05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 1

Nature & Society:Crisis of Climate Change & Eco-Justice in Our Common Home

Dr. Rey Ty

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Outline

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Objectives

Theological Foundation• Climate Change “is a global problem

with grave implications: environmental, social, economic, political and for the distribution of goods … Its worst impact will probably be felt by developing countries in coming decades.”

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Encyclical Letter of Pope Francis “On Care for Our Common Home,” (Laudato Si’), May 24, 2015, Para. 25

© 2012 Rey Ty

Human Beings

Contradictions & Dialectical Historical Development in Time & Space

Necessity, Oppressive Consciousness & Structure

Economy

Polit

icsCulture

Ideo

logy

Freedom, Liberating Consciousness & Agency

Class

Gender

Colo

rAbilities

Soci

ety N

aturePhilo

Ethics

Difference

Uniq

uene

ss

Age

Psych

12

3

Ethnicity

Centrifugal Forces

Centripetal Forces

© 2010 Rey Ty

Past Future

Present

Nature• 2,741,230 Forest loss this year (hectares)• 3,690,437 Land lost to soil erosion this year

(ha)• 19,620,181,260 CO2 emissions this year (tons)• 6,325,276 Desertification this year (hectares)• 5,161,625 tons Toxic chemicals released • in the environment this year

http://www.worldometers.info/

climate change?

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What is

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https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/see-earth-temperature-spiral

Climate Change in 1 Slide The mercury does not lie: we have hit a troubling climate

change milestone. (Boston Globe, March

5, 2016)http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/03/04/why-degree-temperature-jump-more-important-than-trump-hands/lCyz5MHZkH8aD0HIDJrcYJ/story.html?event=event25

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Climate Change 1850 - 2100

http://www.countercurrents.org/2016/07/04/what-would-a-global-warming-increase-of-1-5-degrees-be-like/

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https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/climate-change-explained-10-cartoons?utm_source=email-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=General

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Climate Change

• The Paris climate conference (Dec 2015) pledged to keep warming “well below 2 degrees Celsius” & to “pursue efforts” to limit it to 1.5 C.

U.N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-key-points

http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/12/12/paris-deal-sets-path-to-limit-warming-to-15-c.html

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Climate Change• The mercury doesn’t lie: We’ve hit a

troubling climate change milestone• Across the northern hemisphere, the

temperature, if only for a few hours, apparently crossed a line: it was more than two degrees Celsius above “normal” for the first time in recorded history and likely for the first time in the course of human civilization.

Bill McKibben, Boston Globe, March 5, 2016

http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/03/04/why-degree-temperature-jump-more-important-than-trump-hands/lCyz5MHZkH8aD0HIDJrcYJ/story.html?event=event25

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The 1.5C passage from the Paris agreement.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/12/paris-climate-deal-key-points

Climate Change

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http://www.countercurrents.org/2016/07/04/what-would-a-global-warming-increase-of-1-5-degrees-be-like/

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• Feeding Climate Change: Oxfam says companies must make drastic emissions cuts. •Or else, Paris Agreement’s goals of “net-zero” emissions by the middle of the century & limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius will not be met.

Food Carbon Footprints

https://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressreleases/2016-06-27/just-five-food-commodities-produce-more-greenhouse-gases-any

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Consumer Food• 14.5% of greenhouses gases come

from farming (meat & dairy)• That’s more than all the vehicles,

trucks, planes, ships, & trains on Earth

• If continued, emissions could rise to 73% by 2050

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 17https://www.facebook.com/theguardian/videos/10153458263351323/

Consumer

Food05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 18

https://www.facebook.com/MarchAgainstMonstanto/photos/a.566016720083519.1073741828.566004240084767/1236663393018845/?type=3&theater

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 19http://www.propane.ca/en/about-propane/environmental-benefits

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Global Crisis• Every hour…1.3.7 million barrels of oil are extracted from the

Earth2.932,000 tons of coal are removed from Earth3.395 million cubic meters of natural gas are

removed from Earth4.4.1 million tons of carbon dioxide are put into

the Earth’s atmosphere5.9,300 more people inhabit the Earth

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 21http://www.globalresearch.ca/as-climate-disruption-advances-un-warns-the-future-is-happening-now/5523661

http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/35860-as-climate-disruption-advances-un-warns-the-future-is-happening-now

Problem•“Profiting from death, devastation , and destruction is the norm.”

• By Colin Todhunter, June 05, 2016

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 22http://www.globalresearch.ca/on-world-environment-day-profiting-from-death-devastation-and-destruction-is-the-norm/5529090

Global Crisis•United Nations: Global Destruction of Nature on Fast Track

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 23http://www.globalresearch.ca/global-destruction-of-mother-earth-on-fast-track-un-assessment/5526380

Crisis• U.N. on Asia Pacific (2016): “Increasing unsustainable consumption patterns have led to worsening air pollution, water scarcity and waste generation, threatening human and environmental health. Increased demand for fossil fuels and natural resources – extensive agriculture, palm oil and rubber plantations, aquaculture and the illegal trade in wildlife – are causing environmental degradation and biodiversity loss.”

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 24http://www.globalresearch.ca/global-destruction-of-mother-earth-on-fast-track-un-assessment/5526380

Contradictions

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https://www.dhushara.com/book/renewal/voices2/recol.htm

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Contradictions• Globalized

corporate entities fund lobbyists to claim that climate change is a hoax.

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Conservative Funders of Climate Denial Are Quietly Spending Millions To Generate More Partisan Journalism

https://www.desmogblog.com/2016/06/16/conservative-funders-climate-denial-are-quietly-spending-millions-create-more-partisan-journalism

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Contradictions•There is a tension between economic globalization and Nature.

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Contradictions• Global North (20%)

account for 90% of yearly greenhouse gas emissions over the past 100 years through fossil fuel burning (coal, oil, gas)

http://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

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Economic Globalization

https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

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Climate Change Encompasses

https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

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Five Common Foods Produce More Greenhouse Gas Emissions Than Nearly All Countries

Rice, soy, corn, wheat, & palm oil

https://www.oxfamamerica.org/press/just-five-food-commodities-produce-more-greenhouse-gases-than-any-country-except-emissions-giants-china-and-the-us/

Except China & the U.S.A.Big Corporate Agri-Business & GMO Biotech “Seeds of Destruction”

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Greenhouse Gases

https://policy-practice.oxfamamerica.org/work/climate-change/food-commodity-footprints/

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Food Carbon Footprints• Greenhouse gases produced by each commodity

577,404,570,000 m3-equivalents 92 Billion m3-equivalents

15 Billion m3-equivalents418 Billion m3-equivalents

145 Billion m3-equivalents

11.9 Billion m3-

equivalents

https://policy-practice.oxfamamerica.org/work/climate-change/food-commodity-footprints/

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• Latest global temperature data by NASA: April was

1.11°C above 1951-1980 average, warmest April ever by 0.24˘C.

Crisis of Climate Change

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/hottest-april-2016-nasa_us_57394f3ae4b060aa781aa334

April 2016 was the hottest April in recorded history.

Global Crisis•Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration Has Passed the Point of No Return

• By Dahr Jamail, Global Research, May 27, 2016, Truthout 23 May 2016

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 37http://www.globalresearch.ca/atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-concentration-has-passed-the-point-of-no-return/5527497

http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/36133-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide-concentration-has-passed-the-point-of-no-return

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• Rising Sea Levels Swallow 5 Pacific IslandsCrisis of Climate Change

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/solomon-islands-swallowed-climate-change_us_5730f200e4b0bc9cb047b77b?slideshow=true

Crisis• Globalization

benefits the 1%

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62 persons 7.2 billion own same

wealth as ½ of the world

https://moblog.wiredwings.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/tumblr_lft4ivgT5h1qznaf9o1_500.jpg

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Few rich benefit from exploiting the environment which cause destruction of Nature & the suffering of the majority.

Crisis

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The Problem lies with globalized corporations & agri-business which control resources, influence governments, exploit cheap labor, & destroy nature.

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Philosophical

Economic

Political

Cultural

Social

Nature

Structural Problems

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Causes of Climate Change

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Neoliberal Globalization

Neoliberal Globalization

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Problem• Scapegoating migrant labor • “Economic and trade

policies have been a major contributor to their plight.”

•

http://www.progressive.org/news/2016/07/188830/global-trade-whats-good-progressive-do

Problem•Climate Change is Behind the Surge of Migrants to Europe (Time Magazine, Sept. 7, 2015)

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http://time.com/4024210/climate-change-migrants/?xid=fbshare

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Problem with Neoliberal Globalization

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•Unemployment in the North & Cheap Labor in the South

Problem with Globalization of Labor

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Methane Gas: Poor suffer most

Problem:

Throwaway Society

Crisis of Overproduction & Overconsumption of

Disposable Commodities

Problem: Commodity Fetishism

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Everything we do have a (high or low) carbon impact.

Alienation

Problem•Greed & profit at the expense of people and nature

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Problem• ”Humans Are The Most Destructive

Species On Earth.”• “Our excuse – Cleansing, development

and progress – The irony of it all is we justify our destructive tendencies as intervention and manipulation.”

• By Pratap Antony, April 22, 201605/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 56

http://www.globalresearch.ca/earth-day-2016-humans-are-the-most-destructive-species-on-earth/5521372

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The Worst HitThe Poor in the Poor & Rich Countries

Problems•TNCs, Mining, Agri-Business, Plantations, Land Grabs, Indigenous Peoples, Peasants, & Human Rights Violations

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 58http://www.globalresearch.ca/human-rights-violations-and-land-grabbing-linked-to-global-palm-oil-supply-chains/5523343

http://www.forestpeoples.org/topics/agribusiness/news/2016/05/indigenous-community-and-civil-society-leaders-call-action-human-ri

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Problems

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Problem with the Globalized Economic Growth Model

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Mining Nature

Indigenous Peoples

Pollution

Peasants

Workers New Gadgets

The poor, marginalized, & dispossessed are

always affected.

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 63http://www.adb.org/publications/environmental-issues-climate-changes-and-energy-security-developing-asia

What are our sources of energy?

Petroleum, Nuclear, Dams,

Geothermal, Biomass,

Sun, Wind , Tides,

Human, Mechanical , Animal, etc.

Carbon Footprint?

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Atmospheric CO2 Level May Not Drop Below 400 ppm “Within Our Lifetimes”

in Climate Change — by Yale Environment 360 — June 28, 2016

http://www.countercurrents.org/2016/06/28/atmospheric-co2-level-may-not-drop-below-400-ppm-within-our-lifetimes/

Contradictions

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Harmony

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All Are Interconnected

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/22/global-warming-hit-asia-hardest

Climate Change Hits Asia Hardest

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/22/global-warming-hit-asia-hardest

http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-57_u-484_t-1319_c-5076/what-are-the-environmental-problems-faced-by-the-region-/qld/sose-geography/asia-pacific-challenges-world-environments/finding-solutions

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http://www.adb.org/publications/environmental-issues-climate-changes-and-energy-security-developing-asia

Threat from Climate Change

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http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/campaigns/climate-energy/problems/impacts/

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Impact of Climate Change

http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/campaigns/climate-energy/problems/impacts/

Cities That Will be Hit First

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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/10/09/map-these-are-the-cities-that-climate-change-will-hit-first/

Global Pollution ProblemWorst

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 74http://matadornetwork.com/change/6-environmental-challenges-facing-southeast/

Many International Environmental Laws

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http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

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Bio-Fuelshttp://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

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Dams•Threat to functioning of Mekong River

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

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Eco-Tourism•Well-intentioned•But cause irreversible impact on people’s livelihoods all over Southeast Asia

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 79http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

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http://ejap.org/environmental-issues-in-asia/AirPollution.html

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http://ejap.org/environmental-issues-in-asia/AirPollution.html

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http://ejap.org/environmental-issues-in-asia/AirPollution.html

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Forests & Peat- Land Burning

http://broom02.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Southeast%20Asian%20haze

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Upper Mekong River

http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

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Law vs. Impediments• Several laws were passed

1. Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1985

2. Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in 2002• But there are constraints

1. Non-interference in domestic affairs2. Informality of negotiations3. Non-binding agreements (non-treaties)

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Destruction of Nature

http://hernadi-key.blogspot.com/2009/02/6-major-environmental-problems-of-asia.html

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Effects• Environmental Racism• The rich have bottled water & air conditioner• The poor suffer the most from

–Economic and political domination–Environmental damage

AsiaMajor Problems1. Endangered species (elephants)2. Air pollution (worst: palm oil

companies)3. Coral reef destruction4. Deforestation5. Water (Himalayas)6. Increased urbanization

Solutions1. Conservation & nature preserves2. Zero-burn policies3. Reduce carbon footprint; 4. Use recycled wood; buy from companies

committed to zero deforestation5. Prevent deforestation6. Foster sustainable development with

low poverty level to produce less environmental impact

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 88http://matadornetwork.com/change/6-environmental-challenges-facing-southeast/

Shallow Ecology• Human-centered & utilitarian only• Concerned only with pollution,

resource depletion, and “health & affluence of people in developed countries”

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 89http://www.ecodharma.com/articles-influences-audio/radical-ecology

Eco-Injustice

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Tasks Ahead

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Agenda to Reduce Greenhouse Gas•To reduce or overcome climate change crisis

Tasks Ahead

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05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 94By NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council)

Poverty, Hunger, Health, Education, Empowerment, Water, Energy, Economic, Innovation, Equality, Community, Resource, Commitment, Oceans, Eco-System, Social Justice, Global, Our

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Caution!Need to distinguish between

https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

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https://www.facebook.com/PopulationMatters/photos/a.294081780665721.68364.120739704666597/1090857797654778/?type=3&theater

“Perceived gains in efficiency are quickly cancelled out by increased use and an ever growing number of consumers.”

Watch Out!

Tasks Ahead•Support slow food, local food, & grow food in pots & in our own backyard

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Tasks Ahead• “…we cannot continue to ignore those

struggling at the forefront of climate change in communities relegated to the political margins. Not only have their environments been impacted by the production and consumption of resources for our industrialized world, but they also represent the leading edge of our own environmental future.

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 98http://www.umcmission.org/find-resources/new-world-outlook-magazine/2016/may/june/0621eraofclimatechange

Solidarity with the Grassroots

Tasks Ahead• “Fortunately, the current grassroots

struggles for climate justice are increasingly spearheaded by the impacted peoples themselves—low income people, people of color, and indigenous peoples.”

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 99http://www.umcmission.org/find-resources/new-world-outlook-magazine/2016/may/june/0621eraofclimatechange

Leadership from the Margins

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Work towards eco-justice (while the greedy 1% pursue profits only).

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https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/climate-change-explained-10-cartoons?utm_source=email-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=General

Dominant Economic Model•Greed reduces nature into “resources” to be mastered, exploited, controlled, destroyed, & used for profit & “economic growth”

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Traditional Security•Cold War•Military power

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Non-Traditional Security

•Human Security

Non-Traditional Security

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http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

Not Enough

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Tasks Ahead

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Tasks Ahead

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https://www.facebook.com/telesurenglish/photos/a.492297374247003.1073741828.479681268841947/865259693617434/?type=3&theater TeleSUR

Bring Power Back to the People

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Tasks Ahead• Solidarity with

women who reject economic system that abuses…

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Structural Response

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 114http://coub.com/view/4rjre.gifv https://coub.com/view/4rjre

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 115http://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/environmental-issues-southeast-asia/

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05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 118https://www.facebook.com/GlobalPeaceIndex/photos/a.93013399748.82630.92288319748/10154414169094749/?type=3

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 119https://www.facebook.com/CitizensClimateLobby/photos/a.10150653697900808.374709.310925405807/10153655361650808/?type=3&theater

800 citizen lobbyists gather on capital hill to

advocate for climate solutions. This is

democracy in action! #CCL2016 —

at US Capitol Washington, DC

From Eco-Injustice

•To Eco-Justice05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 120

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Mainstream Alternative

Energy

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Eco-Justice• Link together “environmental”

and social justice issues• Link together deep ecology (Arne

Naess, 1972) and social ecology• Don’t forget social classes!

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 123

Philosophical

Economic

Political

Cultural

Social

Nature

Structural Solutions

Paradigm Shift•Talk about Nature•Not “Environment”

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 124

Nature1.Bahasa

Indonesia2.Chinese3.Filipino

1.Alam2.自然界3.Kalikasan

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Environment1.Bahasa

Indonesia2.Chinese3.Filipino

1.Lingkungan Hidup

2.環境 3.Kapaligiran

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https://www.facebook.com/equiterre/photos/a.134105659934366.24017.117926081552324/1230616480283273/?type=3&theater

“Environment” vs. “Nature”

自然界環境

Integrity of NatureHuman-Centered Life-Centered

Deep Ecology: Cosmos as a whole

Tasks Ahead

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05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 129https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/our-land-our-climate-our-future

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Support ending coal mining in our public lands today.

https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/our-land-our-climate-our-future

Tasks Ahead1. End neoliberal globalization

control over Nature & our lives

2. End reliance on carbon-based fossil fuels (coal, oil, & gas)

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Tasks Ahead• It’s not about trade or no trade.• It’s about who makes laws & who benefits.

http://www.progressive.org/news/2016/07/188830/global-trade-whats-good-progressive-do

Profits

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https://twitter.com/DFAaction/status/750396482965024769/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 135

Despite What Media Says, TPP Isn’t About Free Trade — It’s About Protecting Corporate Profits

https://theintercept.com/2016/07/05/despite-what-media-says-tpp-isnt-about-free-trade-its-about-helping-corporations/

Tasks Ahead• “Free trade” without

enough provisions to protect Nature have damaging consequences

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• International Trade

Tasks Ahead•Stop sending pollution from the Global North to the Global South

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• International Pollution

Tasks AheadTransportation

• Expand, Promote, & Use Mass Transit–Train–Bus

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 138

Tasks AheadConsumer Food

•Eat less beef (14x more warming effect than chicken)

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 139

Veggies to Combat Climate Change• Oxford found that

emissions from food production will eat up a whopping 50% of our carbon budget in a few decades

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 140http://www.vox.com/2016/7/7/12106708/impossible-foods-ezra-klein-show?utm_campaign=vox.social&utm_medium=social&utm_content=voxdotcom&utm_source=facebook

Tasks Ahead

Tasks AheadConsumer Food

•Eat less eggs (eggless mayo) & more plant-based food

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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/josh-tetrick-dreamforce_us_55f8b3c4e4b0b48f67013136

Grassroots Democracy

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International Solidarity with

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Tasks Ahead

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Tasks Ahead

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•Caring, Sharing, Nature & People over Greed & Profits •Grassroots Economic, Political, & Cultural Empowerment

Transformation

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Put Nature & People First,

Especially the Poor & the Oppressed,

Not Greed & Profits!

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Care for

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Tasks Ahead•Defy Economic Globalization!

•Defend Life!

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© 2016 Rey Ty

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© 2016 Rey Ty

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Tasks Ahead• On globalization:

“There is a populist response from the left and the right. Elites should pay attention.”

http://www.progressive.org/news/2016/07/188830/global-trade-whats-good-progressive-do

Which Planet Earth?

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Economic Globalization, Countries, or Nature?

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Ecumenically pursue Eco-Justice!

Work for Equality & Nature

05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 161http://www.countercurrents.org/2016/07/04/equality-and-sustainability-can-we-have-both/

Thank You!

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05/02/23 Dr. Rey Ty 163https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2014/sep/21/peoples-climate-march-in-new-york-in-pictures?CMP=fb_us

Fair Use• In good faith, this work contains fair use of copyrighted and non-copyrighted

images from the public domain & the web for non-commercial & nonprofit educational purposes.

• This work is distributed free of charge.• The author has neither monetized this work nor sought any profit from its

distribution.• Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976: Allowance is

made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.

• This work contains original work of commentary and critical analysis. • Quotations are attributed to the original authors and sources.

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References• Provided in pertinent slides.• Interview with Dr. Abram Bicksler of Echo Asia

Impact Center. (2016). echonet.org/• Environment articles. (2016). Center for Research

on Globalization. http://www.globalresearch.ca/theme/environment

• David Hallman. (2002). Globalization & Climate Change. WCC. https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-

creation/climate-change-water/globalization-and-climate-change

Nature & Society:Crisis of Climate Change & Eco-Justice in Our Common Home

Dr. Rey Ty