Post on 22-Dec-2015
3D Images of residual oil in an Ottawa sand
Congjiao Xie, Saif Ai-Sayari and Martin BluntEarth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London
Outline• Aims• Overview • Experimental set-up
– The Hassler cell for Benchmark experiments– Apparatus for tiny samples– Micro-CT
• Results– 2D image– 3D first results
• Future Work• Acknowledgements
Aims
• To set up a new apparatus to image fluid distribution at the pore scale using micro-CT
• To gain a 3D image of the flow behavior at pore scale when brine, oil and gels are used
• To find the distribution of residual oil after the flow of water and cross-linked polyacrylamide
Overview•Reservoir engineering methods•Numerical Simulation•Micro-scale tests
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
3 6 4 8 1 5 0 0 3 6 4 8 2 0 0 0 3 6 4 8 2 5 0 0 3 6 4 8 3 0 0 0 3 6 4 8 3 5 0 0 3 6 4 8 4 0 0 0 3 6 4 8 4 5 0 0 3 6 4 8 5 0 0 0 3 6 4 8 5 5 0 0
3 6 4 8 1 5 0 0 3 6 4 8 2 0 0 0 3 6 4 8 2 5 0 0 3 6 4 8 3 0 0 0 3 6 4 8 3 5 0 0 3 6 4 8 4 0 0 0 3 6 4 8 4 5 0 0 3 6 4 8 5 0 0 0 3 6 4 8 5 5 0 0
4 1 4 2 5 0 0
4 1 4 3 0 0 0
4 1 4 3 5 0 0
4 1 4 4 0 0 0
4 1 4 4 5 0 0
4 1 4 5 0 0 0
4 1 4 5 5 0 0
4 1 4 2 5 0 0
4 1 4 3 0 0 0
4 1 4 3 5 0 0
4 1 4 4 0 0 0
4 1 4 4 5 0 0
4 1 4 5 0 0 0
4 1 4 5 5 0 0
H P 3H K 30A
H K 30
H K 21
H K 20A
H K 30C
H K 20
H K 22D 968
H K 20B
H P 1
D 1342D 1341AD 1341
H K 9A
D 985A
H K 23A
H K 9
H T1A
D 994
D 985
H K 23
H K 1B
D 985B
H K 8A
H K 5H K 1A
H T1
H K 1C
D 977
H K 8
H K 25
H K 4 H K 3
D 488
H K 19
H K 16H K 7
H K 17B
H K 6
D 650
H K 17AH K 14
D 108D 651
H K 11D 265
H K 12 D 762
D 185
H K 24 H K 17CH K 15 D 872
D 1940H K 13
H K 100 250 500 750 1000
Procedure
Micro-CT imaging
Tiny Core Plug
Pores throats
coordination numbers
Fluidcharacterization
Actualnetwork
LatticeBoltzmann
Geometry
Network geometry
Element permeabilities
Fluids parameters
Core prediction
Permeabilities
Fluid parameters
Fluids injection
Experimental set-upHassler cell
Experimental set-upApparatus for tiny samples
PVC-U ( Polyvinyl Chloride )max operating temperatureis 60 ℃
37.8mm25.4mm6.5 mm
Experimental set-upApparatus for tiny sample
Injection sequence:
30 PV of oil
70 PV of brine
10 PV of Gel (HPAM)
(a low molecular weight and
low hydrolysis polyacrylamide
cross-linked with chromium)
20 PV of oil
3 PV of brine
Experimental set-upProperties of fluids
FluidsDensity
@20℃(gm/cm3)
Viscosity @20℃(mPa.s)
Brine
(5% Nacl + 1% Kcl)1.03 1.08
Oil
( Multipar H)0.76 1.13
HPAM Gel
(Tetramethoxysilane) 0.86 4.22
Experimental set-upApparatus for tiny sample
A range of rates from 0.5 to 50 cc/min
Experimental set-upMicro-CT scanner
ResultsPorosityPermeabilityRelative permeability
Ø=26.4%,K=200.8md Ø=23.4%,K=133md
Sw=44%Sw=50%
Sor=27% Sor=30%
ResultsNo. Date Porosity Permeability
1 13-09-06 32.3% 2.12D
2 20-10-06 34.8% 2.41D
3 23-11-06 33.1% 2.28D
No. Date Porosity Permeability
1 28-10-06 34.1% 2.01D
2 18-11-06 36.8% 2.25D
3 20-12-06 35.5% 2.13D
D=37.8 mm
D=6.6 mm
A subregion in Sw (b) The same region in Sor (c) pore/rock and brine/oil segmentation results for this regionFrom M.Prodanovic et al.2006
Results2D image
Results3D first results
Micro-CT data
Petrel Software
Modelling
3D image
Future Works
• Injecting Gel to simulate Polymer Drive Mechanism
• Injecting nitrogen and water to study three-phase flow
• Comparison of Micro-CT results with Benchmark experimental data on sand packs and sandstones
Residual oil distribution after
cross-linked polymer floodin
g at different steps
in Xiaermen oil field, China
a
c
b
grain
grain
grain
Residual oil distribution for different sandstone modelsFrom Xiaermen oil field, China
Crosslinkedpolymer
Residual oil after polyme
r flooding
crosslinkedpolymer
extendedresidual oil
skeleton
Future Works
• Distribution of residual oil saturation as a function of wettability and saturation history
Acknowledgements• I would like to express my sincere thanks t
o my supervisor Prof.Martin Blunt for his guidance and support throughout this work.
• I’m also grateful to Dr. Mariela for her initial discussions.
• I’d like to thank the administration of Petrophysics lab engineers for their helps.
• I’m also grateful to the staff for their friendly environment.
Welcome to
Thanks! Questions?
o
w
rw
row
k
kf
1
1
11
12
tStSk
kfF jojw
rw
rojww
图版图版
1
1
0904.0
1
wrw
ro
fk
k
+(
wjf2224175.0306733.1082901.0 ww FF
2224175.0306733.0082901.0 ww FF jkk /
= ( )
)