Political Developments of Pakistan 1958-69

1958:

Oct 7,1958: Martial law, enforced by President Sikandar Mirza. Gen. Muhammad Ayub Khan became Chief Martial Law Administrator. Oct 27,1958: Sikandar was ousted by Ayub.

1959:

Oct27,1959: Ayub introduced BASIC DEMOCRACIES. A pyramidal plan allowing people to directly elect local councilmen they

knew. 80,000 Basic Democrats were elected.

1960:

Ayub used those democrats for refrandum held in Feb 14,1960. As a result of refrandum, Ayub became president for 5 year. He got the authority to frame future constitution of Pakistan. Sept 1960: Indus Water treaty was also signed between India and

Pakistan.

1962:

After 3.5 years of its life,1958-62 M.L came to an end. Ayub promulgated the Constitution of 1962 on Mar 1. It came into effect of on June 8. Trasitional period: 7 years, 1962-69. Terminated on Mar 25,1969.

1965:

2 Jan, 1965: Presidential Elections. 4 Candiates: Fatima Ali Jinnah, Ayub Khan, 2 more members with no

party affiliation. Ayub khan won the elections and again became the President. Border incidents became frequent from Jan 1965 to onwards. At Runn of Kutch, India was badly defeated by Pak army. But on Feb 19,1965 tribunal gave northern 350 sq. miles to Pak and rest

to Ind.

Indian PM Lal Bahadur Shastri wanted to amalgamate Kasmir into India so Kashmiris called for an all out war against Indian Imperialism.

India Made Lahore offensive on Sep6,1965 at 3a.m their targets were LHR,SIAL,RAJ. It was a fierce tank battle.

Soviet Union:Neutral. Us: suspended aid to both. China: supported Pak. UN declared ceasefire,which came into effect on Sept 23, 1965.

1966:

Tashkent Declaration was signed between Ind and Pak. Talks lasted from Jan 4-10. Soviet Union played broker at Tashkent, Kosygin earned praise as

peacemaker. Feb 12,1966: S. Mujib-ur-Rehman of Awami league presented 6-point

prog. In accordance with TD: talks were held on march 1 and 2, 1966.

1969:

Constitution of 1962 abrogated. Ayub handed over to Gen. Yahya Khan on March 25,1969. Martial law was enforced again. ZA Bhutto appeared as Chairman of PPp, the same year.

A glance on Ayub’s Regime!

He advocated a presidential form of Govt. He promulgated EBDO. He focused on land reforms in West Pak. He introduced “ Basic Democracies “ His beneficiaries were: Business class, Bureaucracy. One of the main causes of his downfall included TD.