Post on 04-Jan-2016
25
Class Aves: Feathers
26 27
BIRDS AND DINOSAURS
http://www.csicop.org/uploads/images/si/ph21.gif
ORIGIN OF FEATHERS: BIRDS
Archaeopteryx
Caudipteryx, China, late Jurassic / early Cretaceous
ORIGIN OF FEATHERS: DINOSAURS
2
Feathers
WHY?
52
Why?
Keratin
Beta-Keratin Alpha-Keratin
Beta-Keratin Alpha-Keratin
Keratin
Fig. 3-1 in Podulka et al. 2004
Pterylae
2223
Apteria
24Cassin’s Finch
20
21
Variation in Apteria Occurrence
1
Feather Structure
(Outer Vane, Inner Vane, Shaft)
Fig. 3-3 in Podulka et al. 2004
Feather Vane Symmetry
14
Vane Symmetry
Feather Vane Symmetry
Guam Rail
3Archaeopteryx (Jurassic Period)
Vane Symmetry
1
Shaft
Proctor and Lynch 1993, p. 83
Shaft: Calamus (Quill)
Proctor and Lynch 1993, p. 83
Shaft: Rachis
Vane Structure: Barbs
(Barb = a) Ramus, b) Barbules, c) Barbicels = Hooklet)
Fig. 4-1 in Gill 2007
Velcro
Preening
Feather Maintenance
Feather Types
http://askabiologist.asu.edu/research/bird_feathers/images/feather_types.jpgContour Feathers
Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004
I) Contour Feathers
1
Contour Feather Adaptations
Contour Feathers: Flight
Fig. 3-7 in Podulka et al. 2004
Contour Feathers:Remiges, Rectrices
Regions of Contour Feather Vane
Pennaceous, Plumulaceous
Silent Owl Flight
Fig. 3-12 in Podulka et al. 2004
http://drawingthemotmot.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/img_5589.jpg
Silent Owl Flight
Contour Feathers: Breeding Plumage
9
Contour Feathers: Afterfeather
Contour Feather StructureShaftVaneSymmetric VaneAsymmetric VaneCalamusAftershaft = AfterfeatherRachisPennaceous VanePlumulaceous VaneBarbRamusDistal BarbulesProximal BarbulesBarbicels = Hooklets
1
29
30
II) Down Feathers
31
32
a) Natal Down Feathers
33 34
“Naked as a Jaybird”
38
39
40
b) Body Down Feathers
30
43
Natal Down, Body Down
3536
37
III) Semiplume Feathers
45
III) Semiplume Feathers
46
IV)
1
V) Powder Down Feathers
47
48
49
VI) Bristles50)
51)
Fig. 3-14 in Podulka et al. 2004
Feather Types:
ContourDown a) Natal Down b) Body DownSemiplumeFiloplumePowder DownBristles
Origin of Feathers?
“Evo Devo”: Evolution of Feathers Parallels Stages of Feather Development
Next: Feather Development
Fig. 3-25 in Podulka et al. 2004
1 http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/120142/2/ istockphoto_120142_eagle_s_feather.jpg
2 http://www.coincommunity.info/coin/0250/1912_obverse.gif
3 http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/Archaeopteryx0.jpg
4 http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/Archaeopteryx0.jpg
5 http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/penguin/images/ pic-feathers.jpg
6 http://www.polarcruises.com/Images/art_Penguins_emperor_and_chick.jpg
7 http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/554images/archaeopteryx_5.jpg
8 http://www.flyanglersonline.com/flytying/fotw2/hn4.jpg
9 http://www.interaktv.com/BIRDNET/featherwaftershftBd1898.GIF
10 http://i.pbase.com/u10/norman/upload/902851.eaglefeather.jpg
11 http://www.naturalsciences.org/education/treks/bonanza/images/Owl-feather.jpg
12 http://globalflyfisher.com/staff/luallen/new_anatomy.gif
13 http://www.sialis.org/images/tres_babies_size_difference.jpg
14 http://orn-lab.ekol.lu.se/birdmigration/standalone/flightlab/image/knotwing.jpg
15 http://www.mountvernon.org/images/store/MV_37MED.jpg
16 http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3203778.jpg?v=1&c=ViewImages&k =2&d=C037F202D99E3099AB0670069F64B336A55A1E4F32AD3138
17 http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/pix/sdwap/GoldenEagle.html
18 http://www.bigcountryaudubon.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/ JAE_Painted_Bunting_Closeup.jpg
19 http://www.polarcruises.com/Images/art_Penguins_emperor_and_chick.jpg
21 http://www.tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/ostrich_fam.jpg
20 http://www.polarcruises.com/Images/art_Penguins_emperor_and_chick.jpg
22 http://www.core77.com/reactor/images/04.05_combover.jpg
23 http://www.hik.hu/tankonyvtar/site/books/b10026/images/00034.jpg
24 http://farm1.static.flickr.com/55/166784720_f70028c519.jpg
25 http://www.saveamericasforests.org/Yasuni/Pics/Hoatzin-.jpg
26 http://pix.alaporte.net/pub/d/6720-1/Aqua+32+-+Scaly+Lizard.JPG
27 http://www.birdersworld.com/objects/images/brdpw050711(1).jpg
28 http://www.nikonsmallworld.com/images/gallery2005/fourbythree/ 4831_velcro-entry-1.jpg
29 http://www.bourkes-parakeet.nl/media/f-down
30 http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/images/nature_conservation/wildlife/ caring/birds_image_17.jpg
31 http://www.davidnorman.org.uk/MRG/Barn%20Owls%203%20Jul% 2004/BAROW%20chick%20(down)%20(357%20x%20600).jpg
32 http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/OwlGreatHornedDown01.jpg
33 http://www.tinywingsinneed.us/rescues/wildbirds/bluejays.jpg
34 http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/blue_jay.htm
35 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/888/75001018.JPG
36 http://www.bbc.co.uk/tyne/content/images/2006/10/19/24647_470x314.jpg
37 http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/avian_influenza/species/images/ COEI_JWasley.jpg
38 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~jcondit/images/class_images/feathers/down_feather200.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~jcondit/current/feathers/feathers_main.htm&h=167&w=200&sz=3&hl=en&start=62&um=1&tbnid=-7T9FyzzU2d4NM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddown%2Bfeathers%26start%3D60%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:2006-17,GGLR:en%26sa%3DN
39 http://animal.discovery.com/guides/wild-birds/gallery/mallard_duck.jpg
40 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/animals /images/primary/common-loon.jpg
41 http://www.nunatakusa.com/images/gear%20etc/SleepLight-220.jpg
42 http://img.trade.tootoo.com/photo/products-415758/Waterproof_Down_ Jacket.jpg
43 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Red-tailed _Hawk_Buteo_jamaicensis_Full_Body_1880px.jpg/543px-Red- tailed_Hawk_Buteo_jamaicensis_Full_Body_1880px.jpg
44 http://www.penguins.cl/penguin/gentoo-penguins.jpg
45 http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~jcondit/images/class_images/ feathers/semiplume_feather200.jpg
46 http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Birds/feather-filoplume.jpg
47 http://images.google.com/images?q=powder+down+feather&svnum= 10&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rls=GGLR,GGLR:2006-17,GGLR:en&start =20&sa=N&ndsp=20
48 http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/birds/great_blue_heron_6488c_tfk.jpg
49 http://www.birding.in/images/Birds/rock_pigeon.jpg
50 http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/images/ar9.jpg
51 http://www.carolinanature.com/pix/panama/piedpuffbird8161.jpg
52 http://water.usgs.gov/nwsum/WSP2425/images/fig33.jpeg
53 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/857/45057960.JPG
54 http://www.houstonzoo.org/attachments/wysiwyg/3/rhinohorns.jpg
55 http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/images/nflicker7.jpg
56 http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/images/nflicker6.jpg
57 http://farm1.static.flickr.com/68/173474511_82060b496b.jpg
58 http://abstractsofnature.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/birds/ smew-preening.jpg
59 http://www.geocities.com/lastfarm/actias_luna.jpg