speak.
Dict
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘dict’.
160
Latin Roots Word Study – Latin Root Words Latin Root Word Meaning fac/fec/fic make or do
spec/spect look
Complete the chart. Word Latin Root Meaning of
Latin Root
Word Meaning of Word
affect
infect
factory
faculty
efficient
aspect
inspect
spectacles
spectacular
specimen
161
Write a sentence using 4 words for each Latin root. Fac/Fec/Fic
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Spec/Spect
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
162
Many words have roots that come from the Latin language.
The Latin root ‘fac/fec/fic’ means to make or do. Complete the chart below.
Fac Fec Fic
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘fac/fec/fic’.
163
Complete the chart below for audi. Audi means hear.
Spec Spect
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘spec/spect’.
164
Latin Roots Word Study – Latin Root Words Latin Root Word Meaning terra earth
tri three
rupt break
Complete the chart. Word Latin Root Meaning of
Latin Root
Word Meaning of Word
terrace
terrain
terrarium
triangle
tricycle
trio
disrupt
erupt
rupture
165
Write a sentence using each word for each word using a Latin root. Terra
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tri
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rupt
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
166
Many words have roots that come from the Latin language.
The Latin root ‘terra’ means earth. Complete the chart below.
Terra
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘terra’.
167
Complete the chart below for tri. Tri means three.
Tri
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘tri’.
168
Complete the chart below for rupt. Rupt means break.
Rupt
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘rupt’.
169
Latin Roots Latin Root Word Meaning duct lead or lead to
tempo time
vid/vis to see
Complete the chart. Word Latin Root Meaning of
Latin Root
Word Meaning of Word
conduct
induct
product
tempo
temporary
temporal
envision
televise
video
170
Write a sentence using each word for each Latin root. Duct
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tempo
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vid/Vis
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
171
Many words have roots that come from the Latin language.
The Latin root ‘duct’ means earth. Complete the chart below.
Duct
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘duct’.
172
Complete the chart below for tempo. Tempo means time.
Tempo
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘tempo’.
173
Complete the chart below for vid/vis. Vid or vis means to see.
Vid Vis
Definition
Picture
Use one of the words in a sentence.
Other words that contain ‘vid/vis’.
174
Latin Roots Quiz Match the Greek root to its meaning.
1. Aqua _____
2. Audi _____
3. Dict _____
4. Fac/Fec/Fic _____
5. Spec/Spect _____
6. Terra _____
7. Tri _____
8. Rupt _____
9. Duct _____
10. Temp _____
11. Vid/Vis _____
a. speak
b. hear
c. water
d. time
e. lead to
f. to see
g. earth
h. break
i. three
j. make or do
k. look
175
Greek and Latin Roots Quiz Based on what you know from the root word and context clues, what do the underlined words mean? You must use the meaning of the Greek or Latin root in your answer. 1. I got wet when I went to the aquatic center. ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The radio was barely audible. __________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. His diction was incorrect. _______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The factory produced thousands of cars each year. ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. The inspectors made sure the building was safe. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. We made a terrarium that held plants and animals at the beginning of this school year.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. The geographer made some important findings. ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. There have been many humanitarian efforts to help the people of Japan. __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Be careful driving in the rain so that you don’t hydroplane. ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. The bug was only a centimeter long. _________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. Her portfolio contains many important documents. ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
12. The object is spherical. _________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
176
ASSESSMENTS
177
Noun and Subject Test Name ______________________
Nouns
1. A noun is a __________, __________, or __________.
2. Give two examples of a common noun.
___________, __________
1. A proper noun is a __________ noun.
2. Give two examples of a proper noun.
__________, __________
Underline, with one line, the nouns in the following sentences.
5. Our class is going on a field trip.
4. Mr. Smith is the principal.
5. The dog barked at the cat.
6. The cat ran up the tree.
7. The huge house was filled with laughter.
8. The children played soccer in the field.
Subjects
Now look at the same sentences and circle the subject.
11. Our class is going on a field trip.
12. Mr. Smith is the principal.
13. The dog barked at the cat.
14. The cat ran up the tree.
15. The huge house was filled with laughter.
16. The children played soccer in the field.
Proper Nouns
Correct the proper nouns in the following sentences by placing a line through the letter that
should be capitalized and write the letter correctly above it.
17. The washington monument is located in the capital.
18. Dr. smith is a dentist.
19. Pirates of the caribbean is a great book.
20. He attends abc elementary school.
178
Verb Test Name ______________________
Underline the verb in each sentence.
1. Mrs. Smith teaches fifth grade.
2. Ms. Piper helps with Safety Patrol.
3. Mrs. Williams loves dogs.
4. Mrs. Shed lived in Alaska.
5. Mr. Thompson likes to read.
6. Mrs. Cranberry gives us band-‐aides.
7. The boy will go to the park.
8. The child played all day.
9. The bird flies high in the sky.
10. They like playing at recess.
Underline the subject once and the verb twice.
10. Fifth graders work hard.
11. Fifth graders learn a lot.
12. The class talks too much.
13. She ran in a marathon.
14. Have you cooked dinner before?
Underline the linking verb in each sentence.
15. A butterfly is pretty.
16. I am ready for Christmas break.
17. You are ready for this test.
18. She was not cold.
19. The kids will be happy on Christmas day.
20. The tree must have been knocked down by the wind.
179
Commas, Compound Sentences, and Complex Sentences Name ____________________
Place commas in the sentences where they belong.
1. Jenny tell me about Alaska.
2. I would like a cheeseburger french fries and a coke.
3. I need to buy some paper Mom.
4. Your school Mr. Ball is the very best.
5. It would be exciting to visit London England.
Use a conjunction and comma to combine the following sentences to make compound
sentences
6. She likes pizza. He likes hot dogs.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Susie likes pizza. Susie likes hot dogs.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. I like to shop. She likes to eat.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. I like vanilla ice cream. I like chocolate ice cream too.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Combine the following sentences to make a complex sentence.
10. After I go to the store. I want to complete my homework.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
180
Types of Sentences, Pronouns, and Possessive Nouns Test
Types of Sentences -‐ Write the type of sentence on the correct line.
Declarative Interrogative
Exclamatory Imperative
1. A/an ____________________ sentence asks a question.
2. A/an ____________________ makes a statement.
3. A/an ____________________ sentence gives a command.
4. A/an ____________________ sentence shows excitement.
Write what type of sentence each one is on the line.
Declarative Interrogative
Exclamatory Imperative
____________________ 5. The book was about Europe.
____________________ 6. I love chocolate!
____________________ 7. Did you go to the zoo?
____________________ 8. Pick up your clothes.
Pronouns
Underline the pronouns in the following sentences.
9. We went to the store.
10. She and I like to dance.
11. Her dog is loud.
12. The dog is hers.
13. She bought ballet slippers.
14. They look forward to learning every day.
Possessive Nouns
Place the apostrophe in the right place for the underlined word to form a possessive noun.
15. My dogs fur is pretty. 17. All of the boys toys are cool.
16. Did you see the birds nest? 18. The teams trophy is large.
181
Subject-‐Verb Agreement and Verb Tense Test
Subject-‐Verb Agreement
Circle the correct verb in parentheses to make the noun and verb agree in each sentence.
1. Beautiful boats (sail, sails) by on the lake.
2. Birds (call, calls) to each other.
3. Her dog (bark, barks) at the mailman.
4. Tadpoles (change, changes) into frogs.
5. The teacher (appreciate, appreciates) good manners.
6. The performer (dance, dances) on the stage.
7. Those children (play, plays) all day.
8. The child (play, plays) in the sandbox.
Use the verb jump and write 3 sentences. Use the past tense in one sentence, present tense
in the second, and future tense in the third sentence.
9. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use the verb play and write 3 sentences. Use the past tense in one sentence, present tense
in the second, and future tense in the third sentence.
12. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
13. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
182
Prepositions, Correlative Conjunctions, and Interjections Test
Prepositions
Underline the prepositional phrase in each sentence.
1. The plane flew across the sky.
2. The wave crashed on the shore.
3. The dog ran around the yard.
Underline the prepositional phrase. Draw a circle around the preposition.
4. The boat near the dock.
5. Tim went after his father.
6. The came in a car.
7. Before I went to school, I brushed my teeth.
8. The plane flew high above the clouds.
Add a prepositional phrase to the sentence to make it more vivid and clear.
9. I rode my bike
_________________________________________________________________________________________________.
10. The dog was laying
_________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Correlative Conjunctions
Circle the correct correlative conjunction in the following sentences.
11. I would want to either go skating (nor, or) bowling.
12. I would neither want to go skating (nor, or) bowling.
Write a sentence using a pair of correlative conjunctions correctly.
13. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Underline the interjection in the following sentences.
13. Wow! I won the lottery!
14. No! You cannot do that.
183
Capitalization, Titles of Books, and Quotation Marks Test
Capitalization Draw three short lines (proofreading marks) under the letters that should be capitalized and write the capital letter above it.
1. I went to florida on a vacation.
2. Do you know where amy lives?
3. Is it in africa?
4. She likes working in north america with dr. smith.
5. Do you celebrate st. patrick’s day in germany?
6. Does Santa claus live in the north pole?
7. I like to buy the kool-‐aid brand drinks.
8. Do you know what grade i made?
9. She likes to play with her next-‐door neighbor, sally.
10. Let’s go to washington D.C.
Titles of Books
Write the titles of the books correctly.
11. Have you read the hunger games?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
12. The boy likes to read the hungry caterpillar.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Most kids have read goldilocks and the three bears.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Zoobreak is a book many kids like to read.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
184
Quotation Marks
Please place all punctuation in the correct place for the following sentences. Each sentence contains a quote. Write the sentences.
1. everyone is going to go to the zoo tomorrow frank said
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. can i go too asked ellen
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. i cant wait until valentines day exclaimed eli
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. me too said Sidney however i think thanksgiving is the best
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. what do you want for dinner asked mom.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
185
Adjective and Adverb Test Name ________________________________________
Adjectives
1. An adjective describes a _______________.
2. An adverb describes a _______________.
Underline, with one line, the nouns in the following sentences.
Circle the adjectives.
3. Our class is going on a field trip.
4. Mr. Smith is our principal.
5. The pretty girl was singing.
6. The loud dog woke the neighbor.
Use a, an, or the in the following sentences.
7. Did you make (a, an, the) good grade?
19. I saw (a, an, the) elf at the mall.
20. Let’s go play with (a, an, the) girl over there.
Adverbs
Underline, with one line, the verb in the following sentences.
Circle the adverb.
7. The dog barked loudly.
21. She played outside.
22. Do you want to eat soon?
23. The little bird sings sweetly.
186
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