Metal Matrix Composites

Edited by

J.N. FridlyanderRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

? CHAPMAN & HALLLondon . Glasgow. Weinheim New York Tokyo. Melbourne. Madras

Soviet Advanced Composites Technology Series

Series editors: J. N. Fridlyander, Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow, RussiaI. H. Marshall, University of Paisley, Paisley, UK

This series forms a unique record of research, development andapplication of composite materials and components in the formerSoviet Union. The material presented in -each volume, much of itpreviously unpublished and classified until recently, gives the readera detailed insight into the theory and methodology employed and theresults achieved by the Soviet Union’s top scientists and engineers inrelation to this versatile class of materials.

Titles in the series

1. Composite Manufacturing TechnologyEditors: A. G. Bratukhin and V. S. Bogolyubov

2. Ceramic- and Carbon-matrix CompositesEditor: V. I. Trefilov

3. Metal Matrix CompositesEditor: J. N. Fridlyander

4. Polymer Matrix CompositesEditor: R. E. Shalin

5. Fibre Science and TechnologyEditor: V. I. Kostikov

6. Composite Materials in Aerospace DesignEditors: G. I. Zagainov and G. E. Lozino-Lozinski

Published by Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 SHN, UK

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First edition 1995

0 1995 Chapman&Hall

Typeset in Palatino 10/12pt by The Universities Press (Belfast) Ltd.Printed in Great Britain by me University Press, Cambridge

I S B N 0 412 58260 0

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-.

Contents

Contributors ix

Preface xi

1 Physio-chemical fundamentals of metal matrix compositesA.A. Zabolotsky

1

1.1 Formation of metal matrix composite structure andproperties during the production process 3

1.2 Principles of metal matrix composite development andoptimization 34

1.3 Conclusions 46References 47

2 Basic components used in the production of metal compositesS.E. Salibekov2.1 Fibrous reinforcing agents2.2 Dispersed strengtheners2.3 Matrix alloys

References

51

5 1555960

3 Metal matrix composite fabrication methodsV.M. Tchubarov, A.A. Zabolotsky and G.A. Krivov3.1 Solid-phase fabrication methods W.M. Tchubarov)3.2 Liquid-phase fabrication methods (A.A. Zabolotsky)3.3 Moulding of structural components from metal

composite materials (G.A. Krivov)NotationReferences

61

6 175

129190193

4 Composites of the aiuminium-boron system 196S.E. Salibekov4.1 General 1964.2 Boron-aluminium production procedure 196

vi Con tents

4.3 Strength under static load4.4 Strength at elevated temperature4.5 Impact strength4.6 Strength under cyclic load4.7 Employment of boron-aluminium

References

5 Composites of the magnesium-boron systemV.F. Strogunovu5.1 Obtaining magnesium-boron composite materials by

solid-phase combination5.2 Obtaining magnesium-boron composite materials by

liquid-phase combination5.3 Corrosion resistance of magnesium-boron composite

materialsNotationReferences

6 Composite materials of the aluminium-carbon systemV.I. Kostikov, V.C. Kilin and A.A. Zabolotsky6.1 Composite materials based on an aluminium matrix

reinforced with carbon fibers (V.I. Kostikov and V.C. Kilin)6.2 Aluminium-carbon system composites (A.A. Zabolotsky)

NotationReferences

7 Composites of the aluminium-steel systemj.N. Fridlyander and AS. Bubenshchikov7.1 Selection of fibres7.2 Selection of matrix7.3 Manufacturing techniques7.4 Kinetics of formation and growth of intermetallic

compounds on phase boundaries7.5 Properties7.6 Manufacturing of CAS-type material7.7 Properties of structural elements7.8 Thermal effects on interaction7.9 Summary

Notation

2002 0 12022042082 1 1

212

213

228

239243243

245

245342387389

3%

396398399

4 0 1426427432434437438

References 438

Contents

8 Composite materials of ahuninium-silicon carbide systemAN. Gribkov8.1 General8.2 Analysis of composition and morphology of reinforcing

fillers and admixture phases8.3 Chemical properties of reinforcing fillers8.4 Purification of reinforcing fillers of admixture phases8.5 Obtaining composite materials by infiltration under

pressure8.6 Obtaining materials by methods of powder metallurgy8.7 Prospective uses of Al-Sic composite materials

References

9 Laminated fibrous metal-polymer compositesG.P. Mashinskaya, G.F. Zhelezina and O.G. Senatorova9.1 Introduction9.2 Components of laminated fibrous metal-polymer

composites9.3 Properties and specific features of laminated-fibrous

metal-polymer composites under static loading9.4 Specific features of fatigue fracture of laminated fibrous

metal-polymer composites9.5 Damping properties of laminated fibrous metal-polymer

composites9.6 Production of parts and structures from laminated fibrous

metal-polymer composites9.7 Resistance of aluminium-organic plastic composites to

environmental and corrosive effects9.8 Conclusions

NotationReferences

10 Mechanical testing of composite materialsS.1. Kishkina1 0 . 1 Tension testing10.2 Compression testing10.3 Shear testing10.4 Crack-resistance testing10.5 Fatigue testing

Notation

vii

440

440

4 4 1445448

455472481485

487

487

493

515

534

5 4 1

546

560565567568

571

575584587588594599

. . .Vlll Con tents

11 Theoretical and experimental research into the strength anddeformation of fibrous metal composite materialsS.P. Polovnikov and A.P. Marushin11.1 Materials investigated11.2 Stretching in the reinforcement direction11.3 Compression in the reinforcement direction11.4 Compression perpendicular to the reinforcement11.5 Three-point bending11.6 Cyclic tension in the reinforcement direction11.7 Deformation and destruction of orthogonally reinforced

metal composite materials under tensile stressNotationReferences

12 Structural micromechanics of elasto-plastic deformation ofcompositesV.V. Rybin and A.A. Zisman12.1 Induced defects on interfaces12.2 Stress fields of reinforcing fibres12.3 Disinclination formation on edges of faceted reinforcing

particles or fibres12.4 Residual stresses elastically heterogeneous plastically

deformed materials12.5 Resistance to deformation12.6 Specific energy of internal stresses as damaging factor12.7 Structural levels

References

601

6026036 1 1617619624

633642642

6 4 5

647648

650

6 5 1652654655657

Index 659

Contributors

A.S. BubenshchikovJ.N. FridlyanderA.N. GribkovV.C. KilinS.I. KishkinaV.I. KostikovG.A. KrivovA.P. MarushinG.P. MashinskayaS.P. PolovnikovV.V. RybinS.E. SalibekovO.G. SenatorovaV.F. StroganovaV.M. TchubarovA.A. ZabolotskyG.F. ZhelezinaA.A. Zisman

Preface

‘The problem of developing metal matrix (MCM) and metal-polymer(MKM) composite materials is one of the most important in present-day materials technology, for its solution is pivotal to the developmentof a number of leading technologies. The development of new fibrousand lamellar composite materials with improved physico-chemical,electrical, thermal and other properties is a springboard for qualitativescientific and technological advances not only in aerospace andshipbuilding technologies, but also in mechanical, power, electronic,electrical, radio engineering, transport, construction and otherindustries.

The volume reviews the results of research programmes ac-complished in recent years by Soviet scientists in the development ofcomposite materials based on aluminium and magnesium matrices,polymatrix composites (composite materials) with metal andpolymeric matrices reinforced with boron and carbon fibres, steelwire, fibre glass and other fillers.

The volume also reviews present-day physico-chemical fundamen-tals and basic principles for developing and optimizing metal matrixcomposites, and describes the most expedient and efficient methods ofMCM and MPCM manufacturing. Special attention is devoted to theissue of manufacturing MCM structural members, and their machin-ing and plastic working, as well as to coupling techniques.

Alongside information about such widely known and relativelywell-studied MCM as aluminium-boron, this volume describes Sovietresearch findings on such materials as aluminium-carbon andaluminium-steel.