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2. The Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century England primarily involved new
techniques in:
A. shoe manufacturing B. ship constructionC. furniture
manufacturing D. textile productionE. steel production
“The pasturing stock is allowed in peace to eat up the food on the pastures to its utmost limits, thus the stock returns more ample profit to the farmer. In managing arable land, the farmer derives other solid advantages, such as security against trespass and adoption of correct crop rotation.”
3. The eighteenth-century British quotation above is a justification for which of the following?
A. strip farmingB. enclosure of common landsC. sharecroppingD. collectivizationE. terracing
4. Prior to the expansion of the factory system during the Industrial Revolution, which of the following contributed to the
increase in production of manufactured goods?
A. importation of silk and cotton cloth from the Far East
B. expansion of the guild system in urban centers
C. expansion of cottage industries in the countryside
D. cultivation of formerly fallow lands.
E. the completion of the railway system
Which of these choices has to do with making goods?
6. Important prerequisites for Great Britain's industrialization in the mid-eighteenth
centuryincluded which of the following?
A. dramatic improvements in workers' housing in the cities
B. a rapid increase in the amount of gold imported from New World colonies
C. innovations in agricultural techniques and increases in food production
D. rapid growth of a national system of rail transportation
E. strong monarchical leadership and a centralized government bureaucracy
9. Which of the following statements regarding the Old Regime of the eighteenth century is NOT
true?
A. their economy was primarily agrarian
B. serfdom in western European states had largely disappeared
C. the influence of the second estate remained substantial
D. papacy was able to dominate politics in all the major European states
9. Which of the following statements regarding the Old Regime of the eighteenth century is NOT
true?
A. their economy was primarily agrarian
B. serfdom in western European states had largely disappeared
C. the influence of the second estate remained substantial
D. papacy was able to dominate politics in all the major European states
12. Under the domestic system in England:
A. spinning and weaving of yarn and cloth was done in the workers' homes
B. factory workers were prohibited from joining unions
C. farmers expanded the use of crop rotation and fertilization
D. shipbuilding was made a state monopoly
14. What problems did business people face in the early 18th century?
A. Reduction in the number of merchant and craft guilds
B. Lack of standard coins, weights and measures
C. Lack of local tollsD. Reduction in
banking and insurance services
14. What problems did business people face in the early 18th century?
A. Reduction in the number of merchant and craft guilds
B. Lack of standard coins, weights and measures
C. Lack of local tollsD. Reduction in
banking and insurance services
15. Which of the following was a production change that led to the need for the factory
system?A. water powered
machinery
B. wind mills
C. expensive raw materials
D. banking systems
15. Which of the following was a production change that led to the need for the factory
system?A. water powered
machinery
B. wind mills
C. expensive raw materials
D. banking systems
17. The Enclosure Movement, fencing in of pasture and common lands, was most evident in which
of the following states?
A. France
B. Spain
C. Belgium
D. England
17. The Enclosure Movement, fencing in of pasture and common lands, was most evident in which
of the following states?
A. France
B. Spain
C. Belgium
D. England
19. Before 1700, the total European population
A. followed an irregular cycle of slow growth.
B. always grew too fast.
C. grew steadily and moderately.
D. followed a cyclical pattern of steady decline.
21. The expansion of Europe in the eighteenth century featured all of the
following EXCEPT A. growing population.
B. increased world trade.
C. expansion of agriculture.
D. relatively peaceful international relations.
21. The expansion of Europe in the eighteenth century featured all of the
following EXCEPT A. growing population.
B. increased world trade.
C. expansion of agriculture.
D. relatively peaceful international relations.
23. The English Navigation Acts not only mandated that all English imports and exports had to be
transported on English ship, they also
A. restricted English banks from making foreign loans.
B. initiated English involvement in the transatlantic slave trade.
C. created an alliance with the Dutch against the French.
D. restricted manufacturing in the colonies.
23. The English Navigation Acts not only mandated that all English imports and exports had to be
transported on English ship, they also
A. restricted English banks from making foreign loans.
B. initiated English involvement in the transatlantic slave trade.
C. created an alliance with the Dutch against the French.
D. restricted manufacturing in the colonies.
25. The most persistent problem with the open-field system of agriculture was
A. the scarcity of labor.
B. bad weather.
C. soil depletion.
D. inequitable land distribution among the peasants.
27. According to Adam Smith, the duties of government included all of the following
EXCEPTA. pursuit of policies
favorable to large-scale manufacturing and commerce.
B. defense against foreign invasion.
C. maintenance of civil order.
D. sponsorship of certain indispensable public works.
27. According to Adam Smith, the duties of government included all of the following
EXCEPTA. pursuit of policies
favorable to large-scale manufacturing and commerce.
B. defense against foreign invasion.
C. maintenance of civil order.
D. sponsorship of certain indispensable public works.
29. Dutch leadership in farming can be attributed primarily to
A. the exceptional fertility of their lands.
B. a large urbanized population.
C. the leadership of the Dutch scientific community.
D. their strong nobility.
29. Dutch leadership in farming can be attributed primarily to
A. the exceptional fertility of their lands.
B. a large urbanized population.
C. the leadership of the Dutch scientific community.
D. their strong nobility.
32. Jethro Tull's contributions to English agriculture were the product of
A. good luck.
B. empirical research.
C. deductive reasoning.
D. speculative reasoning.
33. The social group upon which the success of the English agricultural revolution depended
was the
A. land-owning aristocracy.
B. landless peasants.
C. independent peasant farmers.
D. tenant farmers.
33. The social group upon which the success of the English agricultural revolution depended
was the
A. land-owning aristocracy.
B. landless peasants.
C. independent peasant farmers.
D. tenant farmers.
35. The eighteenth-century enclosure movement in England was responsible for the rise of market-
oriented estate agriculture and the
A. destruction of cottage industry.
B. declining power of the English aristocracy.
C. emergence of a landless rural proletariat.
D. collapse of tenant farming.
37. The tremendous population growth of the second half of the eighteenth century resulted from all of the
following EXCEPT
A. earlier marriages.B. advances in medical
science.C. improvements in
transport and storage of grain.
D. the disappearance of the bubonic plague.
37. The tremendous population growth of the second half of the eighteenth century resulted from all of the
following EXCEPT
A. earlier marriages.B. advances in medical
science.C. improvements in
transport and storage of grain.
D. the disappearance of the bubonic plague.
38. All of the following were shortcomings of the putting-out system EXCEPT
A. bottlenecks in the production process.
B. rigid production techniques.
C. quality control.
D. labor relations.
Bottleneck: something that hinders
40. Improvements associated with the Agricultural Revolution of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries began in:
A. France and Spain
B. The Low countries and Britain
C. Prussia and Saxony
D. Poland
E. Russia
41. Typically the putting-out industry employed
A. only women.
B. rural families.
C. urban workers.
D. men and older boys.
42. Virginia plantation owners and New England merchants were
A. protected and restricted by the mercantile system.
B. not an integral part of the mercantile system.
C. both damaged by the mercantile system.
D. the greatest beneficiaries of the mercantile system.
42. Virginia plantation owners and New England merchants were
A. protected and restricted by the mercantile system.
B. not an integral part of the mercantile system.
C. both damaged by the mercantile system.
D. the greatest beneficiaries of the mercantile system.
44. The Navigation Acts were a form of economic warfare that initially targeted the
A. Dutch.
B. French.
C. Spanish.
D. colonists.
46. The theaters of operations for the century-long competition between England
and France included all of the following EXCEPT
A. North America.
B. India.
C. Europe.
D. South America.
47. The asiento was
A. a tax on imports into the Spanish colonies.
B. the upper class in Brazil.
C. the West African slave trade.
D. the system of debt peonage in South and Central America.
48. The decisive round in the colonial conflict between England and France was the
A. Seven Years' War.
B. Thirty Years' War.
C. War of the Austrian Succession.
D. War of the Spanish Succession.
49. The British won the American component of the Seven Years' War because
A. the French military leadership was ineffective.
B. their Prussian ally won the European component.
C. the French did not have an adequate navy.
D. they diverted men and money from Europe to the American theater.
49. The British won the American component of the Seven Years' War because
A. the French military leadership was ineffective.
B. their Prussian ally won the European component.
C. the French did not have an adequate navy.
D. they diverted men and money from Europe to the American theater.
50. The factor that most limited the growth of industry in the British colonies was
A. a lack of raw materials.
B. a lack of investment capital.
C. a labor shortage.
D. the Navigation Acts.
50. The factor that most limited the growth of industry in the British colonies was
A. a lack of raw materials.
B. a lack of investment capital.
C. a labor shortage.
D. the Navigation Acts.
51. Most British colonists were motivated to settle in the colonies by
A. political freedom.
B. religious freedom.
C. a sense of adventure.
D. the availability of cheap land.
54. According to Adam Smith, harmony and progress would result from
A. laws to regulate economic behavior.
B. the decline of warfare and improved health care.
C. the government's maintenance of civil order and public works.
D. the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market.
55. Spanish-American society included all of the following groups EXCEPT
A. Creoles.
B. mestizos.
C. Indians.
D. conquistadors.
56. Which of the following was a major characteristic of the English monarchy in the eighteenth century?
A. A return to its “divine right” position of the seventeenth century
B. A steadily widening discrepancy between its theoretical and its real power
C. Its growth in power because of its many victories over the French
D. Its refusal to support the emerging cabinet system
E. Its growing wealth due to effective taxation policies.
58. The first European state to mandate compulsory elementary education was
A. Prussia.
B. the Netherlands.
C. England.
D. France.
58. The first European state to mandate compulsory elementary education was
A. Prussia.
B. the Netherlands.
C. England.
D. France.
59. The reading material of the popular classes included all of the following EXCEPT
A. practical material, such as almanacs.
B. entertaining, humorous, escapist stories.
C. chapbooks with religious contents.
D. works on Christian theology.
59. The reading material of the popular classes included all of the following EXCEPT
A. practical material, such as almanacs.
B. entertaining, humorous, escapist stories.
C. chapbooks with religious contents.
D. works on Christian theology.
62. Most girls who sought work outside their families found jobs as
A. workers in textile factories.
B. teachers.
C. domestic servants.
D. shop clerks.
63. The pattern of late marriage in early modern Europe resulted primarily from the
A. prevalence of the A. prevalence of the extended family extended family structure.structure.
B. necessary B. necessary precondition of precondition of economic economic independence.independence.
C. fear of C. fear of overpopulation.overpopulation.
D. availability of D. availability of premarital affairs.premarital affairs.
65. Violations of social norms of traditional lower-class communities were punished by
A. banishment.
B. public humiliation.
C. public corporal punishment.
D. fines and imprisonment.
66. In the second half of the eighteenth century, couples married younger, primarily in
response to
A. the Enlightenment.B. state policies
encouraging larger families.
C. the depopulation caused by the wars of the eighteenth century.
D. the emergence of the cottage industry.
67. Popular leisure and entertainment included all of the following EXCEPT
A. blood sports.
B. Carnival.
C. social gatherings in groups, for drinking and story-telling.
D. dinner parties.
69. In his work on education and children, Jean-Jacques Rousseau urged all of the
following EXCEPT
A. equality of education for boys and girls.
B. maternal breast-feeding.
C. experiential education for children.
D. greater tenderness for children.
69. In his work on education and children, Jean-Jacques Rousseau urged all of the
following EXCEPT
A. equality of education for boys and girls.
B. maternal breast-feeding.
C. experiential education for children.
D. greater tenderness for children.
70. The neglectful attitudes toward children in pre-industrial Europe were conditioned by
A. high infant mortality rates.
B. church doctrine.
C. Enlightenment philosophy.
D. their economic value.
73. St. Vincent de Paul is most famous for his
A. efforts to outlaw the Society of Jesus.
B. perfection of the smallpox vaccination.
C. establishment of foundling homes.
D. establishment of churches in new, working-class neighborhoods in cities.
73. St. Vincent de Paul is most famous for his
A. efforts to outlaw the Society of Jesus.
B. perfection of the smallpox vaccination.
C. establishment of foundling homes.
D. establishment of churches in new, working-class neighborhoods in cities.
74. The English author Daniel Defoe is used to illustrate
A. harsh, often brutal discipline inflicted on children.
B. financial opportunities available in the eighteenth century.
C. standards of health care available to the rich in eighteenth-century London.
D. emotional power of the Protestant revival.
74. The English author Daniel Defoe is used to illustrate
A. harsh, often brutal discipline inflicted on children.
B. financial opportunities available in the eighteenth century.
C. standards of health care available to the rich in eighteenth-century London.
D. emotional power of the Protestant revival.
78. The diet of the poorer classes consisted of bread and
A. meat and eggs.
B. dairy products.
C. vegetables.
D. wild game.
79. A severe deficiency in vitamin C results in the disease known as
A. anemia.
B. gout.
C. dysentery.
D. scurvy.
79. A severe deficiency in vitamin C results in the disease known as
A. anemia.
B. gout.
C. dysentery.
D. scurvy.
80. The American crop that became an important dietary supplement in Europe by the
end of the century was
A. winter wheat.
B. the tomato.
C. rice.
D. the potato.
81. Medical practitioners who were most likely to rely on drugs were called
A. faith healers.
B. apothecaries.
C. surgeons.
D. physicians.
82. In the eighteenth century, faith healers
A. had disappeared.
B. usually prescribed herbal remedies.
C. believed disease was caused by imbalance in the humors.
D. used exorcism to treat illness.
82. In the eighteenth century, faith healers
A. had disappeared.
B. usually prescribed herbal remedies.
C. believed disease was caused by imbalance in the humors.
D. used exorcism to treat illness.
83. Changes in the food consumption habits of Europeans in the eighteenth century included all of the
following EXCEPT
A. declining consumption of alcoholic beverages.
B. the replacement of coarse whole-wheat bread with white bread.
C. greater variety and availability of vegetables.
D. increased consumption of sugar.
83. Changes in the food consumption habits of Europeans in the eighteenth century included all of the
following EXCEPT
A. declining consumption of alcoholic beverages.
B. the replacement of coarse whole-wheat bread with white bread.
C. greater variety and availability of vegetables.
D. increased consumption of sugar.
84. Many surgeons gained anatomical knowledge and practical experience
A. by apprenticing themselves to physicians.
B. as a result of the legalization of dissection.
C. on the many battlefields of Europe.
D. from the rediscovery of Greek and Roman medical writings.
85. For a sick person in the eighteenth century, the best advice would have been to
A. check into a hospital.
B. visit an apothecary.
C. visit a physician.
D. hope the condition improves on its own.
86. The term lunatic refers to
A. someone who drank too much.
B. traditional village punishments for those who violated local customs.
C. popular belief that mental illness was caused by moonlight.
D. German Protestants who joined the Pietist movement.
86. The term lunatic refers to
A. someone who drank too much.
B. traditional village punishments for those who violated local customs.
C. popular belief that mental illness was caused by moonlight.
D. German Protestants who joined the Pietist movement.
87. The greatest achievement of eighteenth-century medical science was the
A. control of venereal disease.
B. elimination of the bubonic plague.
C. rise of the animistic school of medicine.
D. conquest of smallpox.
90. The term territorial churches refers to
A. Catholic churches still controlled by the pope.
B. large parish churches of any denomination.
C. churches outside the control of the state.
D. churches controlled by the state.
90. The term territorial churches refers to
A. Catholic churches still controlled by the pope.
B. large parish churches of any denomination.
C. churches outside the control of the state.
D. churches controlled by the state.
91. The dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 is a striking indication of the
A. decline of religious feeling in the eighteenth century.
B. resurgent power of the papacy.
C. power of the state over the church.
D. vitality of the Protestant revival.
91. The dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 is a striking indication of the
A. decline of religious feeling in the eighteenth century.
B. resurgent power of the papacy.
C. power of the state over the church.
D. vitality of the Protestant revival.
94. All of the following were aspects of the celebration of Carnival EXCEPT
A. drinking and dancing.
B. mocking the established order.
C. begging forgiveness for one's sins.
D. masquerading.
95. All of the following were aspects of the Protestant revival in Germany EXCEPT
A. religious enthusiasm.
B. stress on the priesthood of all believers.
C. the practical power of Christian rebirth in everyday affairs.
D. rationalism.
96. John Wesley's religious revival
A. emphasized Calvin's belief in predestination.
B. preached free will and universal salvation.
C. took place within the organized Anglican church.
D. incorporated aspects of Enlightenment deism.
96. John Wesley's religious revival
A. emphasized Calvin's belief in predestination.
B. preached free will and universal salvation.
C. took place within the organized Anglican church.
D. incorporated aspects of Enlightenment deism.