Post on 20-Dec-2015
Listening:
“the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages.” p. 175
PerceptionPerception
The process of selectively attending to sensory information and assigning
meaning to it. (pg. 30)
Our perception becomes our reality.
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Three psychological factors that Three psychological factors that influence influence selection/attendingselection/attending::
1. Our needs
2. Our interests
3. Our expectations
A sensory test of expectations:
Paris
in the
the springtime
Once
in a
a lifetime
Bird
in the
the hand
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OrganizationOrganization
Simplicity--the brain simplifies complex stimuli into a commonly recognized form (what we expect to perceive)
Pattern -- the brain organizes information according to patterns, sets of characteristics that differentiate some things from others. (differentiating by forming patterns)
521-4456080-44-78895360-7856-8834-3278
i.e. telephone #’s, SS #’s, credit card #’s 3-4 3-2-4 4-4-4-4
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InterpretationInterpretation
The process of assigning meaning to the information that has been
selected and organized
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Social PerceptionSocial Perceptionaka Social Cognitionaka Social Cognition
A set of processes by which people perceive themselves and others.
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Self-concept -Self-concept - the idea or mental image that we have about our skills, abilities, knowledge, competencies, and personality
Self-esteem -Self-esteem - our overall evaluation of our competence and personal worthiness
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Positive Self-EsteemPositive Self-Esteem
Perception of having a characteristic
+ Personal belief that the characteristic is of positive value
= Positive self-esteem
-Mruk
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2 - Self-fulfilling Prophecies2 - Self-fulfilling Prophecies
Events that happen as the result of being foretold, expected, or talked
about and that serve to reinforce an individual’s self-concept
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3 - Role3 - Role – A pattern of learned behaviors that people use to meet the perceived demands of a particular context
4 - Working self-concept4 - Working self-concept – The specific aspects of your identity that are activated by the role you are enacting at a particular time
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5 - Stereotypes5 - Stereotypes
Simplified and standardized conceptions about the characteristics or expected behavior of members of an identifiable group
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Prejudice Prejudice – –
Discrimination – Discrimination –
Racism, Sexism, Ageism, & Racism, Sexism, Ageism, & Able-ism – Able-ism –
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Prejudice Prejudice –– a preconceived judgment, belief or opinion that a person holds without sufficient grounds ( + or - )
Discrimination –Discrimination – treating members of one group differently from members of another in a way that is unfair or harmful
Racism, Sexism, Ageism, Racism, Sexism, Ageism, Able-ism –Able-ism – belief that the behaviors or characteristics of one group are inherently superior to those of another
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Factors that Influence Our Social Factors that Influence Our Social PerceptionsPerceptions
Physical characteristics, social behaviors,
emotional states
Cultural backgrounds
Stereotyping
Who we are and what our experiences have
been
Improving Social PerceptionsImproving Social Perceptions
Come in Thursday prepared with a list of how we can “Improve Social Perceptions.”
HINT: Read the textbook.
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ImprovingImproving Social Perceptions Social Perceptions
Seek more information Actively question the accuracy of perceptions
(avoid mind reading) Realize that perceptions change Check perceptions verbally Realize that perception check is descriptive rather
than judgmental