The Growth and Development The Growth and Development and of The Teethand of The Teeth

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Tooth DevelopmentTooth Development Tooth developmentTooth development is the complex process is the complex process

teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth and erupt into the mouth ODONTOGENESISODONTOGENESIS

Primary (baby) teeth start to form between Primary (baby) teeth start to form between sixth and eighth week intra uterinesixth and eighth week intra uterine

Permanent teeth begin to form in the Permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth weektwentieth week intra uterine intra uterine

Tooth development is commonly divided into Tooth development is commonly divided into the following stage:the following stage:

1.1. Bud stageBud stage

2.2. Cap stageCap stage

3.3. Bell stageBell stageii

Streptococcus mutans, a bacteria found in the mouth, contributes to tooth decay.

PLAQUEPLAQUE

Plaque:Plaque: is a biofilm is a biofilm contains more than contains more than

600 different 600 different identified species identified species of bacteriaof bacteria

Streptococcus mutans, a bacteria found in the mouth, contributes to tooth decay.

Saliva and oral health

There are three major salivary There are three major salivary glands found in the mouthglands found in the mouth

Hydrating–moisturizing• Cleansing• Lubrication• Digestion• Remineralization of dentition(pH maintenance, buffering)

• Maintenance of mucosal integrity• Immunity mediator• Antimicrobial (antifungal, antibacterial)• Stimulation of minor salivary glands• Cellular maintenance• Enables swallowing• Enables tasting Enables speech articulation

Function of salivaFunction of saliva

PH VALUEPH VALUE pH values:pH values: measure of acidity or measure of acidity or

alkalinity of a solution alkalinity of a solution

measured on a scale of measured on a scale of 1-14 1-14

pH of 7 indicated that pH of 7 indicated that the solution is neutralthe solution is neutral

pH of the mouth is close pH of the mouth is close to neutral until other to neutral until other factors are introduced factors are introduced

pH is a factor in pH is a factor in demineralization and demineralization and remineralizationremineralization

DEMINERALIZATIONDEMINERALIZATION Demineralization:Demineralization:• mineral salts dissolve mineral salts dissolve

into the surrounding into the surrounding salivary fluid: salivary fluid:

– enamel at enamel at approximate pH of approximate pH of 5.5 or lower5.5 or lower

– dentin at dentin at approximate pH of approximate pH of 6.5 or lower 6.5 or lower

• erosion or caries can erosion or caries can occur occur

REMINERALIZATIONREMINERALIZATION

Remineralization:Remineralization:•pH comes back to pH comes back to neutral (7)neutral (7)•saliva-rich calcium and saliva-rich calcium and phosphatesphosphates•minerals penetrate the minerals penetrate the damaged enamel damaged enamel surface and repair it:surface and repair it:

– enamel pH is above enamel pH is above 5.55.5

– dentin pH is above dentin pH is above 6.56.5

Stages of tooth decayStages of tooth decay

DENTAL CARIES-DENTAL CARIES-PULPITISPULPITIS

GINGIVITIS AND GINGIVITIS AND PERIODONTITISPERIODONTITIS

DENTAL PLAQUEDENTAL PLAQUE

Dental plaque -> soft Dental plaque -> soft deposit that form the deposit that form the biofilm adhering to the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface.tooth surface.

Not removed by Not removed by rinsing with water.rinsing with water.

GINGIVITISGINGIVITIS

MODERATE GINGIVITISMODERATE GINGIVITIS

SEVERE GINGIVITISSEVERE GINGIVITIS

DISCLOSING SOLUTIONDISCLOSING SOLUTION

CALCULUSCALCULUS

Calculus is calcified Calculus is calcified plaque, that form by plaque, that form by mineralization of mineralization of dental plaque and dental plaque and cannot be removed cannot be removed by brushing teeth.by brushing teeth.

Supra and sub Supra and sub gingival calculus gingival calculus

PERIODONTITISPERIODONTITIS

Bacterimia Bacterimia enzim enzim plaqueplaque arteriosclerosisarteriosclerosis

WHY DENTALCARE IS IMPORTANT DURING

PREGNANCY? BacteriaBacteriaendotoxendotox

inin inflammatory inflammatory mediator activated mediator activated translocation to translocation to placenta placenta membranemembrane contraction contraction uterine muscle uterine muscle baby born weight baby born weight lossloss

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

BUD STAGEBUD STAGE

Early stage of Early stage of tooth developmenttooth development

The dental lamina The dental lamina invaginatus from invaginatus from the oral ephiteliumthe oral ephitelium