Post on 13-Apr-2017
Combating Pediatric Stunting in the Saharanpur District of Uttar Pradesh
Lauren GistBeenish Kamran
Yashna KrishnamaniPrima Modi
Aarin Palomares 1
IndiaTotal Population: 1,236,344,631 (2nd largest)Infant Mortality Rate: 43.19 deaths / 1,000 live birthsReligion: Hinduism (80.1%) - traditional, deep rootsVulnerabilities:
- Poor Hygiene & Sanitation- Highly Dense Populated Areas
Uttar Pradesh DemographicsPopulation: 200,581,477 Religion: Hinduism (84%) Islam (18.4%)Literacy Rate: 68% Overall
Target Population: Saharanpur District of Uttar PradeshPopulation: 3,466,382 (2011)Literacy Rate: 70% Overall 2
Problem & Objective
Problem: Religion and lack of education constitute to a highprevalence in open defecation in rural areas of Northern India- Largest factor of pediatric stunting- Causes gastrointestinal diseases- Pollutes the environment
Household Latrine Statistics for Rural Saharanpur
Objective: Provide effective strategies to combat pediatric stunting in the Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh
3
Existing Initiatives/PoliciesTotal Sanitation Campaign (TSC): Comprehensive program that ensures sanitation facilities in rural defecation with goal to eradicate open defecation
Prime Minister Modi’s Initiative- Pledge of 11 million toilets
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation- Reinvent toilet campaign
4
Methods
- Aligning with Community-Led Total Sanitation Approach- Gearing interventions based on community assessments- Developing appropriate technology- Lobbying the local government to pass a No Defecating Policy in the Saharanpur
A Multifaceted Approach with Focus on Community-Led Total Sanitation and Collective Behavioral Change
5
Why Community Led Total Sanitation? - Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is already
being used in 16 of the 35 states in India.
- An estimate of around 5 million people have gained access to safe sanitation across rural India due to CLTS.
- In regions such as Himachal Pradesh and Haryana, there has been a 60-70% increase in sanitation coverage.
- In Bihar, where they use subsidies instead of CTLS, they have only had a 20% increase in sanitation coverage.
http://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/sites/communityledtotalsanitation.org/files/images/CLTSPosterirsp.jpg6
Retrieved from: http://www.mapc.org/sites/default/files/CDC%20impact%20table_2.JPG
7
Year 1
Identifying, Educating and
Training Community
Latrinesand
Sustainability
Changing the Norms
Projected TimelineYear 2 Year 3
8
Year 1Identifying, Educating and Training Community
Goal: To gain trust within the community, identify possible partners in initiative, reach out and educate community leaders to address open defecation, and launch initial media campaign
- Community Assessment- Build Relationships- Educate and train community leaders
9
Year 1
Q1 (Months 1-3)
Initial community assessment/mapping
Build relationships and gain trust from community members
Q2 (Months 4-6)
Identify community leaders through community assessment/mapping
Educate the community members of the issue by conducting a transect walk
Reach out to current community stakeholders (other NGOs, UN, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation)
Obtain governmental support by contacting officials in district
Q3 (Months 7-9)
Community Workshops: 1-2 times a month
Train local community leaders to advocate against dangers of open defecation
Educate community members about how OD leads to stuntingProvide resources/materials to educate and promote latrine usage
Gain media and ad campaign support
Q4 (Months 10-12)
Evaluate training and education program for next year
Refocus community workshops based on evaluation
10
Year 2Changing the Norms
Goal: To establish a collective behavioral approach, changing the attitudes on open defecation through a mass media campaign that takes into account culture
- Focus scope of ad campaign to include cultural influence and familiarize locals with the dangers of open defecation
- Lobby local government to enforce ‘No Open Defecation in Saharanpur’ policy
11
Year 2
Q1 (Months 1-3)
Second annual community assessment/mapping
Expand efforts to include more villages utilizing temples as community centers
Bharatanatyam
Launch mass media campaign
Execute reformed community workshops
Q2 (Months 4-6)
Incorporate a holistic advertisement campaign
Refocus campaign to include popular Bollywood culture and influence
Focus on mother’s involvement as a primary caregiver (trigger emotion)
Panchatantra: Open Defecation Edition
12
Bharatanatyam in Temples/Community Centers
13
14
15
https://sanitationupdates.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/tbc-nepal.jpg16
Year 2 (cont.)
Q3 (Months 7-9)
Continue ad campaignInnovation Workshop focused on addressing concerns of current latrines and accommodate community preferred design
Begin lobbying to local government officials to enforce policy (No Open Defecation in Saharanpur)
Q4 (Months 10-12)
Evaluate and refocus ad campaignEvaluate Innovation Workshop
17
Retrieved from: http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2010India_PolicyBrief10.pdf18
Year 3Sustainability & Latrines
Goal: To facilitate the design of a latrine that is more suitable to the comfort level of the community and to ensure sustainability through additional funding
- Conduct participatory community surveys about latrine design- Continue advocating policy - Compile data on effectiveness of initiative and propose partnership with Prime
Minister Modi’s “Clean India” Campaign and other organizations
19
Year 3
Q1 (Months 1-3)
Third community assessment/mappingHold a community district innovation fair showcasing community-geared latrine design and conduct a community participatory survey to evaluate which design would be most effective
Find external funding for the implementation of community preferred latrinesPropose to government to make our NGO a part of the Modi Green Campaign
Q2 (Months 4-6)
Raise support for anti-open defecation policyContinue searching for funds to build latrines
Q3 (Months 7-9)
Sustainability Workshop focused on training and expanding community engagementContinue lobbying the government to pass policy
Q4 (Months 10-12)
Expand community workshops district wide
20
21
Finances
22
Evaluation and Impact
Measurable Outcomes
• Annual Surveys• Media Campaign Evaluations
Subjective: Annual Community Assessments
• We expect to greatly reduce open defecation in the Saharanpur district• We aim to achieve similar results throughout the Uttar Pradesh region and spread
across India
We Plan to follow CDC’s Guide to Analyzing the Cost-Effectiveness of Community Public Health Prevention Approaches
23
Sustainability
- Partner with Prime Minister Modi’s initiatives and ask for additional funding in order to continue elimination campaign
- Our NGO will enact similar plans in surrounding districts and move throughout in districts of Uttar Pradesh
- Progress monitored through routine annual community assessments
- Trained facilitators will continue mobilizing the community
24
Acknowledgements
Dr. Dale Dickinson for his mentorship
Dr. Daniel Chavez-Yenter for support throughout the week
Sparkman Center of Global Health
Fellow classmates for invaluable commentary, guidance and discussions
Thank You!25
References ● http://www.indiasanitationportal.org/ ● http://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/country/india● http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2010India_PolicyBrief10.pdf● http://riceinstitute.org/wordpress/2014/07/30/do-religious-leaders-talk-about-defecation-
in-india/● http://riceinstitute.org/blog/three-government-sanitaiton-programs-fail-to-improve-open-
defecation-in-one-switching-study-village/● http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Reinvent-the-Toilet-
Challenge● http://personales.upv.es/anhuegon/latrines.html● http://www.endwaterpoverty.org/sites/endwaterpoverty.org/files/WTD%20Dossier.pdf● http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/503-saharanpur.html● http://riceinstitute.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Open_Defecation.pdf
26
TOILET COVERAGE AND SANITATION
PERFORMANCE IN INDIA BY STATES (2001-2011)
27
What is CLTS?Sample Workshop
Day 1- Introduction to CTLS Groups discussed expectations on how to stop open defecation, how to motivate, how
to change thinking, and how to increase low cost toilets and develop effectiveness Groups presented on projects that failed and addressed why they failed Role Play- attitudes and behaviors of facilitators
Day 2- Triggering Tools Rapport building, defecation mapping, calculation of fecal matter, calculation on
expenditure of diseases, low cost toilets, and commitment date (These are considered tools)
Goal is to motivate participants to make changes
Day 3- Roles and Responsibilities Groups demonstrated strategies and tools to villages
Day 4- Triggering Outcomes and Film Show The groups presented on their outcomes in the villages and had follow-up visits
Day 5- Natural Leader Presentations
Overall Process
Pre-Triggering
Triggering
Post Triggering
Beyond CLTS
28
Innovation WorkshopPhase 1: Team Building Teams consisting of builders, village health workers, and an Environmental Health
Officer Identify root of issue Identify advantages and disadvantages of current technology (latrines)
Phase 2: Discovery Identify potential design options for latrines geared towards villagers’ needs Brainstorm and mapout designs Identify
Phase 3: Prototyping Create small prototypes of designs Gain feedback from villagers 29
Saharanpur StatisticsUttar Pradesh Region Saharanpur District
Population200,581,477 3,466,382
Literacy Rate 68% 70%
% OD (highest)
30
Success Story!
32