2007-2008

DomainEubacteria

DomainArchaea

DomainEukarya

Common ancestor

Kingdom: Plants

Domain Eukarya

Evolution of Land Plants• 500 mya land plants evolved– special adaptations for life on dry land• _________________________________– ____________________________

• _________________________________– ____________________________

• _________________________________– ____________________________– ____________________________

• _________________________________– ____________________________

Plant Evolution

conifers

colonization of land

Ancestral Protist

Gymnospermpollen &

“naked” seeds

Pteridophytesseedless vascular

plants

Bryophytesnon-vascularland plants

Angiospermflowers & fruit

conifers

conifers

Animal life cycle

haploidunicellulargametes

1n

diploidmulticellular

individual2n

Plant life cycle

haploidunicellulargametes

1n

diploidmulticellular

individual2n

gametes1n

spores1n

diploidhaploid

Bryophytes: 1st land plants• __________________________________

• ___________________________• no water transport system• no true roots

– dominant stage?• ___________________________

• ___________________________• fuzzy moss plant you are familiar

with is haploid– reproduction?

• ___________________________– flagellated

• spores– sprout to form gametophyte

Where mustmosses live?

Pteridophytes: 1st vascular plants• ________________________

• __________________________• water transport system• xylem, phloem, roots, leaves

– dominant stage?• __________________________

• __________________________– reproduction?• __________________________

– flagellated• Spores - sprout to form

gametophyte

diploid

haploidWhere mustferns live?

Alternation of generations• Fern gametophyte (1n)– __________________: male & female gamete

production on same plant

________

________

diploid

Alternation of generations

haploid

produces male & female gametes

First seed plants: Gymnosperm• Gymnosperm: conifers

• ___________________________– xylem, phloem, roots, leaves

– dominant stage?

• ___________________________• ___________________________– reduction of gametophyte protects delicate egg & embryo in

protective sporophyte– protected from drought & UV radiation

• ___________________: male vs. female gametophytes– reproduction?• ___________________________– naked seeds (no fruit)

• ___________________________– contain male gametophyte

Where canconifers live?

Cones & naked seeds

male

female

male (pollen) cones

female cones

sporangium & pollen

pine embryo

First flowering plants Angiosperm: flowering plants

___________________________ dominant stage?

___________________________ ___________________________

protects egg & embryo ______________________: male vs. female gametophytes

reproduction? ______________________________

◆ ___________________________ ______________________________

◆ ___________________________ ______________________________

contain male gametophyte

____________

new sporophytein seed (diploid)

__________

______________

______________

female gametophyte =ovary sac (haploid)

male gametophyte = pollen grain (haploid)

sperm nuclei travel down pollen tube

______________

____________

____________

doublefertilization

Angiosperm life cycle

Anther

FilamentStamen

StigmaStyleOvary

Carpel

Sepal

Petal

Ovule

sepalspetals

Flower • Modified shoot with 4 rings

of modified leaves– ____________– ____________– ____________• male

– ____________• female stamens

carpel

adaptations through mutations

Seed & Plant embryo• Seed offers…– ________________

__________________________

– __________________________________________

seed coat

endosperm(3n)

cotyledons

embryo (2n)

cotyledons = “seed” leaves,first leaves of new plantcotyledons = “seed” leaves,first leaves of new plant

Monocots & dicots• Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes– _______________________• _________________________• leaves with network of veins• woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans

– _______________________• _________________________• leaves with parallel veins• grasses, palms, lilies

Features of Mono and Dicotyledons