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Presentationon

4 Way Traffic Controlling

Signal System

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Submitted By:Mirza Aqeel Baig 2010-EE-324Fazal -u-Rehan 2010-EE-326Anas Siddiqui 2010-EE-339Irfan Yousif 2010-EE-361Naresh Kumar 2010-EE-365

Submitted To:Sir Rehan ShamsSir Umer KhanMiss Hira Khan

Date: May 5th, 2011

Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi

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Introduction To Project

Selected 4 Way Traffic Signal System as our semester project.Completed project easily by using limited available resources.Necessary for us to prevent Accidents and Traffic Jams.It could save our time and life.

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HistoryBefore Invention of Traffic Signals, World was using the Round about to move the traffic which we call Chorangi.First Traffic lights were installed on Dec 10, 1868, outside the British Houses of Parliament in London.The inventor was railway engineer J. P. Knight.Made of semaphores arms, red and green gas lamps for night.It exploded on 2 January 1869, injuring its operator.Electric Traffic controlling system is an American Invention.

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In 1912, Policeman Lester Wire invented Electric Traffic signal.On 5 August 1914, ATSC installed First ETS at Ohio.It had two color lights with a Buzzer as warning for Light changes.The First Four Way, Three Color Traffic Light was created by William Pots. And now whole the world is following Three Color Traffic Light to control the Traffic flow.

*(ATSC= American Traffic Signal Company)*(ETS= Electric Traffic Signal)

History

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This suitable Automatic Traffic Controlling system can be made by using ICs and other electrical components with help of Programming. Its main Features are:1. This ATCS will control the Equal flow of Traffic on

the roads without any disturbance. 2. This ATCS allows the Pedestrian to safely cross

the roads during the certain periods.3. This ATCS is a generalized one and can be

implemented on any road with a slight modification.

Basic Features:

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Schematic of Circuit

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Power Source of 12 Volts.Timer (IC NE555N).Decade Counter(IC 4017).Resistors ( 47kΩ , 100Ω, 100Ω).Capacitors (10µF).Diodes (1N4148).LEDs (4 Red, 4 Green, 4 Yellow).

Components Used:

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Components Used:

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Timer IC (NE555N) The Timer IC (NE555N) is a general-purpose IC that can be used for precision timing, pulse generation, sequential timing, time delay generation, pulse width modulation, pulse position modulation, and linear ramp generation. The 555 can operate in both bitable and monostable modes, with timing pulses ranging from microseconds to hours.

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Basic Feature:Basic Features of IC(NE555N) are as follows:1. It can be operated by various

power supplies being in range of +3Volts to 18 volts.

2. It can bear the 200mA of Current at its output.

3. External components can change its timing intervals.

4. High Output, which can drive TTL.

5. Duty cycle of Timer is Adjustable, its trigger and resets inputs are logic compatible

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Pin No Name Purpose

01 Ground Connected to Ground (Low=0)

02 Trigger Out rises, interval starts when input is below 1/3Vcc

03 Output This output is driven to +Vcc or Ground

04 Reset Timing interval can be interrupted by connecting it to Low

05 Control Control access to the internal voltage divider

06 Threshold Interval ends when the Current is > CTRL

07 Discharge Open Collector, May discharge the Capacitor

08 Vcc Positive Supply between 13Volts and 18 Volts

Pin Configuration:Bellow is the Complete Pin configuration of Timer IC 555:-

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Decade Counter IC(CD4017) The IC 4017 is a versatile IC of the CMOS family which has got wide range of applications. Internally it consists of a 10 stage decade counter/divider. When a clock pulse is applied to it externally, its outputs become logic 'hi' and 'lo' sequentially (one after the other). It has got numerous applications. for example in circuits where sequential switching are required and also in decorative ornamental lighting, where the lights are switched on and off sequentially giving it a 'running' effect.

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Sixteen Pin IC, It has different works at its each pin.. Here is Complete Pin Configuration for the Pins:

Pin Configuration:

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Pin No. Name Purpose

01 6 The Sixth Sequential output

02 2 The 2nd Sequential Output

03 1 The 1st Sequential Output

04 3 The 3rd Sequential Output

05 7 The 7th Sequential Output

06 8 The 8th Sequential Output

07 4 The 4th Sequential Output

08 VDDConnected to Ground(VDD =0 volts)

09 9 The 9th Sequential Output

10 5 The 5th Sequential Output

11 10 The 10th Sequential Output

12 CO Carry output, Output HIGH occurs on count 0 to 4, Output LOW on count 5 to 9.

13 LE Latch Enable, Latch Enables when the current output is HIGH.

14 CLK Clock In

15 RST RESET, Set s output 1 HIGH & outputs 2 through 10 LOW

16 VCC =+9V

Connect to Vcc+ (Voltage Between +3V and15 V)

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1. Resistors:

We have used three Resistors in this project , their work is to deliver required currents to the components and to limit the current flow in the circuit. Bellow are the details of resistors used:

Components Used:

No. Value of Resistor Color Band

01 47KΩ Gold, Yellow, Violet, Red

02 100Ω Gold, Brown, Black, Brown

03 100Ω Gold, Brown, Black, Brown

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2. Capacitors:

One and only capacitor has been used to store a small charge for operation of Circuit, Bellow is the detail of the Capacitors used:

3. Diodes:Eight diodes have been used in this

circuit, which are doing the operation of Switching.

Components Used:

S. No Value

01 10µF

Name of Diode Number of Diode

1n4148 8 Diodes

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4. LEDs:

I think, we should not give any introduction to this components as it is was main need of our project.

Components Used:

S. No Color No. of Used LEDs

01 Red 04

02 Yellow 04

03 Green 04

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IC(NE555N) is a Timer IC used for precision timing, pulse generation, sequential timing, time delay generation. First Pin of Timer IC is connected to the ground while Trigger(Pin 2) and Threshold(Pin 6) are common with a resistor of 47KΩ and 10µF capacitor which are directly connected to Ground. This will drop the voltage to 1/3 Vcc and Hence trigger will be operated. While Vcc (Pin 8) is common with RESET(Pin 4) and Hence Circuits start work with resetting the previous value. IC(CD4017) is Decade Counter Chip which deliver sequential output (Low after each High), Decade Counter Clock (Pin 14) is common with Output of Timer(Pin 3), Pin 8 is ground while RESET (Pin 15) in this is Connected to Ground and Clock inhibit is connected (Pin 13) and Vcc is High as previous. Now this IC will deliver ten sequential outputs Qo -Q9, Qo(3) is directly connected to Yellow LEDs(North/South) and Q1(2),Q2(4), Q3(7), Q4(10) are common and directly connected to Green LEDs(North/South) and its connected with Red LEDs(East/West) and Negative of the yellow LEDs is common with these two color LEDs. And a Resistor of 100Ω, resistor is connected to secure the LEDs. Similarly Q5(1) is Connected to yellow LEDs (East/West) and the Q6(5), Q7(6), Q8(9), Q9(11) are common and are connected with the Positive of Green LED(East/West) and Red LEDs are connected with these green lights &

Working:

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A resistor of 100Ω connected with these Red LEDs(East/West), its starts work when a Voltage Source of 12 Volts is connected to the Board.

Working Principle: This will work as Follows:

Working:

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Refrence:

1) http://www.google.com/2) http://www.en.wikipedia.org/3) http://www.electrondepot.com/4) http://elenota.pl/pdf/Philips/74hc_hct4017_cnv_2.pdf5) http://www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/philips/HEF4017BN.pdf6) http://forum.allaboutcircuits.com/showthread.php?t=328087) All the other material was searched and received from Google

search engine..

Here are all references from where we got this material, we read,

understood and implemented this.

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Any Question

Thank You

God Bless You

Created with Caring Hands by:Automatic Traffic Signal Group Company

May 1st , 2011

ImplementRead Understand

“….happy to those who completed their projects with true efforts…”

Thank you

Thank You for All you Did for Us

Digital Logic Design

Lab Teachers

Today I BlessGod for You.

Thank You for Being You.

May God Continue to

BlessYou Always. God Bless You Always

“….Thank you Sir for enlightening us with your knowledge and thanks to you for your precious time, which you spent on us and thanks to you for understanding our resources and taking care of us in sharing your bright knowledge with us…”“….I t was a good experience that we have been taught by you people who not only completed our course but also made us available to face new need of the country….”

Thank you very much…!!!!Kind Regards:Automatic Traffic Signal System Project Tem