Post on 06-Feb-2018
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TOOL HOLDERS
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Majority of machine tools producing chips
in production shops use a 7/24 taper
(steep) interface between the Spindle &
the Tool holder. This taper found on
Machining Centers & other Machine tools
represents a familiar, widely used & firmly
established Technology.
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SPINDLE
INTERFACE
JBS
TAPER
DIN
CAT
MAS STANDARD
DIN STANDARD
CATERPILLAR STANDARD
JAPAN SMALL MACHINE
STANDARD
7/24 TAPER
7/24 TAPER
BT
7/24 TAPER
7/24 TAPER
HSK
KM
NC5
TWO FACE CONTACT
BBT
DIN STANDARD
KENNAMETAL ORIGINAL
NIKKEN ORIGINAL
BIG ORIGINAL
1/10 TAPER
1/10 TAPER
1/10 TAPER
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Tool Shank
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Drive Slot
Gauge Line
7/24 Taper
V-Groove forTool changer arm Clamping thread
for Pull Stud
Tool Shank
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Tool Shank
Advantages :
Not self Locking.
Does not get jammed in the spindle with use.
Kick out device not required to force tool holder out of Spindle.
Allows tool to be held in place & release with simple Draw bar/Pull stud.
Tool holder once tight in the tapered hole of the Spindle, the tool is
secured.
Tool can be held deep with the body of the holder.
Reduces Tool over hang from Spindle face.
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Advantages :
Simple & Inexpensive to manufacture
Taper angle; only dimension to be machined with high degree of
precision.
Standardized by ISO, ANSI, DIN, JIS etc.,
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Short Comings
Replies on Tapered Surface to play two important role
simultaneously
Taper Surface must precisely locate the tool holder WRT
spindle and provide enough contact between spindle
& tool holder to clamp the tool holder rigidly in position.
Tool Shank
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TAPER ANGLE
7 / 24 TAPER
24
7
7 / 24 TAPER
10
1
1/10 TAPER
1 / 10 TAPER
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TAPER CONE SIZE
MAS403-1982
BT SHANK 7 / 24 TAPER 48.4
3 1 .
7 5
4 6
65.4
4 4 .
4 5
6 3
101.8
1 0 0
6 9 .
8 5
BT30 BT40 BT50
DIN69893 HSK SHANK 1/10 TAPER
HSK-A100 HSK-A63 HSK-A40
50 32 20
4 0
3 0
1 0 0
7 5
6 3
4 8
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Taper Cone Size
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Threads for Clamping on Tool ShankSpanner flat for Clamping
Coolant hole for
Through Spindle Coolant
O-Ring
for Coolant sealing
Pull Stud
Spigot Location
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Pull Stud
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7 / 24 TAPER SHANK
INSTALLATION
UN - CLAMP
CLAMP
DRAWING UNIT COLLET
RETENTION KNOB
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HSK is an example of a taper/interface system
developed for high speed machining
HSK Taper
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HSK Taper
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Advantages :
High static & Dynamic rigidity. Bending load is 30% to 200%
greater than steep Taper holders.
High precision axial & radial reproducibility.
Low mass, low stroke length when tool changing.
Centered clamping with twice the Force
HSK Taper
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Rotate the spindle fast enough, and centrifugal force can
cause the interface to open up. When this occurs, the force
of the drawbar pulls the toolholder deeper into the
spindle. This causes the Z offset to change in mid-cycle.
And after the cycle, when the spindle cools down, the
contracting metal can make removing the toolholder
problematic
The HSK tool holder design, which features a
short, hollow taper, addresses this problem with
two features. One is a clamp that pushes on thetool holder from the inside. Centrifugal force at
high speeds actually helps this clamp. The other
feature is contact at two faces-along the taper, and
also along the spindle face.
Difference between BT & HSK
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HSK Taper
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INSTALLATION
HSK SHANK
UN-CLAMP
CLAMP
SPACE
CONTACT
DRAWING UNIT
COLLET
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HSK SHANK LINE-UP
FOR MACHINING CENTER
C YPE
D TYPE
FOR LATHE
E TYPE
F TYPE
FOR HIGH SPEED
B TYPE
FOR HIGH SPEED
A TYPE
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BENEFIT FOR USING TWO
FACE CONTACT
SPACE
BT40
CONTACT
A63
F
F
BENDING
BENDING
ø44.45
ø63
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SPINDLE THROUGH COOLANT
CENTER THROUGH
RETENTION KNOB WITH HOLE
FLANGE THROUGH
RETENTION KNOB WITHOUT HOLE
SIDE THROUGH
POSITIONING BLOCK
SPINDLE THROUGH
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Types of ToolHolders
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SIDE LOCK SET SCREW
WELDON SHANK
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
•Lowest Cost
•Many shops already have
these holders in use
•Difficult to maintain balance
•Not suited for High Speed Machining
Side Lock Holder
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COLLET HOLDER
ADVANTAGES
•Good Clamping Force
• Acceptable Concentricity
•Multiple Tool Sizes accepted
•Lower Cost
•Easily Cleaned
DISADVANTAGES
•Concentricity must be verified for
each tool
•Difficult to maintain manufacturers
balance specification•Difficult to seal for Through Spindle
Coolant
•Need Skill Operator
Collet Holder
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MILLING CHUCK NEEDLE ROLLER
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
•Good Clamping Force
• Acceptable Concentricity
•
Multiple Tool Sizes accepted•Higher rigidity than Collet Chuck
•Moderate Cost
•Easily Cleaned
•Difficult to seal for Through Spindle
Coolant
•Nose diameter will create
interference
•Limited range of tool shanks per
holder
•Special Wrench required to set
torque in order to prevent damage to
holder
Milling Chuck
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OIL TANK
ADVANTAGES
• Acceptable Clamping Force
•Excellent Concentricity
•Excellent Balance Characteristics•Positive stop maintains axial
positions to assure maximum
clamping force
•Tool Sizes must match Holder ID
•Normally requires shorter tool
shanks to maintain LDR
•Higher Cost
DISADVANTAGES
Hydraulic Holders
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SHRINK FIT HEATING COOLING
Shrink Fit Holders
ADVANTAGES
Excellent Clamping Force
Excellent Concentricity
Excellent Balance CharacteristicsPositive stop maintains axial positions
Small diameter nose minimizesinterference
Short Gage Length
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Tool Sizes must match Holder ID (H6 tolerance)
Higher tool cost due to exacting tolerance requirements
Requires External Equipment
Requires more periodic maintenance Higher skill required to change tools
Highest Cost
Do not use HSS shank
DISADVANTAGES
Shrink Fit Holders
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Shrink Holder Equipment
MST Kelch
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TOOLHOLDER DRILL END • \
MILL TAP
COLLET
HOLDER › › ›
MILLING
CHUCK ¢ › ~
SIDE LOCK ¢ › ~
HYDRAULIC ›
›
~
SHRINK FIT › › ›
:GOOD : BAD : NOTGOOD › ¢ ~
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COOLANT THROUGH METHODS
CUTTER THROUGH COOLANT AROUND TOOL
COLLET THROUGHNOZZLE THROUGH
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MAXIMUM SPINDLE ROTATION
BT30-CTH10-45 40000min-1
BT40-CTH20-60 20000min-1
BT40-CTH25-75 10000min-1
A100-CTH25-135 15000min-1
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ACCURACY
BEARINGS
SCRATCH & CHIPS
RUN-OUT ACCURACY
SCRATCH & CHIPS
SCRATCH & CHIPS
SCRATCH & CHIPS
RUN-OUT ACCURACY
RUN-OUT ACCURACY
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INSPECTIONS OF RUNOUT ACCURACY
MACHINE
SPINDLE
TOOL HOLDER
WITHOUT
A COLLET
CUTTER
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CHATTERING
SHAPE OF WORKPIECE
CLAMPING
RIGIDITY
CUTTER RIGIDITY
TOOL HOLDER RIGIDITY
SPINDLE RIGIDITY
CHUCKING RIGIDITY
INTERFACE RIGIDITY
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Tool Holder Comparison Table
Method
Run Out Rigidity ccess Flexibility Cost pplication Remark
Collet Less 10µm Good Worse Excellent Normal All process Accuracy is
operator dependant
Hydraulic Approx.
4 µm Worse Good N/A Expensive
Except
Roughing
Possible High
Maintenance
Shrink Approx.
3 µm
Excellent Excellent*Less
Costly
All process
H6 Tool Shank
Tolerance required
to AchieveClamping Force
N/A
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Holder RunOut Rigid Balance Remarks
Side lock holder 0.01
Mill chucks 0.01
Collet holder 0.005 need skill
Hydraulic holder 0.003 not for rough
Shrink fit holder 0.003 h6 shank
Not Good Acceptable Excellent
Type Holder Characteristic
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Through Spindle Coolant
Coolant Supply Source
Retention Knob with O-ring
Must allow coolant
to pass through freely