Post on 01-May-2022
DRUG OFFENSES
108 | 2019 Sourcebook
Powder Cocaine 17.9%
Crack Cocaine 7.8%
Heroin 12.6%
Marijuana 8.6%Other
10.9%
Methamphetamine 42.2%
Figure D-1
DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY DRUG TYPEIN FEDERAL DRUG CASES1, 2
Fiscal Year 2019
SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2019 Datafile, USSCFY19.
1 Of the 76,538 cases, in 20,085 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, one was excluded due to missing information on drug type. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.
2 The 'Other' drug category includes the remaining primary drug types of which the following have more than 50 cases: Fentanyl N-Phenyl (900), Oxycodone/Oxycontin (464), Fentanyl Analogue (101), MDMA/Ecstasy/MDA (93), Hydrocodone (90), and Synthetic Cannabinoid (63).
Drug Offenses | 109
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
TOTA
L19
,765
19,4
6398
.528
11.
42
0.0
00.
012
0.1
70.
00
0.0
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,58
13,
430
95.8
149
4.2
10.
00
0.0
10.
00
0.0
00.
0
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
565
1,50
696
.257
3.6
00.
00
0.0
20.
10
0.0
00.
0
Her
oin
2,50
92,
484
99.0
251.
00
0.0
00.
00
0.0
00.
00
0.0
Mar
ijuan
a1,
675
1,66
599
.44
0.2
00.
00
0.0
00.
06
0.4
00.
0
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
435
8,39
499
.532
0.4
10.
00
0.0
80.
10
0.0
00.
0
Oth
er2,
000
1,98
499
.214
0.7
00.
00
0.0
10.
11
0.1
00.
0
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
), 2D
1.2
(Pro
tect
ed L
ocat
ions
),
2D1.
5 (C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14 (N
arco
-Ter
roris
m).
Des
crip
tions
of v
aria
bles
use
d in
this
tabl
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
Con
tinui
ngC
rim
inal
§2D
1.1
Dru
gTr
affic
king
§2D
1.2
Prot
ecte
dLo
catio
nsM
anuf
actu
ring
Ente
rpri
se
§2D
1.5
§2D
1.6
Com
mun
icat
ion
Faci
lity
§2D
1.8
Ren
t/Man
age
Dru
gEs
tabl
ishm
ent
Enda
nger
ing
Hum
an L
ife
Tabl
e D
-1
§2D
1.14
Nar
co-
Terr
orism
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
PRIM
AR
Y D
RU
G T
YPE
OF
DR
UG
TR
AFF
ICK
ING
OFF
END
ERS1
§2D
1.10
Whi
le
110 | 2019 Sourcebook
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,734
4,96
825
.25,
406
27.4
8,73
744
.362
33.
2
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,57
522
96.
496
827
.12,
345
65.6
330.
9
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
560
825.
31,
265
81.1
197
12.6
161.
0
Her
oin
2,50
638
915
.51,
068
42.6
1,02
240
.827
1.1
Mar
ijuan
a1,
672
224
13.4
235
14.1
1,13
067
.683
5.0
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
427
3,34
639
.71,
122
13.3
3,58
042
.537
94.
5
Oth
er1,
994
698
35.0
748
37.5
463
23.2
854.
3
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
), 2D
1.2
(Pro
tect
ed L
ocat
ions
),
2D1.
5 (C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14
(Nar
co-T
erro
rism
). O
f the
se 1
9,76
5 ca
ses,
31 w
ere
excl
uded
due
to m
issin
g in
form
atio
n on
offe
nder
's ra
ce.
Des
crip
tions
of v
aria
bles
use
d in
this
tabl
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
OTH
ER
Tabl
e D
-2
RA
CE
OF
DR
UG
TR
AFF
ICK
ING
OFF
END
ERS1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
WH
ITE
BLA
CK
HIS
PAN
IC
Drug Offenses | 111
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,765
16,4
5083
.23,
315
16.8
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,58
13,
187
89.0
394
11.0
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
565
1,43
891
.912
78.
1
Her
oin
2,50
92,
155
85.9
354
14.1
Mar
ijuan
a1,
675
1,46
087
.221
512
.8
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
435
6,57
577
.91,
860
22.1
Oth
er2,
000
1,63
581
.836
518
.3
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
),
2D1.
2 (P
rote
cted
Loc
atio
ns),
2D1.
5 (C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14 (N
arco
-Ter
roris
m).
Des
crip
tions
of v
aria
bles
use
d in
this
tabl
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
MA
LE
Tabl
e D
-3
GEN
DER
OF
DR
UG
TR
AFF
ICK
ING
OFF
END
ERS1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
FEM
ALE
112 | 2019 Sourcebook
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
N%
N%
N%
N%
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,765
517
2.6
2,39
212
.13,
523
17.8
3,73
418
.93,
477
17.6
4,01
220
.31,
628
8.2
482
2.4
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,58
152
1.5
337
9.4
610
17.0
653
18.2
654
18.3
871
24.3
315
8.8
892.
5
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
565
201.
316
210
.431
019
.832
821
.030
619
.629
218
.711
67.
431
2.0
Her
oin
2,50
943
1.7
317
12.6
515
20.5
460
18.3
402
16.0
494
19.7
196
7.8
823.
3
Mar
ijuan
a1,
675
138
8.2
359
21.4
319
19.0
283
16.9
193
11.5
237
14.1
113
6.7
332.
0
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
435
218
2.6
959
11.4
1,40
316
.61,
640
19.4
1,60
819
.11,
732
20.5
721
8.5
154
1.8
Oth
er2,
000
462.
325
812
.936
618
.337
018
.531
415
.738
619
.316
78.
493
4.7
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
), 2D
1.2
(Pro
tect
ed L
ocat
ions
),
2D1.
5 (C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14 (N
arco
-Ter
roris
m).
D
escr
iptio
ns o
f var
iabl
es u
sed
in th
is ta
ble
are
prov
ided
in A
ppen
dix
A.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
AG
E O
F D
RU
G T
RA
FFIC
KIN
G O
FFEN
DER
S1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
31 to
35
41 to
50
Und
er 2
121
to 2
526
to 3
0Tabl
e D
-4
51 to
60
Ove
r 60
36 to
40
Drug Offenses | 113
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,743
15,5
5678
.84,
187
21.2
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,56
72,
302
64.5
1,26
535
.5
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
565
1,53
798
.228
1.8
Her
oin
2,50
92,
055
81.9
454
18.1
Mar
ijuan
a1,
674
949
56.7
725
43.3
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
428
6,91
682
.11,
512
17.9
Oth
er2,
000
1,79
789
.920
310
.2
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
),
2D1.
2 (P
rote
cted
Loc
atio
ns),
2D1.
5 (C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14 (N
arco
-Ter
roris
m).
Of t
hese
19,
765
case
s, 22
wer
e ex
clud
ed d
ue to
miss
ing
info
rmat
ion
on o
ffend
er's
citiz
ensh
ip st
atus
. D
escr
iptio
ns o
f var
iabl
es
us
ed in
this
tabl
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
U.S
. CIT
IZEN
Tabl
e D
-5
CIT
IZEN
SHIP
OF
DR
UG
TR
AFF
ICK
ING
OFF
END
ERS1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
NO
N-U
.S. C
ITIZ
EN
114 | 2019 Sourcebook
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,715
7,53
038
.27,
641
38.8
3,82
619
.471
83.
6
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,56
81,
474
41.3
1,26
735
.567
919
.014
84.
1
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
563
631
40.4
692
44.3
220
14.1
201.
3
Her
oin
2,50
296
738
.61,
016
40.6
450
18.0
692.
8
Mar
ijuan
a1,
672
836
50.0
462
27.6
302
18.1
724.
3
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
415
3,05
236
.33,
467
41.2
1,67
920
.021
72.
6
Oth
er1,
995
570
28.6
737
36.9
496
24.9
192
9.6
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
), 2D
1.2
(Pro
tect
ed L
ocat
ions
),
2D1.
5 (C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14
(Nar
co-T
erro
rism
). O
f the
se 1
9,76
5 ca
ses,
50 w
ere
excl
uded
due
to m
issin
g in
form
atio
n on
offe
nder
's ed
ucat
ion.
Des
crip
tions
of v
aria
bles
use
d in
this
tabl
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
Tabl
e D
-6
EDU
CA
TIO
N O
F D
RU
G T
RA
FFIC
KIN
G O
FFEN
DER
S1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
LESS
TH
AN
HIG
HH
IGH
SC
HO
OL
SCH
OO
LSO
ME
CO
LLEG
EG
RA
DU
ATE
GR
AD
UA
TEC
OLL
EGE
GR
AD
UA
TE
Drug Offenses | 115
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
TOTA
L19
,765
8,89
845
.02,
416
12.2
2,88
514
.61,
764
8.9
1,11
75.
72,
685
13.6
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,58
12,
231
62.3
394
11.0
434
12.1
197
5.5
892.
523
66.
6
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
565
294
18.8
212
13.5
315
20.1
206
13.2
135
8.6
403
25.8
Her
oin
2,50
994
237
.534
313
.741
916
.724
79.
815
66.
240
216
.0
Mar
ijuan
a1,
675
1,09
265
.220
512
.218
110
.888
5.3
342.
075
4.5
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
435
3,37
940
.197
211
.51,
245
14.8
870
10.3
614
7.3
1,35
516
.1
Oth
er2,
000
960
48.0
290
14.5
291
14.6
156
7.8
894.
521
410
.7
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
), 2D
1.2
(Pro
tect
ed L
ocat
ions
),
2D1.
5 (C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14 (N
arco
-Ter
roris
m).
D
escr
iptio
ns o
f var
iabl
es u
sed
in th
is ta
ble
are
prov
ided
in A
ppen
dix
A.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
III
III
VI
Tabl
e D
-7
CR
IMIN
AL
HIS
TOR
Y C
ATE
GO
RY
OF
DR
UG
TR
AFF
ICK
ING
OFF
END
ERS1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
CR
IMIN
AL
HIS
TOR
Y C
ATE
GO
RY
IVV
116 | 2019 Sourcebook
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,434
14,8
5376
.44,
581
23.6
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,51
22,
867
81.6
645
18.4
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
551
959
61.8
592
38.2
Her
oin
2,46
81,
948
78.9
520
21.1
Mar
ijuan
a1,
651
1,38
583
.926
616
.1
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
281
6,12
273
.92,
159
26.1
Oth
er1,
971
1,57
279
.839
920
.2
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
),
2D1.
2 (P
rote
cted
Loc
atio
ns),
2D1.
5 (C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14 (N
arco
-Ter
roris
m).
Of t
hese
, 19,
434
case
s con
tain
ed c
ompl
ete
guid
elin
e ap
plic
atio
n in
form
atio
n. D
escr
iptio
ns o
f var
iabl
es u
sed
in th
is ta
ble
are
pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
NO
WEA
PON
INV
OLV
ED
Tabl
e D
-8
WEA
PON
INV
OLV
EMEN
T O
F D
RU
G T
RA
FFIC
KIN
G O
FFEN
DER
S1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
WEA
PON
INV
OLV
ED
Drug Offenses | 117
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,434
14,2
5273
.33,
756
19.3
1,42
67.
3
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,51
22,
539
72.3
638
18.2
335
9.5
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
551
1,39
289
.759
3.8
100
6.4
Her
oin
2,46
81,
856
75.2
378
15.3
234
9.5
Mar
ijuan
a1,
651
919
55.7
633
38.3
996.
0
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
281
5,96
172
.01,
845
22.3
475
5.7
Oth
er1,
971
1,58
580
.420
310
.318
39.
3
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
), 2D
1.2
(Pro
tect
ed
Loca
tions
), 2D
1.5
(Con
tinui
ng C
rimin
al E
nter
prise
), 2D
1.6
(Use
of a
Com
mun
icat
ion
Faci
lity)
, 2D
1.8
(Ren
t/Man
age
Dru
g Es
tabl
ishm
ent),
2D
1.10
(End
ange
ring
Hum
an L
ife W
hile
Man
ufac
turin
g), o
r 2D
1.14
(Nar
co-T
erro
rism
). O
f the
se, 1
9,43
4 co
ntai
ned
com
plet
e gu
idel
ine
appl
icat
ion
info
rmat
ion.
Des
crip
tions
of v
aria
bles
use
d in
this
tabl
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
Adj
ustm
ent
No
Rol
eA
djus
tmen
tM
itiga
ting
Rol
eA
djus
tmen
t
Tabl
e D
-9
RO
LE A
DJU
STM
ENT
OF
DR
UG
TR
AFF
ICK
ING
OFF
END
ERS1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
Agg
rava
ting
Rol
e
118 | 2019 Sourcebook
DRUG TYPE 12 24 30 38
Powder Cocaine Less than 50G 500G - 1,999G 5,000G - 14,999G At least 450,000G
N 100 317 381 300
Mean 18.7 1,095.8 8,982.5 1,348,435.3
Median 18.2 1,000.0 9,040.0 1,004,700.0
Crack Cocaine Less than 2.8G 28G - 111G 280G - 839G At least 25,200G
N 48 156 32 3
Mean 1.4 61.9 465.0 51,723.3
Median 1.4 60.3 436.0 29,540.0
Heroin Less than 10G 100G - 399G 1,000G - 2,999G At least 90,000G
N 101 205 191 9
Mean 2.9 216.9 1,719.4 130,787.8
Median 2.0 203.1 1,800.0 116,000.0
Marijuana 5,000G - 9,999G 100,000G - 399,999G 1,000,000G - 2,999,999G At least 90,000,000G
N 29 423 50 0
Mean 7,261.6 172,785.2 1,825,496.4 --
Median 6,900.0 145,000.0 1,945,000.0 --
Less than 5G 50G - 199G 500G - 1,499G At least 45,000G
N 33 198 218 56
Mean 2.9 107.5 939.0 108,233.3
Median 3.4 106.8 907.2 65,330.0
Less than 0.5G 5G - 19G 50G - 149G At least 4,500G
N 2 160 507 387
Mean -- 11.6 87.4 18,217.8
Median -- 11.9 82.4 10,000.0
1 Of the 76,538 cases, 19,463 were sentenced under §2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking). Of these, 19,142 cases had complete guideline application information. Of these 19,142 cases, 17,095 involved powder cocaine, crack cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine actual or mix. Of these 17,095 cases, 7,086 had a base offense level of 12, 24, 30, or 38. Of these 7,086 cases, 3,180 were excluded due to one or more of the following reasons: involvement of more than one drug type (1,694), missing drug amount or range (1,577), amendment year earlier than 2014 (6), or logical criteria (10). The methamphetamine actual category also includes ICE. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.
SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2019 Datafile, USSCFY19.
Methamphetamine Actual
Table D-10
DRUG AMOUNTS (IN GRAMS) FOR SELECTEDBASE OFFENSE LEVELS AND DRUG TYPES1
Fiscal Year 2019
Base Offense Level and Quantity Range
Methamphetamine Mix
Drug Offenses | 119
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,757
6,90
635
.04,
867
24.6
7,98
440
.4
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,58
193
226
.01,
037
29.0
1,61
245
.0
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
565
838
53.5
478
30.5
249
15.9
Her
oin
2,50
91,
056
42.1
653
26.0
800
31.9
Mar
ijuan
a1,
675
1,05
963
.251
630
.810
06.
0
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
427
1,62
619
.31,
898
22.5
4,90
358
.2
Oth
er2,
000
1,39
569
.828
514
.332
016
.0
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
), 2D
1.2
(Pro
tect
ed
Loca
tions
), 2D
1.5
(Con
tinui
ng C
rimin
al E
nter
prise
), 2D
1.6
(Use
of a
Com
mun
icat
ion
Faci
lity)
, 2D
1.8
(Ren
t/Man
age
Dru
g Es
tabl
ishm
ent),
2D
1.10
(End
ange
ring
Hum
an L
ife W
hile
Man
ufac
turin
g), o
r 2D
1.14
(Nar
co-T
erro
rism
). O
f the
rem
aini
ng c
ases
, eig
ht w
ere
excl
uded
bec
ause
the
offe
nder
was
con
vict
ed o
f a m
anda
tory
min
imum
pen
alty
from
one
of t
he fo
llow
ing
statu
tes:
21
U.S
.C. §
860
a or
21
U.S
.C. §
865
. D
escr
iptio
ns o
f var
iabl
es u
sed
in th
is ta
ble
are
prov
ided
in A
ppen
dix
A.
2 Inc
lude
s 121
offe
nder
s who
se d
rug
man
dato
ry m
inim
um p
enal
ty w
as 1
2 m
onth
s or l
ess.
3 Inc
lude
s 402
offe
nder
s who
se d
rug
man
dato
ry m
inim
um p
enal
ty w
as g
reat
er th
an te
n ye
ars.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
Man
dato
ry M
inim
um3
No
Dru
gM
anda
tory
Min
imum
2Fi
ve-Y
ear
Dru
gM
anda
tory
Min
imum
Tabl
e D
-11
LEN
GTH
OF
MA
ND
ATO
RY
MIN
IMU
M P
ENA
LTIE
S IN
DR
UG
TR
AFF
ICK
ING
CA
SES1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
Ten-
Yea
r or
Mor
e D
rug
120 | 2019 Sourcebook
ENH
AN
CEM
ENT
FILE
DD
RU
G T
YPE
NN
%N
%
TOTA
L1,
705
702
41.2
1,00
358
.8
Pow
der
Coc
aine
267
9535
.617
264
.4
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne26
510
439
.216
160
.8
Her
oin
298
102
34.2
196
65.8
Mar
ijuan
a85
2023
.565
76.5
Met
ham
phet
amin
e64
834
152
.630
747
.4
Oth
er14
240
28.2
102
71.8
1 Of t
he 1
,714
cas
es in
whi
ch n
otic
e of
an
enha
nced
pen
alty
was
giv
en u
nder
21
U.S
.C. §
851
, nin
e w
ere
excl
uded
due
to m
issin
g or
und
eter
min
ed w
ithdr
awal
info
rmat
ion.
Des
crip
tions
of v
aria
bles
use
d in
this
tabl
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
2 Inc
lude
s 120
cas
es in
whi
ch th
e en
hanc
emen
t was
not
form
ally
with
draw
n bu
t whe
re th
e co
urt d
eter
min
ed th
at th
e en
hanc
emen
t did
not
app
ly a
t the
tim
e of
sent
enci
ng.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 85
1 D
ataf
ile, D
RUG
851F
Y19
.
WIT
HD
RA
WN
2N
OT
WIT
HD
RA
WN
Tabl
e D-1
2
APP
LIC
ATI
ON
OF
REC
IDIV
IST
PEN
ALT
IES
IN D
RU
G T
RA
FFIC
KIN
G C
ASE
S1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019 EN
HA
NC
EMEN
TEN
HA
NC
EMEN
T
Drug Offenses | 121
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,428
5,30
627
.37,
472
38.5
1,48
77.
75,
163
26.6
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,51
274
621
.21,
178
33.5
173
4.9
1,41
540
.3
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
551
792
51.1
646
41.7
342.
279
5.1
Her
oin
2,46
888
635
.989
036
.115
56.
353
721
.8
Mar
ijuan
a1,
646
580
35.2
219
13.3
459
27.9
388
23.6
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
280
1,28
615
.54,
160
50.2
305
3.7
2,52
930
.5
Oth
er1,
971
1,01
651
.537
919
.236
118
.321
510
.9
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
), 2D
1.2
(Pro
tect
ed
Lo
catio
ns),
2D1.
5 (C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or
2D1.
14 (N
arco
-Ter
roris
m).
Of t
hese
, 19,
434
case
s con
tain
ed c
ompl
ete
guid
elin
e ap
plic
atio
n in
form
atio
n. O
f the
se 1
9,43
4 ca
ses,
six w
ere
excl
uded
due
to m
issin
g sa
fety
val
ve o
r man
dato
ry m
inim
um
in
form
atio
n. D
escr
iptio
ns o
f var
iabl
es u
sed
in th
is ta
ble
are
prov
ided
in A
ppen
dix
A.
2 Thi
s col
umn
incl
udes
197
cas
es w
here
the
cour
t ind
icat
ed a
var
ianc
e ba
sed
on th
e ex
pand
ed sa
fety
val
ve e
ligib
ility
und
er th
e Fi
rst S
tep
Act
, but
the
offe
nder
was
not
elig
ible
to re
ceiv
e th
e gu
idel
ine
safe
ty v
alve
redu
ctio
n.
3 For
offe
nder
s with
no
drug
man
dato
ry m
inim
um p
enal
ty, u
se o
f the
term
'saf
ety
valv
e' on
this
tabl
e m
eans
that
the
cour
t ind
icat
ed th
at th
e tw
o-le
vel r
educ
tion
at §
2D1.
1 ap
plie
d be
caus
e th
e of
fend
er m
et th
e
crite
ria se
t for
th a
t §5C
1.2.
4 For
offe
nder
s with
a d
rug
man
dato
ry m
inim
um p
enal
ty, u
se o
f the
term
'saf
ety
valv
e' on
this
tabl
e m
eans
that
the
cour
t sen
tenc
ed th
e of
fend
er w
ithou
t reg
ard
to a
ny a
pplic
able
man
dato
ry m
inim
um
pe
nalty
(in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith th
e 'sa
fety
val
ve' p
rovi
sion
of 1
8 U
.S.C
. § 3
553(
f), in
corp
orat
ed in
to th
e gu
idel
ines
at §
5C1.
2).
5 Effe
ctiv
e N
ovem
ber 1
, 201
2, th
e sa
fety
val
ve re
duct
ion
was
add
ed to
§2D
1.11
(Unl
awfu
lly D
istrib
utin
g a
Liste
d Ch
emic
al).
The
re w
ere
27 o
ffend
ers s
ente
nced
und
er §
2D1.
11 a
s the
prim
ary
sent
enci
ng
gu
idel
ine
in w
hich
the
2012
or l
ater
Gui
delin
es M
anua
l w
as a
pplie
d w
ith c
ompl
ete
guid
elin
e ap
plic
atio
n in
form
atio
n. O
f the
se c
ases
, the
safe
ty v
alve
redu
ctio
n w
as a
pplie
d fo
r eig
ht o
ffend
ers.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
No
Dru
gN
O S
AFE
TY V
ALV
ESA
FETY
VA
LVE
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
Tabl
e D
-13
DR
UG
TR
AFF
ICK
ING
OFF
END
ERS
REC
EIV
ING
SA
FETY
VA
LVE
AN
D
MA
ND
ATO
RY
MIN
IMU
M P
ENA
LTIE
S1, 5
Man
dato
ry M
inim
um2
Man
dato
ry M
inim
um3
Man
dato
ry M
inim
umM
anda
tory
Min
imum
4N
o D
rug
Dru
gD
rug
122 | 2019 Sourcebook
¹ Of the 76,538 cases, in 20,085 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,765 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Of these 19,765 cases, eight were excluded because the offender was convicted of a mandatory minimum penalty from one of the following statutes: 21 U.S.C. § 860a or 21 U.S.C. § 865. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.
SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2019 Datafile, USSCFY19.
Figure D-2
MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES IN DRUG TRAFFICKING CASES1
Fiscal Year 2019
No Drug Mandatory Minimum
Penalty34.3%
Less than 60 Months
0.6%
60 Months24.6%
120 Months38.4%
180 Months0.7%
240 Monthsor More
1.2% Life0.1%
LENGTH OF MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES
Both §5K1.1 and Safety Valve
9.2%
Safety Valve31.6%
§5K1.1 Substantial Assistance
17.1%
No Relief42.2%
RELIEF FROM MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES
Drug Offenses | 123
DR
UG
TY
PETO
TAL
N%
N%
N%
N%
N%
N%
TOTA
L19
,762
6,72
334
.064
0.3
4,45
722
.61,
220
6.2
837
4.2
6,46
132
.7
Pow
der
Coc
aine
3,58
01,
405
39.2
60.
278
722
.014
03.
913
43.
71,
108
30.9
Cra
ck C
ocai
ne1,
564
628
40.2
100.
624
715
.80
0.0
744.
760
538
.7
Her
oin
2,50
891
536
.520
0.8
539
21.5
913.
610
44.
183
933
.5
Mar
ijuan
a1,
675
804
48.0
90.
520
912
.512
27.
394
5.6
437
26.1
Met
ham
phet
amin
e8,
435
2,33
527
.78
0.1
2,18
625
.983
29.
935
84.
22,
716
32.2
Oth
er2,
000
636
31.8
110.
648
924
.535
1.8
733.
775
637
.8
1 Of t
he 7
6,53
8 ca
ses,
in 2
0,08
5 th
e of
fend
er w
as se
nten
ced
unde
r USS
G C
hapt
er T
wo,
Par
t D (D
rugs
). O
f the
se, 1
9,76
5 of
fend
ers w
ere
sent
ence
d un
der §
§2D
1.1
(Dru
g Tr
affic
king
), 2D
1.2
(Pro
tect
ed L
ocat
ions
), 2D
1.5
(C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14 (N
arco
-Ter
roris
m).
O
f the
se 1
9,76
5 ca
ses,
thre
e w
ere
excl
uded
bec
ause
info
rmat
ion
was
miss
ing
from
the
subm
itted
doc
umen
ts th
at p
reve
nted
the
com
paris
on o
f the
sent
ence
and
the
guid
elin
e ra
nge.
D
escr
iptio
ns o
f var
iabl
es u
sed
in th
is
tabl
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
2 Of t
he 6
,461
var
ianc
e ca
ses,
in 4
70 c
ases
the
cour
t cite
d Fi
rst S
tep
Act
safe
ty v
alve
exp
ansio
n as
a re
ason
for t
he se
nten
ce.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
9 D
ataf
ile, U
SSCF
Y19
.
§5K
1.1
Fisc
al Y
ear
2019
GU
IDEL
INE
WIT
HIN
Tabl
e D
-14
SEN
TEN
CE
IMPO
SED
REL
ATI
VE
TO T
HE
GU
IDEL
INE
RA
NG
E FO
R D
RU
G T
RA
FFIC
KIN
G O
FFEN
DER
S1
RA
NG
E§5
K3.
1V
AR
IAN
CE2
UPW
AR
DD
EPA
RTU
RE
DO
WN
WA
RD
124 | 2019 Sourcebook
70
78
70
31
95
60
60
57
20
78
0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120Average and Median Sentence Length (Months)
Figure D-3
SENTENCE LENGTH OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERSBY MAJOR DRUG TYPE1
Fiscal Year 2019
Powder Cocaine (N=3,581)
Crack Cocaine (N=1,565)
Heroin (N=2,509)
Marijuana (N=1,675)
Methamphetamine (N=8,435)
1 Of the 76,538 cases, in 20,085 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,765 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) and probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this figure includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Italicized numbers depict median values and the bolded numbers at the end of the bar indicate average values. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.
SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2019 Datafile, USSCFY19.
Average sentence in bold at end of bar
Median sentence in italics.
Drug Offenses | 125
0
1,00
0
2,00
0
3,00
0
4,00
0
5,00
0
6,00
0
7,00
0
8,00
0
9,00
0 2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Num
ber o
fO
ffend
ers
Figu
re D
-4
NU
MBE
R O
F D
RU
G T
RA
FFIC
KIN
G O
FFEN
DER
SBY
MA
JOR
DR
UG
TY
PE O
VER
TIM
E1
Fisc
al Y
ears
201
0 -2
019
Pow
der C
ocai
neCr
ack
Coca
ine
Her
oin
Mar
ijuan
aM
etha
mph
etam
ine
1O
nly
offe
nder
s sen
tenc
ed u
nder
§§2
D1.
1 (D
rug
Traf
ficki
ng),
2D1.
2 (P
rote
cted
Loc
atio
ns),
2D1.
5(C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e Dru
g Es
tabl
ishm
ent),
2D
1.10
(End
ange
ring
Hum
an L
ife W
hile
Man
ufac
turin
g), o
r 2D
1.14
(Nar
co-T
erro
rism
) are
dep
icte
d in
this
figur
e. A
dditi
onal
cas
es w
ere
excl
uded
due
to
miss
ing
info
rmat
ion
on d
rug
type
. D
escr
iptio
ns o
f var
iabl
es u
sed
in th
is fig
ure
are
prov
ided
in A
ppen
dix
A.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
0 -2
019
Dat
afile
s, U
SSCF
Y10
-U
SSCF
Y19
.
126 | 2019 Sourcebook
024487296120 20
1020
1120
1220
1320
1420
1520
1620
1720
1820
19
Mon
ths
Figu
re D
-5
SEN
TEN
CE
LEN
GTH
OF
DR
UG
TR
AFF
ICK
ING
OFF
END
ERS
BY M
AJO
R D
RU
G T
YPE
OV
ER T
IME1
Fisc
al Y
ears
201
0 -2
019
Pow
der C
ocai
neCr
ack
Coca
ine
Her
oin
Mar
ijuan
aM
etha
mph
etam
ine
1O
nly
offe
nder
s sen
tenc
ed u
nder
§§2
D1.
1 (D
rug
Traf
ficki
ng),
2D1.
2 (P
rote
cted
Loc
atio
ns),
2D1.
5(C
ontin
uing
Crim
inal
Ent
erpr
ise),
2D1.
6 (U
se o
f a C
omm
unic
atio
n Fa
cilit
y), 2
D1.
8 (R
ent/M
anag
e D
rug
Esta
blish
men
t), 2
D1.
10 (E
ndan
gerin
g H
uman
Life
Whi
le M
anuf
actu
ring)
, or 2
D1.
14 (N
arco
-Ter
roris
m) a
re d
epic
ted
in th
is fig
ure.
Sen
tenc
es o
f 470
mon
ths o
r gre
ater
(inc
ludi
ng li
fe) a
nd
prob
atio
n w
ere
incl
uded
in th
e sen
tenc
e ave
rage
com
puta
tions
as 4
70 m
onth
s and
zero
mon
ths,
resp
ectiv
ely.
The
info
rmat
ion
inth
is fig
ure
incl
udes
cond
ition
s of c
onfin
emen
t as d
escr
ibed
in U
SSG
§5
C1.1
. Ca
ses m
issin
g dr
ug ty
pe o
r sen
tenc
ing
info
rmat
ion
wer
e al
so e
xclu
ded.
Des
crip
tions
of v
aria
bles
use
d in
this
figur
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed in
App
endi
x A
.
SOU
RCE:
U.S
. Sen
tenc
ing
Com
miss
ion,
201
0 -2
019
Dat
afile
s, U
SSCF
Y10
-U
SSCF
Y19
.