Post on 28-Jul-2018
Workshop: Harmonization of
Biomedical Engineering Education-
Status and Challanges
Ratko Magjarević, Shankhar Krishnan, Herbert Voigt, Martha Zequera, Mario Secca,
Nicolas Pallikarakis, James Goh
International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering
Outline
• Introduction
– Definition of BME
– BME around the World
– Achievements of Biomedical Engineering in 20th
Century
– Challenges of Biomedical Engineering for 21th
Century
– Why to study Biomedical Engineering?
– Announcement of presentations on BMR
Education to follow
– IFMBE and its position
Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical engineering is an engineering discipline that:
• advances knowledge in engineering, biology and medicine, and in basic
sciences,
• improves human health by design and problem solving skills of engineering
science applied to diagnosis, monitoring, therapy and rehabilitation, but also to
prevention and prediction
• integrates engineering sciences with biomedical sciences and clinical practice
http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=106041
+ Peruvian BME society4
Membership• IFMBE is a federation of 52 national and 6 transnational BME societies,
with more than 120.000 members all over the world
d
Argentina Australia Austria Belgium
Brazil Bulgaria Canada China
China Taipei Colombia Croatia Cuba
Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia
Finland France Germany Greece
Hong Kong Hungary Iceland Ireland
Israel Italy Japan Korea
Latvia Lithuania Malaysia Mexico
Mongolia The Netherlands Nigeria Norway
Poland Portugal Romania Serbia
Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa
Spain Sweden Switzerland Thailand
Ukraine United Kingdom United States Venezuela
ACEE CAHTMA EAMBES ESEM
ICMCC IEEE EMBS
6
IFMBE
IUPESM
IOMP
ICSUUN
UNESCO
UNIDOWorld Alliance
for Patient Safety
E-health
Initiative
Standardisation
ISOIEC
CENELEC
CEN
WHO
IFMBE’s Liaisons
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century
1. Electrification
2. Automobile
3. Airplane
4. Water Supply and Distribution
5. Electronics
6. Radio and Television
7. Agricultural Mechanization
8. Computers
9. Telephone
10. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Source: http://www.greatachievements.org/default.aspx
1. Electrification
2. Automobile
3. Airplane
4. Water Supply and Distribution
5. Electronics
6. Radio and Television
7. Agricultural Mechanization
8. Computers
9. Telephone
10. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Source: http://www.greatachievements.org/default.aspx
11. Highways
12. Spacecraft
13. Internet
14. Imaging
15. Household Appliances
16. Health Technologies
17. Petroleum and Petrochemical
18. Laser and Fiber Optics
19. Nuclear Technologies
20. High-performance Materials
11. Highways
12. Spacecraft
13. Internet
14. Imaging
15. Household Appliances
16. Health Technologies
17. Petroleum and Petrochemical
18. Laser and Fiber Optics
19. Nuclear Technologies
20. High-performance Materials
How old is Biomedical Engineering?
• Leonardo da Vinci researched the anatomy and mechanics of human body
• Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta (18th century), dicovered biopotentials and bioelectricity
• The development of biomedical electronics, today called biomedical engineering starts intensivly after the invention of the silicon transistor, 1947
• Institutionally, at international level, in 1959, the Int’l Society for Biomedical Electronics (today IFMBE) was founded in Paris
• Peer reviewed journals – 50th anniversary of Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing cellebrated in May 2012
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century
Electronics
• Silicon transistors enabled miniaturization and reduction of
power consumption
• Medical instrumentation entered clinical settings
• Portable instrumentation – for emergancy, battery powered
• Implantable devices
• Integrated circuits – further stap in miniaturization
• Microcontrollers – automatic actions of instrumentation and
devices
• Computers – autonomous decision making of medical devices
Electronics
• Silicon transistors enabled miniaturization and reduction of
power consumption
• Medical instrumentation entered clinical settings
• Portable instrumentation – for emergancy, battery powered
• Implantable devices
• Integrated circuits – further stap in miniaturization
• Microcontrollers – automatic actions of instrumentation and
devices
• Computers – autonomous decision making of medical devices
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century
Imaging – medical applications
• Detection of X-rays in late 19th century (1895) enabled visualization of hard
(higher density) parts of the human body
• X-ray crystallography enabled visualization of the double helix of the DNA
• Electron microscopy for research of cellular parts
• Imaging of radiation of radioactive nuclides inserted into the body – PET,
SPECT
• Computerized tomography (CT) enabled multiple cross-sectional views and
3D reconstruction of organs and parts of the body
• Ultrasound imaging enabled non-invasive imaging and imaging of body organs
in movement (heart)
• Magnetic resonance imaging supplements CT as a non-invasive method for
obtaining cross-sections and 3D reconstructions
• Many other modalities…
Imaging – medical applications
• Detection of X-rays in late 19th century (1895) enabled visualization of hard
(higher density) parts of the human body
• X-ray crystallography enabled visualization of the double helix of the DNA
• Electron microscopy for research of cellular parts
• Imaging of radiation of radioactive nuclides inserted into the body – PET,
SPECT
• Computerized tomography (CT) enabled multiple cross-sectional views and
3D reconstruction of organs and parts of the body
• Ultrasound imaging enabled non-invasive imaging and imaging of body organs
in movement (heart)
• Magnetic resonance imaging supplements CT as a non-invasive method for
obtaining cross-sections and 3D reconstructions
• Many other modalities…
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century
Health Technologies
• Enabled drastical increase of life expectancy, from 47 to 77 years within 100
years
• Diagnostic devices – e.g. electrocardiograph (ECG)
• Life supporting machines – respirator
• Artificials pacemakers – external, totally implantable….
• Artificial organs – dyalisis, contact lens, hip….
• Laser intervetnions in oculography
• Computerized tomography (CT), MRI, Medical Ultrasound….
• Active implantable devices – cohlear implant, cardioverter defibrillator….
• Human Genome Project
Health Technologies
• Enabled drastical increase of life expectancy, from 47 to 77 years within 100
years
• Diagnostic devices – e.g. electrocardiograph (ECG)
• Life supporting machines – respirator
• Artificials pacemakers – external, totally implantable….
• Artificial organs – dyalisis, contact lens, hip….
• Laser intervetnions in oculography
• Computerized tomography (CT), MRI, Medical Ultrasound….
• Active implantable devices – cohlear implant, cardioverter defibrillator….
• Human Genome Project
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Challanges of Biomedical Engineering
•ICT in medicine and health care•Minimally invazive surgery•Biomedical sensors•Medical imaging and visualisation of the data•Intelligent materials•Cellular and stem cell engineering•Nanotechnology•Modeling and simulition of physiologic systems and human body as a whole• ……
•ICT in medicine and health care•Minimally invazive surgery•Biomedical sensors•Medical imaging and visualisation of the data•Intelligent materials•Cellular and stem cell engineering•Nanotechnology•Modeling and simulition of physiologic systems and human body as a whole• ……
Reverse-engineer the brain
Grand Challanges• The intersection of engineering and neuroscience promises great
advances in health care, manufacturing, and communication.
– Understanding how and why brain works and fails
– Simulations leading to more sophisticated methods for testing new technologies like drugs and neural implants
• Artificial retina
• Cohlear implants
• Movement and prosthesis control
• Fighting dementia, Parkinson disease….
– Building smarter computers
• http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9109.aspx
Blue Brain ProjectIBM & Ecole Polytechnique Federale de
Lausanne
• creating a detailed model of the circuitry in the neocortex - the largest and most complex part of the human brain (center for higher cognitive functions)
Source: http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/project.cfm?id=145
• vast parallel computing network to simulate what is REALLY going on in a brain, neuron by neuron, column by column, up through a “real” human brain
Source: http://arttechlaw.com/if-i-only-had-a-blue-brain
Reverse-engineer the brain
• First information for
the Blue Brain Project
was obtained from
the brain of rats
• Tearing the brains
took two years of
work of the BBP teamSource: http://wikileaksnews.net/build-a-virtual-brain-in-a-
supercomputer-blue-brain-project.html
Reverse-engineer the brain
Advance health informatics
Grand Challenges
• Health and biomedical informatics encompass issues from – personal to global,
– ranging from thorough medical records for individual patients to sharing data about
disease outbreaks among governments and international health organizations.
• Maintaining a healthy population in the 21st century will require systems
engineering approaches to redesign care practices and integrate local,
regional, national, and global health informatics networks.
• Systematic approach to health informatics — the acquisition, management,
and use of information in health — can greatly enhance the quality and
efficiency of medical care
• http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9109.aspx
• Flow of medical
information between:
– clinical institutions
– public health
organizations
– general practitioners
– Patients
• Enpowering patients
– Ownership of personal
medical data
– Decision making
Advance health informatics
Why to study Biomedical Engineering?
• Established field of science and engineering – still a lot of challenges – need for innovation
• Use engineering and science to help living beings
• Apply experience and knowledge of living systems to designing inovative machines
• Rapidly expanding field
• Industrial and research opportunities available, employment also in hospitals and in government regulatory agencies
• BME for improving the effectiveness and delivery of clinical medicine
• Students enthusiastic because BME is directed to improve health and wellbeing of people
“Biomedical
engineers are
projected to be the
fastest growing
occupation in the
economy.”
Source: 2008-2018 prediction by the US
Department of Labor
The Jobs of the Future – extected growth
Biomedical engineers 72%
Network systems analysts 53
Home health aides 50
Personal and home-care aides 46
Financial examiners 41
Medical scientists 40
Physician assistants 39
Skin-care specialists 38
Biochemists and biophysicists 37
Athletic trainers 37Source: Wall Street Journal, 26 May 2010
Job Oportunities - Labor Market
BME innovation in Europe
Number of Patent-Applications to the European Patentoffice 2006Number of Patent-Applications to the European Patentoffice 2006
Investments inR&D formedical devices
Products,
not older
than 3
years
Above 9%
of
turnover
ca 1/3 of allproducts
The Technology Top-ten
Medical Device Technology
Electrical Information Techn.
Information Technology
Electrical compounds
Organic chemistry
Measures / Analyses
Automotive
Biochem. / Genetic Engineer.
Organ.macromol.compounds
Machine compounds
22
Biomedical Engineering Education in Europe
Core topics
• Biomaterials
• Biomechanics
• Biomedical data and signal processing
• Biomedical instrumentation and sensors
• Health technology design, assessment and management
• Information and communication technologies in medicine and
healthcare
• Medical imaging and image processing
Source: Promoting Harmonization of BME Education in Europe:
The CRH-BME Tempus Project, 2009-2012
Core topics
• Biomaterials
• Biomechanics
• Biomedical data and signal processing
• Biomedical instrumentation and sensors
• Health technology design, assessment and management
• Information and communication technologies in medicine and
healthcare
• Medical imaging and image processing
Source: Promoting Harmonization of BME Education in Europe:
The CRH-BME Tempus Project, 2009-2012
Review of the BME programs in Europe
• 46 Countries in Europe investigated
• 40 Countries have BME program
• ~ 150 Universities across Europe
• 309 BME programs
~ 27 % BSc, ~ 53 % MSc, ~ 20% PhD
• 46 Countries in Europe investigated
• 40 Countries have BME program
• ~ 150 Universities across Europe
• 309 BME programs
~ 27 % BSc, ~ 53 % MSc, ~ 20% PhD
Presentations within the Workshop
• Shankar Krishnan: Selection of Internship from Multiple
Opportunities to Enhance Biomedical Engineering Curriculum
Design
• Mario F. Secca: In defense of a 5 year Integrated master
program: The case of Portugal
• Z. Bliznakov, R. Magjarevic, N. Pallikarakis CURRICULA
REFORMATION AND HARMONISATION IN THE FIELD OF
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: THE TEMPUS IV CRH-BME
PROJECT AT A GLANCE
• Martha Zequera: BME Report - Latin America
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Conclusions
• IFMBE
recognised as one of the most important bodies in development of biomedical and clinical engineering
driver of many actions at global level relevant for medicine and health care
all aspects of biomedical and clinical engineering are present in the strategy and in plans of the IFMBE
in order to achieve its goals, the IFMBE is seeking for close collaboration with biomedical engineering comunity worldwide
IFMBE is based on voluntary work – JOIN US!