Post on 06-Feb-2016
READ AND CONSIDER
Let’s think about it
Listen and do
Language in context
Writing
In this part you will learn to
• Use the present simple to describe a present state
• express hypothesis / condition using if‐conditional type 1
• express quantity with enough, too much , too many etc.
• express cause and effect with because, as, etc.
• form adjectives by adding the suffix –y to nouns.
• pronounce the final ‘s’ and you will: write an expository article
• Answer the questions below 1. Do you think that our eating habits have changed over the last
years? If yes in what ways? 2. Do you think that advertising has contributed in any way to
changing these habits? 3. Look at the following picture and guess what the reading
passage is about? Tick the answer you think is right.
The text is about: a.Food safety b. energy balance c. GMFs
1. Read the text below and check your answer to question 3. How is Your Energy Balance ?
Let’s think about it
Listen and do
It is important for people to eat as much food as they need to make sure they have the right amount of energy. If they eat too little food or the wrong kind of food , they won’t have enough energy. If they eat too much (food), they will put on weight. When we eat enough food for the exercise we take, we call this energy balance. (§1) In many parts of the modern world today, people eat a lot of fast food and don’t take enough exercise. They also eat a lot of sweets between meals. Although most people know that fatty and sugary foods can cause a loss of their energy balance,they find it difficult to refrain from eating them.(§2) A recent study shows that a great number of people who cannot manage to keep their energy balance are those who spend to much time in front of their TV sets. If people eat too many products which contain a large amount of fat and sugar – also called junk food‐ and too few products which provide them with enough quantities of fibre, it is because of the many advertisements to which they are exposed while watching TV. This study also shows that though parents advise their children to eat sensibly, a great many of these children don’t pay much attention to the amount of fast food they eat. Parental advice is no help at all if the children continue to be exposed to such advertisements. (§3) Unfortunately the loss of energy balance is not without health and social consequences. Owing to this loss , a lot of people today suffer from obesity. According to the World Health Organisation, for the first time in history, the world population counts more obese people than slim ones.As a result of overweight, many of them have developed diseases that cost the social security systems of their countries billions and billions of dollars every year. The financial problem of these security systems is likely to worsen as no concrete measures are taken to treat the real causes of overweight at world level. (§4) Since obesity in our modern times is caused mostly by a loss of energy balance, which is due mainly to the impact of junk food adverts, it is high time our governments passed laws to limit this influence. Advertisements of unhealthy foods are as harmful as advertisements for cigarettes.
Therefore, they should be banned from the media, and wealth warnings should be added on the labels of fast food packages. (§5)
Text written by the authors of New Prospects (S.A Arab, B. Riche and M. Bensemane)
2. Read the text and mark the statements as true (T) or false (F) . Correct the false ones.
A. An insufficient amount of food can cause a loss of energy balance. …….
B. Today people don’t take the amount of exercise necessary for their energy balance. ……..
C. There are too many advertisements for unhealthy food. As a consequence, people don’t pay enough attention to their energy balance. …….
D. Obesity causes a lot of diseases. Unless something is done about it, social security systems will probably encounter a financial problem soon. ……..
E. The advertising of food has a positive influence on our eating habits. So our governments should encourage it. …….
3. Tick the appropriate answer. A. Energy balance is achieved when:
a. we eat the right kind of food b. we pay attention to the amount of junk food we eat c. when the amount of food eaten is equal to the energy used to do physical activity.
B. “Enough” means: a. sufficient b. excess of c. insufficient C. “Junk food” means food that contains: a. enough fibres b. enough vitamins c. much fat and sugar
4. What do the words written in bold in the text refer to? ‐ Paragraph 1: ‐Paragraph 2 :
* They ……… * They ……… * this ……… * their ………
* them ………. ‐ Paragraph 3: ‐Paragraph 4: * their ……….. * ones ……. * those ………. * their ……… * This ……….. * their ……….. * they ………… ‐ Paragraph 5: * which ……….. * they ……….
A/ Grammar
Consider the tenses used in the text and answer questions A‐B below. A. The tense which is mostly used in the text is the Present Simple
because the text is : a. expository b. narrative c. rgumentative
B. We use the Present Simple tense in other situations/cases. Match each of the following sentences containing a verb in the present simple with the case/situation it corresponds to.
SENTENCES Cases/situations 1‐ Too much junk food causes obesity.2‐ If they eat too much, they will put on weight. 3‐ I go jogging every evening. 4‐ John is obese.
a. habitual action b. description c. permanent truth d. description of a situation based on fact ( conditional type 1)
Language in context
Present simple tense
See grammar reference (p.93‐100)
Task: Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple. Obesity and weight problems (be) among the top five enemies of good health. Obesity (increase)the risk of disease and death due to stroke, diabetes, and some cancers. Weight loss and regular exercise (help) alleviate the harmful effects of being overweight. Studies (show) that if you (be) overweight or obese, losing 5% to 10% of your body weight can improve your health. Consider sentences A and B . Then answer questions 1‐4 that follow.
A. If they eat too little food or the wrong kind of food , they will not get enough energy.
B. If they eat too much food, they will put on weight. 1. What do the clauses in bold type express? Tick the right answer
a. cause b. condition c. consequence 2. Do the clauses in bold type express reality or supposition? 3. What 2 tenses are used in sentences A and B? Complete the
following rule of form If + subject + ……………….. , subject + ……………….
4. When do we use conditional type 1 ? Tick the right answer.
• We use conditional type1 when we talk about: a. possible situations and their probable results b. impossible situations c. something true at any time
See grammar reference (p.93‐100) Task: Join each pair of sentences to write an if‐conditional sentence. Do as shown in the example.
If‐conditional type 1
Example: You eat rotten food. You have a serious indigestion. If you eat rotten food, you will have a serious indigestion.
A. You have a serious indigestion. You go and see a doctor B. You go and see a doctor. He hospitalizes you for two to three
weeks. C. Doctor hospitalizes you for two or three weeks. You lose your job. D. You lose your job. You no longer ear enough money to buy good
food.
Go back to the text on the previous pages and answer the following questions. A. Which quantifier in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
‘sufficient’ or ‘appropriate’ ? B. Pick out the 4 sentences that contain quantifiers preceded by the
degree adverb too. Which one means ‘an excessive amount of’ and which one means ‘not enough/an insufficient amount of’?
C. What do too many , too little , too much and too few mean? Write the appropriate quantifier next to the explanation given. ………………………………… = an excessive number of ……………………………….. = an excessive amount of …………………… = not enough/ an insufficient amount of ……………………………….. = an insufficient number of
D. The quantifiers and quantity expressions in the first column are in the text. Read it again then say which type of nouns they can be used with. Put a cross in the appropriate column.
Enough, too much/many, too little
Quantifier/ Quantity expression
Countable noun
Uncountable noun
Both
1. Much/ too much 2. Little / too little 3. Many /too many 4. Few / too few 5. A lot of 6. enough 7. A large number of8. A large amount of 9. A great many of
See grammar reference (p.93‐100) Task: Fill in the blanks with too much , too little , too many and too few so that the sentences in the health warnings below make sense. An example is provided for you.
A. Too little calcium may be harmful to your health. B. Eating ……………sugar may cause diabetes. C. …………………. vitamin A may result in poor eyesight. D. Eating ……………. fat can make one overweight. E. Exposure to ……. UV rays may give rise to skin cancer. F. The beriberi disease is due to …………….B 12 vitamin. G. The kidney disease may result from ………….. calcium. H. Weaknesses in our immunity system may be the result of
……………….. white blood cells. I. Anaemia is cause by ………….. red blood cells.
Consider sentences A‐E . Then answer questions 1‐3.
A. Because of the many advertisements, people eat too many products which contain a large amount of fat and sugar.
B. Loss of energy balance is due to junk food advertisements. C. Owing to this loss , a lot of people today suffer from obesity.
Because (of) , as , since , owing to , due to
D. Since obesity is the result of the impact of junk food adverts , it is high time our government passed laws to limit this influence.
E. The financial problem of these security systems is likely to worsen as no concrete measures are taken.
1. What type of relationship do the link words in bold indicate? Tick the right answer.
a. result b. cause c. purpose 2. Read the sentences again and circle the punctuation. 3. Consider sentences A‐E. Then complete the following rule with the appropriate link word.
• Because of ……………….. + noun phrase + , + rest of the ………………. Sentence
• Subject + verb + Since Subject + verb + …… + subject + verb + rest Subject+verb+because of the sentence
Task: Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the link words in the box . There are several possibilities.
A. Advertising is necessary for new businesses ……… it informs consumers about the services and products they offer
B. ……. the advertisement of fast foods, many people have developed unhealthy eating habits.
C. ………. Consumers are aware of the importance of the environment, most food industries now put eco‐labels on the packages of their products.
B/ Vocabulary
• Read the tips below carefully. Then do task 1 that follows. Task 1: Turn the nouns in bold in texts A and B into adjectives ending in –y.
A. ‘Salt ,Spice, and pepper foods are both savour and taste. Be careful , eating too much of these foods may cause you trick health problems in the long term. So don’t be greed.’
B. People are well aware that it is not ease to have a speed recovery from food poisoning. And yet , they continue to eat in dirt , dust and stuff fast food restaurants with slime floors and counters.
Task 2: Choose the most appropriate word in brackets to make the text below meaningful. Life is becoming increasingly (cheap‐ expensive) . So when (shoppers‐ sellers) do their shopping they are more likely to look at the (price tags‐quality labels) of the products than anything else. (Saving‐ Spending) even a little money by buying ( high‐ poor) quality goods helps people with a (high‐ low) budget to pay utility (bills‐ charges) and the (rent‐lease) for the flat at the end of the month. These (savings‐ spending) also help (purchase‐sell) mobile phones for the loved ones.
TIPS We can the suffix –y to many nouns to form adjectives . E.g. sugar sugary ; health healthy When a noun ends with a consonant+ vowel + consonant ( CVC) , we double the last consonant. E.g. Fat fatty .
C/ Pronunciation
• Go back to the text and pick out words ending in “s” and classify them in the table below according to the pronunciation of their final “s”.
• Write an expository article developing the statement in italics below. Follow the procedure indicated. Food safety has become one of the major worries for mankind. This worry has three major sources: industries, food additives and fast foods.
1. Read he causes and effects listed below.
/ S/ /Z/ /IZ/
Reasons/ causes Results/ effects ‐ industries polluting the soil with chemicals/too much toxic waste thrown into rivers/ farmers using too many insecticide sprays ….(§1) ‐ too many additives (preservatives, flavourings, colourings) using too much salt/sugar ….(§2) ‐ too few people preparing their own meals/too many people eating in fast food restaurants/ fast food containing too much fat ….(§3)
‐ poisoning of water sources/too little water to drink/ fruits and vegetables containing insecticide and chemical residues….(§1) ‐ people developing allergies/suffering from food poisoning…. (§2) ‐ putting on weight/ developing diseases ….(§3)
Language in context
2. Link the causes and effects using the following
connectors:because,owing to, since, as , due to, as a result , so, consequently.
3. Write a first draft of your newspaper article. Organize it according to the diagram below. In your conclusion, try to suggest a solution to the problem.
§1 §2 §3 Body
4. Review your newspaper article paying attention to punctuation, spelling mistakes , subject‐verb agreement, tenses and sentence construction. Then write your final version.
introduction conclusion