Post on 12-Feb-2016
description
1D & 2D Spaces for Representing Data
Mao Lin Huang
1-D Representation of Data
1-D Textual Data
Keyhole Problem• No context• Lost, disoriented
• Where am I?• Where can I go?• Where do I want to go?• How do I get there?
Visual Overview• Map, organization (spatial layout of concepts)
• What information is (not) available?• Adds context info, relationships• Enables direct access• Encourages exploration• HCI metrics:
• Improves user performance, learning time, error rates, retention, satisfaction
Navigation Approaches• Detail Only
• Zooming
• Overview+Detail
• Focus+Context (Distortion, fisheye)
1D Visual Representation• Plaisant, “Lifelines”, pp 285
See personal history
• Mackinlay, “Perspective Wall”, web
1D Visual Representation• Eick, “SeeSoft”, p 419
» Analyze 50,000 lines of code simultaneously by mapping each line of code into a thin row.
• Eick, “Data Visualization Sliders”, p 251 (2 pages)
Navigation Strategies• Detail Only
• Zooming
• Overview+Detail
• Focus+Context (Distortion, fisheye)
Fisheye Menus• http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/fisheyemenu/
• Very Fast• due to mouse mechanics, no clicking, mostly vertical sliding
• Alphabet overview helpful• Fisheye context not useful in this case?
• Might be more useful in SeeSoft where miniature representation gives important information
• Limits # of readable items to ~10• Wasted space at top- and bottom- right• Distortion problematic?• Alphabet overview distorted at A and Z• Scale limited?
• Possible improvement:• Same alphabet overview (without end distortion)• Remove fisheye, maximize readable items like scrolling
version• Same fast mouse mechanics, scroll fast on left, no scroll on
right
Music Animation Machine
• Good for visualizing music during serial playback, relate audio to visual structure
• Visualizing entire compositions: increase information density
• See patterns of phrases, instruments, etc.
2-D Representation of Data
2-D• Image browsing• Maps
Today• Bederson, “Pad++”, p 530
» a zooming graphic interface to replace icon-based window interface
• Furnas, “Space-Scale Diagrams”, web
Space-Scale
Pad++ on edge• Like ray-tracing Info surface
window
zoom
Semantic Zooming• Zooming in, red object turns to blue
Multiple Views• Zoom factor ~ 20
Multiple levels = large scale• Zoom factor = 20 * 20 * 20 = 8000
Multiple Foci
Multiple Overviews• Can have different information types at each level
2-D + Attributes• Dynamaps: dynamic queries on maps
2-D: Focus+Context Representation of Data
2-D• Robertson, “Document Lens”, p 562
»
• Spence, “Bifocal Lens”, p 331,333
Focus+Context• Details within overview
• “Distortion-oriented display”• “Fisheye”
• Leung, Apperley, “Taxonomy of distortion-oriented presentations”, book pg 350
Visual Transfer Functions
Information surface
Display surface
Identity function = normal flat overview
Bifocal
Magnification Functions
1st Derivative
Bifocal Display• Spence, Apperley
Bifocal DisplayDisadvantage: 1 dimensional stretching on the 4 sides
Perspective Wall / Document Lens
NonLinear Magnification• http://www.cs.indiana.edu/hyplan/tkeahey/research/nlm/nlm.html • http://www.cs.indiana.edu/hyplan/tkeahey/research/papers/infovis.98.html
“Bubble”Disadvantage: local context highly de-magnified
“Fisheye”, “wide-angle lens”Disadvantage: no flat area
Quiz: TableLens
• Bifocal!
Fisheye Menus• Non-linear:
combination of Bubble + fisheye
Why not magnifying glass?• Hides local context
F+C vs. O+D
• + Space efficient• + Detail connected to context
• Smooth transition• + matches human vision/processing?
• - Distortion• - Longer learning time• - no flat overview - Need a way to
turn off focus• - Content moves differently than
mouse• - hard to tell zoom factor
• + Scales up to larger data (zoom factor and chaining)
• + Multi foci easier
• + multiple overviews possible
• + Easy to implement, Less math!
•Fast system performance
• - >=2 places to look (cross-eyed!)
•Tracking field-of-view box hard
•Hand-eye coordination problem
• - detail and overview disconnected
• - Windows/space management
• - replicates detail data in overview