3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous

system

3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

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3.01, 3.02 Essential Questions What are the structures of the nervous system?What are the structures of the nervous system? What are the functions of the nervous system? What are some disorders of the nervous system? How are nervous system disorders treated? How does the nervous system relate to the

body’s communication systems?

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

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Introduction: Structures of the nervous system

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

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Cellular structures of the nervous system

Neuron- a nerve cellNeuron- a nerve cell

Extensions of the neuronExtensions of the neuron

Dendrites - manyDendrites - many

Axon - oneAxon - one

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

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Cellular structures of the nervous system

Neuron- a nerve cellNeuron- a nerve cell Myelin sheath - a Myelin sheath - a

special covering of the special covering of the axonaxon

Synapse – the space Synapse – the space between neuronsbetween neurons

3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

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Functions of the nervous system:Neurons

What do they do?What do they do?

How do these functions impact health?How do these functions impact health?Sensory Sensory MotorMotorAssociativeAssociative

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Structures of the nervous system

Central nervous Central nervous systemsystem

BrainBrain

Spinal cordSpinal cord

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Structures of the nervous system Peripheral nervous Peripheral nervous

systemsystem

NervesNerves

Cranial nervesCranial nerves

Spinal nervesSpinal nerves

Sensory receptorsSensory receptors

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

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Structures of the central nervous system:

BRAINBRAIN

3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system

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Functions of the central nervous

system: BrainThink about it…Think about it…

How do you use your brain?How do you use your brain?

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

CerebrumCerebrum Divided into two Divided into two

hemispheres (right hemispheres (right and left)and left)

Frontal lobeFrontal lobe Occipital lobeOccipital lobe Parietal lobeParietal lobe Temporal Temporal

lobelobe

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Functions of the central nervous

system: BrainHow do you use your How do you use your Cerebrum?Cerebrum?

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN DiencephalonDiencephalon

Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain

StructuresStructures ThalamusThalamus HypothalamusHypothalamus Pineal bodyPineal body Pituitary glandPituitary gland

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

DiencephalonDiencephalon ThalamusThalamus – spherical mass of – spherical mass of

gray matter; deep in the cerebral gray matter; deep in the cerebral hemisphereshemispheres

HypothalamusHypothalamus – lies below the – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic systemthalamus; part of the limbic system

Pineal body Pineal body – endocrine system – endocrine system glandgland

Pituitary gland Pituitary gland – endocrine – endocrine system glandsystem gland

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Functions of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN DiencephalonDiencephalon

Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain

StructuresStructuresThalamusThalamusHypothalamusHypothalamusPineal bodyPineal bodyPituitary glandPituitary gland

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Functions of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN DiencephalonDiencephalon

Thalamus – spherical Thalamus – spherical mass of gray mattermass of gray matter

HypothalamusHypothalamusPineal bodyPineal bodyPituitary glandPituitary gland

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN Limbic systemLimbic system

Located in the center Located in the center of the brainof the brain

Encircles the top of Encircles the top of the brain stem.the brain stem.

Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)(Informational only for reference.)

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

CerebellumCerebellum

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Functions of the central nervous

system: BrainHow do you use your cerebellum?cerebellum?

Discuss the functions of the Discuss the functions of the cerebellum illustrated in this cerebellum illustrated in this gymnast’s picture.gymnast’s picture.

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

BrainBrain stemstem MidbrainMidbrain Pons Pons Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata

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Functions of the central nervous system: BrainHow do you use your How do you use your brain stem?brain stem?

MidbrainMidbrain

PonsPons

Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata

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Functions of the central nervous system: Brain

Discuss the relevance of the Discuss the relevance of the

brain stem brain stem for these functions?for these functions?

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

MeningesMeninges Dura materDura mater

Outermost layerOutermost layer ArachnoidArachnoid

Middle layer Middle layer Pia materPia mater

Innermost layerInnermost layer

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

Ventricles Ventricles - - lined cavities deep within the brain filled with cerebrospinal

fluidChoroid plexus – rich

network of blood vessels

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Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal CordSpinal Cord

Surrounded by the Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluidcerebrospinal fluid

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Functions of the central nervous system:

Spinal CordDiscuss the functions of the spinal cord.

What is the relevance to health?

Brain

Body

Structures

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Structures of the peripheral nervous system Peripheral Peripheral

nervous systemnervous system 12 cranial nerves12 cranial nerves 31 pairs of nervous31 pairs of nervous

Anterior

View

Posteriorview

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Structures of the peripheral nervous system

I. I. OlfactoryOlfactory II. OpticII. Optic III. OculomotorIII. Oculomotor IV. TrochlearIV. Trochlear V. TrigeminalV. Trigeminal VI. AbducensVI. Abducens VII. FacialVII. Facial VIII. VestibulocochlearVIII. Vestibulocochlear IX. GlossopharyngealIX. Glossopharyngeal X. VagusX. Vagus XI. AccessoryXI. Accessory XII. HypoglossalXII. Hypoglossal

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Structures of the peripheral nervous system

Peripheral Peripheral nervous systemnervous system 31 pairs of spinal 31 pairs of spinal

nervesnerves

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Structures of the peripheral nervous system

Motor systemMotor system Autonomic Autonomic

nervous systemnervous systemSympathetic Sympathetic

nervous systemnervous systemParasympathetic Parasympathetic

nervous systemnervous system Somatic nervous Somatic nervous

systemsystem

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Autonomic nervous systemAutonomic nervous system Sympathetic Sympathetic

nervous systemnervous system Extends from the base Extends from the base

of the brain, along both of the brain, along both sides of the spinal sides of the spinal columncolumn

These nerves connect These nerves connect to all internal organsto all internal organs

Parasympathetic Parasympathetic nervous systemnervous system The vagus nerve The vagus nerve

connects the medulla connects the medulla with organs of the with organs of the upper bodyupper body

The pelvic nerve The pelvic nerve emerges from the emerges from the spinal cord and spinal cord and connects with the connects with the organs of the lower organs of the lower bodybody

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Somatic nervous systemSomatic nervous system

These nerves are These nerves are located along the located along the spinal cord.spinal cord.

Connect skeleton, Connect skeleton, muscles and joints muscles and joints to the brain.to the brain.

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Functions of the

Peripheral nervous system

Cranial Spinal

What do the peripheral nerves do?

What is their relevance to health?

Also called

sensory-somatic

sensory-somatic

nervous system

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Structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems

Check your

knowledge…

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Structures of the nervous system

Remember this!

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Functions of the nervous system Discuss the relevance of the nervous system

to the body’s communication systems.

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Alzheimer’s disease

Who is at the greatest risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?

What are the symptoms?

How is it treated?

How is it prevented?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Cerebral palsyWhat is cerebral palsy?

How is it treated?

Which healthcare team members will take care of the patient with cerebral palsy?

causecause

cause causecause

Multiple Causes

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Epilepsy

What is epilepsy?

What are the symptoms?

How is it treated?

Should a person with

Should a person with

epilepsy be allowed

epilepsy be allowed

to drive?to drive?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Hydrocephalus

Hydro- cephal -us

Define the terms. Do the meanings of the parts represent the whole?

Who is most likely to develop hydrocephalus?

How is it treated?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Meningitis

What causes of meningitis?

What are the symptoms?

How is it treated?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Multiple sclerosis

What are the symptoms?

Who is most likely to develop it?

How is it treated?

What is the prognosis?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Neuritis

neur- -itis neur- -itis

Discuss the terms.Discuss the terms.

Discuss the pattern of symptoms presented Discuss the pattern of symptoms presented and why.and why.

How is neuritis prevented?How is neuritis prevented?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Paralysis

“disabling of a nerve”

How does this quote relate to paralysis?

What are the symptoms?

What is the prognosis?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Parkinson’s disease

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

Who is most likely to have this disorder?

How is it treated?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Poliomyelitis

What is the impact of this disorder?

How can it be prevented?

How is it treated?

What is the prognosis?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments Spinal cord injury

What are the symptoms?

What determines a patient’s symptoms?

How is it treated?

What are the risk factors for teens?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments West Nile Virus

Where is the greatest incidence of West Nile virus?

What are the risk factors?

How is it prevented?

How is it treated?

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Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments

What are some common symptoms of What are some common symptoms of neurological disorders?neurological disorders?

What are some common prognoses?What are some common prognoses?

Why do these commonalities exist?Why do these commonalities exist?

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3.02 Essential Questions What are the structures of the nervous system?What are the structures of the nervous system? What are the functions of the nervous system? What are some disorders of the nervous system? How are nervous system disorders treated? How does the nervous system relate to the body’s

communication systems?