Affordable Housing –Indian Perspective

Migration to Urban AreasUrban population trend

328 mn 576 Million (NOW) (By 2030)

Total housing requirement Required - 26.53 million unitsAvailable - 1.82 million units

Shortage - 24.71 million units (99%) Economic Weaker Sections (EWS) andLow income groups (LIG) represent majority (Annual income of USD 1,550 USD)

Affordable Housing – Major Need

India in initial stage of learning

Land availability

Growing gap between demand and supply

Skyrocketing house costs

Unplanned settlementsWaste management

Traffic congestion

Impact on housing quality

Affordable Housing – Key Issues

Green & Affordability

Project Cost : 22 USD/sq ft

OR 1,000 INR/sq ft

Typical GB -cost structure: 20 to 80 USD / sq. ft.

LEED Gold Rated BuildingLEED Platinum Rated Building

Typical affordable house at cost less than 22 USD (1,000 INR / sq ft) - Possible

Project Cost : 67 USD/sq ft

OR 3,000 INR/sq ft

Affordable Homes : Green Features

Maximum daylight and ventilation

Use of local and recycled materials

Rain water harvesting

Onsite waste water treatment

Treated water for flushing &

irrigation

Onsite renewable energy

Biogas, solar cookers and lanterns

Green & affordable Buildings

Examples

Laurie Baker’s - Centre for Development Studies, Kerala, India

Source: www.lauriebaker.net• Mud - walls, roofs, foundation• Cane, bamboo and mat material - Roof

Chengalchoola Slum Colony, Trivandrum

Source: www.lauriebaker.netSource: www.lauriebaker.net

• Mud - Walls and foundation• Cane - Roof

Few Examples

• Construction of arches and domes with compressed stabilised earth blocks• Stabilised rammed earth foundations Source: Auroville Earth Institute

Auroville Visitors Centre, Auroville

• Plinths and walls in stabilized earth blocks• Floorings with Composite Stabilized Earth Block tiles• Paints and plasters with stabilized earth

Source: Auroville Earth Institute

Vikas Community, Auroville

• Use of natural laterite blocks for walls• Minimum use of steel and concrete• Centrally air-conditioned residential campus

Less energy consumptionSource: BCIL

T-ZED homes

Source: Ar. Shirish Beri

• Natural earth, mud & stones - Wall

• Cow dung & mud for flooring

Organic Farming Association of India, Pune

Source: Abhikram

Affordable - Schools

• Use of natural stones & blocks for walls

• Naturally ventilated

• Enhanced daylighting

Affordable – Gated Community

Unique & tough curves & arches – made of compact earth blocks

Urban Housing

Availability of landLand cost is exorbitantly costlier

Advantage ChallengesAvailability of high end construction materialAvailability of skilled labour

Rural Housing

Lack of infrastructure Vulnerable to natural calamities and fire

Advantages ChallengesAvailability of land Traditionally – Low foot printWill achieve minimum Gold or 4 star

Way Forward - FutureHorizonticality (Horizontal) to Verticality

Vertical construction forced in long run

Way Forward - FutureVertical construction – Challenge

Security & Protection of property & occupants

Way Forward - FutureBetter connectivity to suburbs

Integrated mass transportation

Way Forward - FutureMaster city planning

Effective land use planning and management

Facilitate model cities

Adequate provision of land for poor in master plan itself

Lavasa, India

Way Forward - FutureNeed more new cities

Avoid rural migration to few existing cities

India, 1.2 billion population - 100 citiesUS, 0.3 billion population - 1,000 plus major cities

India needs 500 plus cities

Satellite Cities / Counter Magnet CitiesAffordable housing including all basic facilities

Integrated with employment opportunities

Basic infrastructure facilitiesRoads, Power, Water, Transport etc.,

Way Forward - Future

Affordable building materialsInnovative composite materials

Also greatly helps industries in environmental protection and employment generation

Prefabricated building material and components

Enhances quality and performance of the productReduction of waste generationReduces the need for skilled labour

Way Forward - Future

Thank You

Hamlet House

Source: www.lauriebaker.net