Post on 29-Mar-2015
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Oral Fluids Collection: Cotton ropes can be used collect oral fluids to be used as a diagnostic specimen. Infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
virus, swine influenza virus, or porcine circovirus type 2 can be detected in oral fluids. A specialized assay is used, be sure to check with the diagnostic laboratory for
submission details.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Euthanasia: Proper Captive Bolt Gun Placement
Draw a line from medial canthus of the eye to the medial side of opposite ear, repeat on other side.
Where the lines cross is the proper place (yellow circle) to place the bolt gun.
Be sure to have the end of the gun flat against the skull so that the barrel is perpendicular to the surface of the skull.
Proper placement should penetrate the brain and brainstem.
Ensure proper cartridge size
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Captive bolt gun: Utilizes gun powder charges to a drive bolt through the brainstem for euthanasia.
130 milligrain charge adequate for most pigs
Traditional style captive bolt gun
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both the stifle and hock
Step 1: Make a slit through the skin along
midline (not directly over the joints) and skin the leg all the way down past the
hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Step 2, Stifle Samples:
Once skinned, locate the patella and then make
three deep slices with your knife around the stifle
It is important to make your cuts all the way to the
underlying bone Patella
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both the stifle and hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Step 2 Images
Palpating the patella
Finishing making the 3rd cut
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both the stifle and hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Step 3: Along the medial cut make sure you have
sliced down through all tissue layers to the
bone
Locate the patella and slide it laterally, thus
exposing the stifle joint without contaminating
it.
Patella pulled laterally with
muscle
Open stifle joint (note the presence of the patellar grove)
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both the stifle and hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Step 4:
Collect sample from the joint by using a sterile syringe and a 20 g x 1”
needle
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both the stifle and hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Step 5:
Make a tiny incision in the joint capsule to allow
access for a swab. Don’t stab into the joint. Use a new clean knife or sterile scalpel for this incision.
Use a sterile swab to obtain a sample for
culture.
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both the stifle and hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Step 6 hock samples:
Use the most distal cut that was originally made for
the stifle sample to access the hock joint
Patella
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both the stifle and hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Step 7:
Grab the belly of the transected muscle and pull it distally, taking your knife and cutting connective
tissue as you pull, exposing the hock joint
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both
the stifle and hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Step 8:At this point you should be able to visualize the hock joint and collect
samples without contaminating the joint.
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both the stifle and hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Transfer samples to appropriate packaging and label with pig identifier.
Post-mortem sample collection technique for aseptically collecting joint fluid from both the stifle and hock
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
This is a common method for restraining and bleeding pigs
that are too small for the snare method.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Vaccination schedule at a sow farms: Help to keep pre-farrowing vaccinations and feed adjustments on schedule even when employees most familiar with the process are
off for the day.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Posted treatment protocols: These are critical to getting consistent results and proper treatment over time. Without a consistent approach to treatment, response can not be
evaluated and refinements are tough to make.
Compounding is illegal: Mixtures often mask an underlying problem or risk factor that
needs to be corrected.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
The blue device is checking for the amount of deterioration that has occurred to the nasal turbinates of the pig. The deeper the device is able to enter the turbinates, the greater degree of damage or loss of turbinate function has
occurred.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Needle-free injection system: when pressed firmly against the hide of an animal, automatically propels, via a pressurized system, a dose of treatment
through the skin and into muscle tissue.
Carbon-dioxide canister attaches here
Pressure gauge Injector
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Needleless Injector System
Full user harness is beneficial when moving through open
pens or when injecting multiple crated animals
System without harness is beneficial when working in a
stationary location or farrowing room handling piglets
CO2 Cylinder
Pressure Amplifier
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Needleless injector used for iron dextran injections in pre-weaning piglets
Note: All injections are only given in the neck muscle of
the piglet
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Blood collection on mature swine
Hog snare is placed around the snout and behind the
incisors to restrain the animal
Vacutainer® blood collection system (similar
to human collection system)
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Blood collection via ear swabbing
Collecting blood on a sterile, synthetic swab after puncturing the ear vein.
The blood collected on the swab can be stored in a falcon tube containing
sterile saline and then submitted to a
diagnostic lab. Samples collected
in this manner have substantial dx
limitations. Mainly used for daily
monitoring of boars during semen
collection
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Proper location for administering TB antigen when testing swine
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Back Fat Determination Using Real-time Ultrasound Technology
Probe is placed at the 10th or last rib
of the animal. The visual image of
the underlying fat and muscle is
saved and measured to
determine carcass traits of the animal
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Biosecurity Tools and Equipment
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Swine carcass incinerator: Diesel-fuel powered machine that
is used to reduce animal carcasses to ash. Use of
incinerators reduce site traffic and are thus more ideal for biosecurity
reasons.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Portable Swine Transfer Chute: Used to transfer swine directly between two semi trailers.
Bedding, usually sawdust, is used for increased traction
during transfer
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Support boards to
allow human access to
transferring swine without
entering either vehicle.
Portable Swine Transfer Chute: Used to transfer swine directly between two semi trailers.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Trailer dryer: Drying is used to reduce the pathogen load present on the trailer after washing and disinfection.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Trailer wash bays
This trailer completed wash cycle, parked on clean side, and
on incline to drain water
Dirty trailers wait and enter wash bay from this
side only
Truck Wash Facility
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Rendering Vehicle: This vehicle has recently emptied a disposal bin without transferring the contents completely and effectively into the holding
compartment on the truck. This creates a biosecurity concern, a safety risk for the driver and a public relations problem.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Farm cats and pigs don’t mix. Cats are not effective rodent control and can
spread disease to the pigs on the site
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Bones from a deceased pig. The dead animal was not located in the pen of pigs and was consumed. This is illegal in most states, a biosecurity risk, and
poor welfare.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Individual Animal Identification Tools
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Temporary swine identifiers/markers; examples of products that are
commonly used to identify pigs during treatment, handling, etc. Such marking devices can be found in several forms.
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Ear notch identification system: a commonly used practice in purebred, replacement stock or small producer herds, that involves cutting notches in
piglet ears at an early age
Right designates litter number
Left designates pig number
3+3+1+81=88
1+1+3=5
©2008. Karriker, L. * Iowa State University * Swine Medicine Section * Digital Archive
Animals marked to indicate treatments or vaccinations have been administered