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A STUDY OF IMPACT OF VEER CHANDRA
GARHWALI TOURISM SCHEME IN
UTTARAKHAND Mrs. Sunita Sanguri, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand
Abstract
The Central Government and the State Government have initiated a number of welfare schemes for
economically empowering the weaker and marginalised sections of the society. Poverty eradication schemes
were started with the aim of bridging the rural-urban divide, guaranteeing wage employment and ensuring
food security. With the further objective of providing for economic upliftment of the poor by generating
self-employment, creating rural infrastructure, and providing means for dignified living, etc.
The Uttarakhand Government had also launched one such scheme with similar objectives, in June 2002,
known as “Veer Chandra Garhwali Paryatan Yojana”. This was the first self-employment scheme launched
by the Government of Uttarakhand to make tourism a major source of employment and revenue generation
and to simultaneously develop the transportation facilities in the state. This scheme has been significantly
successful in reducing the poverty of the beneficiaries by generating employment and hence has gained
popularity. This paper’s main focus is on the assessment of the impact of Veer Chandra Garhwali Tourism
scheme on its beneficiaries.
Keywords: Veer Chandra Garhwali Scheme, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Paryatan Yojana, Uttarakhand
Tourism, Self-employment generation.
Introduction
India is an agrarian economy. With its 135 crore population, India is the second most populated country on
Earth, after China. Around 65 % of India’s population resides in rural areas and more than 40 % of its
workforce is engaged in agriculture based activities. As per the planning Commission of India report for the
year 2015-16, poverty ratio of India is 21.9 %. According to a study conducted by the World Bank's
Brookings Institute, India’s poverty is steadily reducing and India is moving down in the global poverty
ratings. As per the World Poverty Clock, 2018, India moved down to the second position with around 5 %
of its people living in extreme poverty. These statistics show that India has been successful in shedding its
tag of ‘underdeveloped nation’ and now has joined the club of the developing nations. It would not have
been possible without the various poverty alleviation programmes initiated and implemented by the
Government of India.
In the direction of eradication of poverty, employment generation is the first and most important step.
Government of India understood this and launched many self-employment generation and wage-generation
programmes such as Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), Jawahar Rojgar Yojana (JRY),
National Rural Employment Programme, Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY), etc to name a
few. The State Government also launched many schemes as per the need and requirement of its populace.
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One such scheme launched by the Uttarakhand State Government is Veer Chandra Garhwali Paryatan
Yojana which has been studied here in this paper to assess its role in employment generation in
Uttarakhand.
Review of Literature
A number of self-employment and wage-employment programmes have been launched by the Government
to alleviate poverty and unemployment in rural and urban areas. These are aimed at providing employment
to the poor people and improving the income levels of the poor households by providing them with
productive assets. These employment generation and poverty alleviation programmes are in operation in the
State of Uttarakhand also. A study by Mamgain et al. (2005) has assessed the impact of these programmes
in all the hilly districts of Uttarakhand in terms of employment and income generation. The authors have
observed that there exists a large gap between the demand for self-employment programmes and the
availability of funds. The study has observed that the growth in employment generation has not been very
satisfactory and it is mainly distress-driven in the hilly regions of Uttarakhand.
Majority of the rural population in Uttarakhand is dependent on the agricultural sector for employment,
however agriculture still remains the last resort to absorb the additions in the workforce. The male
workforce is opting for employment in non-agricultural sector and is migrating to the urban regions in
search for work. For the female workers , there is hardly any change in their situation. They are still looking
after the farming and animal husbandry activities in the state forming the backbone of agriculture.
Rajendra Mamgain (2007) in his study titled : ‘Growth, Poverty and Employment in Uttarakhand’, observed
that though the growth of the state shows in double digit, the pace of employment generation has been very
slow. The benefits of this double digit growth have not reached equally to the hill areas of the state and the
population of these area still suffer with poor quality of employment. Majority of the workforce in
Uttarakhand is engaged in agriculture and their real earnings have declined resulting in rise in poverty. His
study has revealed that the policy measures have been successful in accelerating the growth, but, miserably
failed to generate gainful employment for the large section of the workforce in the hilly regions of the state.
Vishwambhar Prasad Sati studied the patterns and implications of rural-urban migration in the Uttarakhand
Himalaya. He observed that the Uttarakhand Himalaya comprises of primitive economy and around 70 % of
the population is engaged in agriculture for their livelihood. But limited cultivable land (13%), high
population growth (18.8% decadal; 2011), low output from agriculture, poverty and malnutrition (40%
people live below poverty line; 2011) forced people to out-migrate from the region. The other factors
responsible for the migration of people from the hilly regions are geographical constraints, inadequate
infrastructural facilities, industrial backwardness, high educational level and unemployment. He has also
observed that in the hilly districts where the main occupation is agriculture and due to low output from it,
outmigration is very high. He has listed the major causes of youth migrating out from Uttarakhand as –
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Socio-Economic condition, lack of access to rural credit, unemployment, basic infrastructure facilities and
poverty. He has stated tourism as the major economic activity, but, its share in the local economy is not
substantial yet.
Dr. Preeti Rani and Dr M. K. Agarwal conducted a case study of New Tehri District in 2009 to study the
unemployment problem among Youths of Uttarakhand State. They stated that many problems such as
poverty, social disorder, insecurity, maintenance of law and order, etc are as a result of unemployment in the
state. They emphasised on the policies which were announced and launched by the Government to tackle
the problem of unemployment, but, failed to achieve the target of full employment. The authors found
various factors responsible for the failure of these schemes and they being, large number of old age people,
lack of employment among women, lack in mobility, extreme and difficult climatic conditions, natural
problems, geographical conditions such as rugged and difficult hilly terrain, etc. they suggested that the
Government planning and policies should be employment-oriented which will be beneficial to the people of
the state.
Geographic and Demographic Profile of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand, the 27th state, was formed on 9th September, 2000. Earlier it was the part of northern UP. It is
located on the foothills of the Himalayan mountain ranges. The total area of Uttarakhand is 53483 Sq. Km
out of which the hilly area is 46035 Km i.e. 86 % and the plains area is just 14 %. Out of the total 13
districts of the state, only three are plains districts and rest all ten are hilly districts. This largely hilly state
has scenic beauty with snow-clad mountain peaks, glaciers, many sacred and revered Hindu temples, the
sacred rivers Ganga and Yamuna flowing through it, etc. Two hill stations, Nainital and Mussoorie are the
most preferred tourist destinations in India. The Char-dhams, the four most sacred and revered Hindu
temples of Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri are nestled in the mighty mountains. For the
adventure sports such as skiing, river rafting, trekking and mountaineering, Uttarakhand offers ideal
atmosphere and locale. Therefore, it has a vast potential in adventure tourism, leisure, and eco-tourism.
According to the 2011 Census, the total population of Uttarakhand was 1,00,86,292 out of which, the male
population was 51,37,773 i.e. 51 % and the female population was 49,48,519 i.e. 49 %. 70 % of the
population of Uttarakhand lives in rural area and agriculture is the main occupation of these people. Out of
the total area of Uttarakhand, the agriculture or cultivable land is only 13 %. As per the 2012 World bank
data, the labour force participation ratio of the Uttarakhand State is 54 %. As per 2002 BPL Census revised
in 2011-12, about 6,19,718 families are below the Poverty Line in Uttarakhand.
Though the large number of workforce is engaged in agriculture, factors such as low output from the land,
unemployment, poverty, etc are forcing the people mainly youth to migrate from the state in search of better
living conditions.
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Veer Chandra Garhwali Paryatan Yojana(VCGPY)
To promote tourism in the state and to generate employment through it, the Uttarakhand Government
launched the scheme ‘Veer Chandra Garhwali Paryatan Yojana’ in June 2002.
The main objective of this scheme is to generate employment for the original residents of Uttarakhand. The
Uttarakhand Tourism Department implements this scheme through its regional and district offices. The main
focus of this scheme is on strengthening the transportation facilities within the state.
The salient features of this scheme are:
Assistance in the form of Bank Loan and subsidy to the unemployed youth for setting up enterprises
in activities related to the promotion of tourism such as vehicles, hotel, fast food centres, tourist
information centres, etc.
A loan amount up to a maximum of Rs. 20 lakhs is offered to the beneficiary for setting up tourism
related enterprises.
The beneficiary’s compulsory contribution is 12.5 % of the total project cost.
In addition, a subsidy of 25%, up to a maximum of Rs. 5.00 lakhs is given to the beneficiaries under
the scheme.
Objectives of the Study
This study was undertaken with following objectives:
To assess the employment generation due to the scheme.
To assess the economic impact of the scheme on its beneficiaries.
To assess the social impact of the scheme on its beneficiaries.
Methodology
1. Primary Data: A structured questionnaire and Schedule was used to collect the primary data.
Personal interviews helped in getting insights from the beneficiaries of this scheme.
2. Secondary Data: The secondary data was collected from various Government organisations such as
Uttarakhand State Tourism Department, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Labour and
Employment, etc. More secondary data was further taken from related web sites, newspapers and
magazines.
The area of the study was Nainital, Almora and Udham Singh Nagar districts of Uttarakhand. Random
sampling technique was used to select the respondents from the beneficiaries of the scheme.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
The collected data was tabulated and analysed using various statistical tools such as Mean, Mode, Median,
Standard Deviation, etc. SPSS V20 software was used for the analysis. To check the normality of the data
distribution, the data was tested using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests.
From the test results it was found that data was not normally distributed. Therefore, non-parametric tests
were used to assess the economic and social impact of the scheme on the respondents. The Kendal-Tau
correlation was used to study the relation between the various factors/variables. Bar graphs and pie charts
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have been used for the presentation of the various findings. The analysis has been divided into two
categories- economic impact and social impact.
1. Economic Impact Assessment
The analysis of the data revealed that after availing the scheme, the family income of 98 % of the
respondents increased. 94 % of the respondents agreed that their debt/ liability has reduced due to the
increased income after availing the scheme. This has been shown in Chart -1 and Chart - 2 respectively.
Table -1
Characteristics of the respondents Response No. of Respondents (in
%)
Family income has increased due to the Scheme Strongly agree 27.45
Agree 70.59
Neutral 1.96
Disagree 0
Strongly disagree 0
Chart - 1 Chart - 2
Table - 2
Characteristics of the respondents Response No. of Respondents (in %)
Improvement in healthcare and hygiene Strongly agree 3.92
Agree 66.67
Neutral 29.41
Disagree 0
Strongly disagree 0
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Data from Table - 2 shows that approximately 70 % of the respondents agreed to improvement, in their own
and their families’ healthcare and hygiene. They can afford the healthcare facilities for themselves and their
family members after availing the scheme. This has been depicted in Chart - 3.
Table - 3
Characteristics of the respondents Response No. of Respondents (in %)
Increase in ability to meet family
expenditure
Strongly agree 11.76
Agree 86.27
Neutral 1.96
Disagree 0
Strongly disagree 0
Table - 3 reveals that there is increase in the ability of 98 % of the respondents to meet the family
expenditure. Only 2 % of the respondents found no change in their ability to meet family expenditure which
has been shown in Chart - 4.
Chart - 3 Chart - 4
55% of the respondents agreed that they can now afford higher education to their children after availing the
scheme. There is still a large percentage of the respondents i.e. 43 % who said they still can’t afford to
provide higher education to their children. This has been shown in Table - 4 and Chart – 5.
Table - 4
Characteristics of the respondents Response No. of Respondents (in
%)
Increase in ability to afford higher education
of children
Strongly agree 7.84
Agree 47.06
Neutral 43.14
Disagree 1.96
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Strongly disagree 0
Chart - 5
Table - 5
Characteristics of the respondents Response No. of Respondents (in %)
Scheme helped in generating employment Strongly agree 35.29
Agree 64.71
Neutral 0
Disagree
Strongly disagree 0
Data from Table - 5 and Chart - 6 reveals that 100 % of the respondents agreed that the scheme helped in
generating employment for them. The scheme has been successful in creating a sustainable income
generating activity for the beneficiaries.
Chart - 6 Chart - 7
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After availing the scheme, the minor assets such as vehicle, household appliances, home improvement, etc
have increased. It was observed that 4 % of the respondents “strongly agree” and 73 % of the “agree” that
their assets increased after availing the scheme. 23 % of the respondents reported that they had no change in
their assets after availing the scheme. This has been depicted in Table - 6 and Chart - 7.
Table - 6
Characteristics of the respondents Response No. of Respondents (in %)
Assets increased Strongly agree 3.92
Agree 72.55
Neutral 23.53
Disagree 0
Strongly disagree 0
Table - 7 : Correlations
Scheme helped
in generating
employment
Increase in
ability to meet
family
expenditure
9Kendall's tau_b
Scheme helped in
generating employment
Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .313*
Sig. (2-tailed) . .026
N 51 51
Increase in ability to meet
family expenditure
Correlation Coefficient .313* 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .026 .
N 51 51
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Interpretation: From the above table it can be observed that there is mild correlation between the
employment generation and increased ability to meet family expenses at 5 % level of significance. This
means that the people who got employment due to this scheme felt that their ability to meet family
expenses has increased.
Table - 8 : Correlations
Scheme helped
in generating
employment
Debt / liability
reduced due to
the scheme
Kendall's tau_b
Scheme helped in
generating employment
Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .412**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .003
N 51 51
Debt / liability reduced due to
the scheme
Correlation Coefficient .412** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .003 .
N 51 51
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Interpretation: From the above table it can be observed that there is moderate correlation between the
employment generation and reduction in debt/liability after availing the scheme at 1 % level of significance.
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This indicates that the people who got employment due to this scheme were able to pay off debt/liability to a
large extent.
Table - 9 : Correlations
Scheme helped
in generating
employment
Increase in
ability to afford
higher
education of
children
Kendall's tau_b
Scheme helped in
generating employment
Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .346*
Sig. (2-tailed) . .011
N 51 51
Increase in ability to afford
higher education of children
Correlation Coefficient .346* 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .011 .
N 51 51
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Interpretation: From the above table it can be observed that there is mild correlation between the
employment generation and increased ability to afford higher education of their children at 5 % level of
significance which means that the people who got employment due to this scheme found increase in their
ability to afford higher education of their children.
Table - 10 : Correlations
Scheme helped
in generating
employment
Standard of
living improved
Kendall's tau_b
Scheme helped in
generating employment
Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .329*
Sig. (2-tailed) . .021
N 51 50
Standard of living improved
Correlation Coefficient .329* 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .021 .
N 50 50
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Interpretation: From the above table it can be observed that there is mild correlation between the
employment generation and improvement in the standard of living at 5 % level of significance which means
that the people, who got employment due to this scheme, have felt that their standard of living has
improved.
2. Social Impact Assessment
From the data analysis and the below charts i.e. Chart - 7, 8, 9 and 10, it was observed that the confidence
level of all the respondents has increased. Their socialising with people has increased. The respect from the
family members and from other people has increased for them. Their social status is enhanced.
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Chart - 7 Chart - 8
Chart - 9 Chart - 10
Table - 11 : Correlations
Scheme helped
in generating
employment
Confidence
level improved
Kendall's tau_b
Scheme helped in
generating employment
Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .477**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .001
N 51 51
Confidence level improved
Correlation Coefficient .477** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .001 .
N 51 51
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**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Interpretation: From the above table it can be observed that there is moderate correlation between the
employment generation and increase in confidence level at 1 % level of significance. This implies that the
people who got employment due to this scheme felt more confident in taking financial and other decisions
in the house.
Table - 12 : Correlations
Scheme helped
in generating
employment
Decision
making power
improved
Kendall's tau_b
Scheme helped in
generating employment
Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .499**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
N 51 51
Decision making power
improved
Correlation Coefficient .499** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
N 51 51
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Interpretation: From the above table it can be observed that there is moderate correlation between the
employment generation and enhancement in decision making power at 1 % level of significance which
means the people, who got employment due to this scheme, were able to take decisions more effectively and
efficiently.
Table - 13 : Correlations
Scheme helped
in generating
employment
Socializing with
people has
increased
Kendall's tau_b
Scheme helped in
generating employment
Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .442**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .002
N 51 51
Socializing with people has
increased
Correlation Coefficient .442** 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .002 .
N 51 51
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Interpretation: From the above table it can be observed that there is moderate correlation between the
employment generation and increase in the socialising with people at 1 % level of significance. This means
the socialising of the respondents has increased due to the employment they got after availing the scheme.
Table - 14 : Correlations
Scheme helped
in generating
employment
Social status
has improved
Kendall's tau_b
Scheme helped in
generating employment
Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .368**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .009
N 51 51
Social status has improved Correlation Coefficient .368** 1.000
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Sig. (2-tailed) .009 .
N 51 51
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Interpretation: From the above table it can be observed that there is moderate correlation between the
employment generation and improvement in social status at 1 % level of significance. That means the social
status of the respondents increased due to the employment they got after availing this scheme.
Data Findings
It was observed that the scheme has been successful in generating employment for the respondents. By
getting continuous employment, their savings have increased, their debts and liabilities have reduced. They
are able to meet the family expenses. There is improvement in healthcare and hygiene and they are able to
afford higher education for their children. The statistical analysis revealed that the scheme helped the
respondents in getting employment which enhanced their earnings. As a result their ability to afford
healthcare, insurance etc increased and their standard of living improved. The financial status of the
respondents has improved after vailing the scheme.
There is not only a positive economic impact but also a positive social impact of the scheme on the
respondents. The empirical and statistical analysis of the collected data revealed that there has been an
increase in the decision making ability. The confidence of the respondents increased after availing the
scheme. Their socialising with people has increased. There is an increase in the respect given and shown by
the family members and other people to the respondents. Their social status has improved due to the
scheme.
Conclusion
Poverty and unemployment are directly related to each other and are two main problems every under-
developed and developing nation is struggling to resolve. Rehman (2012) has defined poverty as the state of
inability to attain a minimal standard of living in terms of low income, inadequate housing, poor health, low
work and life expectancy. Nobel Laureate and renowned economist Amartya Sen argued that the poor
people need financial assistance to bring them out of poverty.
Shastri (2009) in his article ‘Micro-finance and Poverty Reduction in India-A Comparative Study with
Asian Countries’, suggested that the self-employment is an effective remedy for unemployment and to
eradicate poverty and for that micro-finance is very necessary. Microfinance can provide income generating
activity which can elevate the financial status of the poor and thus help in reducing or eradicating poverty.
Veer Chandra Garhwali Paryatan Yojana has been instrumental and successful in providing employment to
the beneficiaries. This scheme has improved their financial status. Many beneficiaries who had availed the
scheme for opening a restaurant/hotel, employed many other people, thereby, generating more employment
and in turn helping them to come out of poverty. This study has shown that with a little aid from
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Government, marginalised and poor people, those who are struggling to make both ends meet can not only
improve the economic condition of their households but also of the society and hence of the nation.
Uttarakhand Government had launched this scheme with an intention to generate employment. This scheme
has been successful in achieving the objective of the Government. Another objective of launching this
scheme was to develop the transportation facilities in the state. The rural, hilly regions lack in transportation
facilities and this poses a big challenge for the residents of those regions. Majority of the beneficiaries of
this scheme availed the scheme for purchasing transport vehicles. This has improved the connectivity
between the towns.
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