480-87- Review an immigration literacy

test.

- Describe the problems/obstacles facing immigrants during the late

19th and early 20th century.

Quiz:

Analyzing Primary Source Documents: -“New Immigrants to America: Sample Literacy Test” - “President Cleveland (Dem.) : Opposing Literacy Test” - “Senator Lodge (Repub.): Favoring Literacy Test”

-Interpretation:-Point of View:

New Immigrants to the United States

New Immigrants to the United States• “New Immigrants”

• Between 1870-1910 immigrants mainly came from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia and Mexico, instead of from Northern Europe.• Over 20 million immigrants journeyed to the U.S. during this “wave” of immigration including Germans, Irish, Italians, Poles, Asians and Mexicans.

New Immigrants to the United States

New Immigrants to the United States• Reasons for Immigration: (Push/pull factors)

• Economic distress due to increased population.• Poland and Italy

• Religious persecution• Russian Jews faced “pogroms”.

• Transportation systems in Europe boomed, making it possible for large-scale migration

. American steamship & railroad co. agents• Many immigrants came to earn money and then

return home – “birds of passage”.• Chain Migration sped up rate of immigration.

Steerage Passage to New York, (1902) – The cheapest passenger ticket on a ship to the U.S.

from foreign lands.

Ellis Island

Ellis Island “holding area” for newly arrived immigrants.

checking for disease

Health inspection

New Immigration (1870-1910)

New Immigration (1870-1910)• The Neighborhood

• Settled in the same neighborhoods such as “The Pinch” in Memphis and “The Hill” in St. Louis.

Little Italy (New York)

New Immigration (1870-1910)

New Immigration (1870-1910)• The Neighborhood

• Settled in the same neighborhoods such as “The Pinch” in Memphis and “The Hill” in St. Louis.

• The Church formed the center of the neighborhood.

• Formed ethnic associations to help members.• Published ethnic newspapers.• EFFECT? Slowed “assimilation” into American

culture (the adoption of a new culture).• The Job

• Jobs were usually secured with the help of fellow countrymen, contractors (fee based), or ethnic associations.• Many immigrants also faced discrimination in

terms of what types of work they found.

New Immigration (1870-1910)

New Immigration (1870-1910)• Obstacle ?

• Nativism• Favoring native-born inhabitants interests and

culture over those of immigrants.• Caused by the fear of job competition AND the

idea of a “natural hierarchy” of immigrants.

New Immigration (1870-1910)

New Immigration (1870-1910)• Obstacle ?

• Nativism• Favoring native-born inhabitants interests and

culture over those of immigrants.• Caused by the fear of job competition AND the

idea of a “natural hierarchy” of immigrants.• Result:

• Naturalization Act (1870)• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)• American Protective Association (1887)• Immigration Restriction League (1894)

• The Great Migration also represented additional job competition for many immigrants.