Post on 02-Jun-2018
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues
An overview
Sophia ThemelarouLloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil unker Analysis and Advisory Servi!e "FOAS#
ELINA PROJECT – 5th FORUM, APRIL 25TH 2014
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
Overview
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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%ART &Fuel 'uality
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
(ntrodu!tion
• Bunker fuel is NOT a uniform product or product stream in itself
• Various streams of heavy residues and lighter cutter stocks are used tomake the final blend
• Product in bunker tanks on board the ship is the result of optimization
between production costs and compliance with specifications
• Composition of fuel delivered to ships has changed over the last fewdecades
• Rising costs and fluctuations in feedstock quality as well as optimized
refining techniques make fuels more comple in nature
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
$arine Fuel Oils
Residual fuel oils
Blended from!
"tmospheric residues
Vacuum residues
Visbroken residue
Process residues# distillate
$istillates
Blends usually for $%C grades onl
' ("%)*
Grades (ISO 8217:2010):
RMA10, RMB30, RMD80
RME180
RMG180, RMG380, RMG500RMG700, RMK380, RMK500, RMK700
Grades (ISO 8217:2010):DMX, DMA, DMZ and DMB
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
%ain target blend specification
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
From Fuel )ompati*ility to Sta*ility
+nit sheets
"sphaltene stacks
,tart of agglomerate
formation
"sphaltene deposits
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
Two+)omponent $odel "Shell, &-.#
• Fuel oil system consists of two pseudo components:
• "sphaltenes ! largest- most polar molecules with a tendency toform a separate phase Ass!ned "a#$e! (R ma .insolubility number/
• %altenes ! the rest of the solution which acts as a solvent for theasphaltenes Ass!ned "a#$e! Po .solubility number/
Fuel is stable as long as Po > FR max (or Po/FR max >!
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
Fuel 'uality /ey (ssues
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
(s sludge generation a pro*lem0
1
.23 of the total investigation !ases of FOAS ".4&5# were sludge6 7lter !logging
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%ART .Future development
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
8missions regulations drivers
• ,01
• 201
• C03
• Particulate %atter
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
$arine 89haust 8mission )ontrols
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
Sulphur 8missions Regulatory Framework
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
)urrent 8mission )ontrol Areas "8)A+SO9#
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
Redu!ing 8missions : The Re7neries %erspe!tive
• Currently shipping is a wide residual fuel market ' low value by product' bsignificant investment required to deliver 45675 8 45695: , fuel ; 3597&3
<ill abatement technologies or "lt ; fuels ease demand on refineries* <ill emissions technology evolve resulting in more stranded refinery
investment risk*
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Lloyd’s Register $arine FOAS
Alternative Fuels0
8/10/2019 4 LR Spotlight on Marine Fuel Quality
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Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register ;roup Limited, its su*sidiaries and a<liates=)opyright > Lloyd’s Register ?8ntity@= .4&5= A mem*er of the Lloyd’s Register group=
Sophia ThemelarouFOAS Assistant Spe!ialist, $arine Fuels 8nvironmentFuel Oil unker Analysis and Advisory Servi!e "FOAS# T B54 .&4 C-D4 DEC 8 sophia=themelaroulr=org
Gelleni! Lloyd’s SADE, Akti $iaouli Street
%iraeus, &D- 5D
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