Post on 30-Oct-2014
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Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics
Julianna Archacki
Alexandria Tsang
11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel
11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel’s peas
Genes and Dominance A trait like seed color or plant
height. The offspring of crosses between
parents with different traits is hybrid.
Gregor Mendel’s peas
Genes and Dominance A trait like seed color or plant
height. The offspring of crosses between
parents with different traits is hybrid.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Segregation is separation of alleles during gamete formation.
Gamete is a cell involved in sexual reproduction.
Segregation is separation of alleles during gamete formation.
Gamete is a cell involved in sexual reproduction.
11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares
11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares
• Genetics and probability Probability can be used to measure the outcome of
genetic crosses.
• Punnett Squares BB,bb is Homozygous.
Bb is Heterozygous.
All the tall plants have the same Phenotype. Genotype is genetic makeup of an organism.
• Genetics and probability Probability can be used to measure the outcome of
genetic crosses.
• Punnett Squares BB,bb is Homozygous.
Bb is Heterozygous.
All the tall plants have the same Phenotype. Genotype is genetic makeup of an organism.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
11-3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics
11-3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics
» Independent Assortment The genes for different traits can segregate
independently during the formation of gametes.
» Incomplete Dominance One allele is not completely dominant over another.
» Codominance Both alleles give to the phenotype of the
organism.
Multiple Alleles means genes more than 2 alleles then others.
Polygentic Traits means traits controlled by 2 or more genes. Many traits are made by the interaction of different genes.
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11-4 Meiosis11-4 Meiosis
• Meiosis is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
• Meiosis is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps
The chromosomes assort independently; individual genes do not.