Post on 20-Oct-2014
description
The Roaring 20’s
After today you should know:How women’s roles changed
What major population shifts occurredHow population shifts led to conflicts of values in America
How fundamentalism influenced America
S - New Roles for Women
Voting• 19th Amendment ratified in 1920
– gave women right to vote– Women soon elected to local and
state offices• Nellie Tayloe Ross – WY• Miriam Ferguson – TX
• Women generally voted the same as the men in their lives– Didn’t bring the change people
had suspected
S & E – New Roles for WomenJobs
• Many women resumed jobs during economic boom of the 1920’s– Mostly low paying
professions• Nursing• Teaching• Domestic servants• Secretaries
College
• Women also started attending college in record numbers– Especially those in middle and
upper class
The Flapper
S - The Flapper
• Changing opportunities for women brought about changing attitudes– Including: basic rules defining proper
behavior for women• The Flapper– Defied traditional ideas of proper
dress and behavior– Cut hair– Wore makeup– Smoked cigarettes– Drank alcohol – Went out dancing all night
– Became a new mode of popular dress
S – The Flapper
• Also became a popular image reflecting the changes affecting women– Suggested freedom and independence
• But some women didn’t approve, especially– Women in rural areas
• Only seen pictures in magazines• Conflicted with conservative values
– Older supporters of women’s rights• Thought flappers disgraced the work that had been done to
advance the cause of women
S – New Roles for Women
• But a woman’s major role was to care for children and the home
• Still depended on men for financial support
• Did seek greater equality in their relationships with men
G, S, R, I, E – Urbanization
• Farmers experiencing hard times flocked to cities for new jobs
• 1920 census showed for the first time that more Americans lived in urban areas than rural areas– http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/
files/table-4.pdf– In 2008 – 79.2% urban, 20.8% rural– 75% of Americans worked somewhere other than a farm
• Access to cars shrunk the distance between the country and the city– Rural people less isolated, changed outlook
S, I – Education
• The shift to the cities provided access to education
• States passed laws requiring young people to go to school– Got children out of factories– Opened up new jobs
• School attendance, college enrollment increased
S – Intolerance
• Urban and rural values clashed in the 20’s
• Rural dwellers disapproved of many parts of urban life
• Ku Klux Klan grew because of the differences in values– Drew lots of members from
rural America• Believed they could preserve
their place in society
– Targeted African-Americans, Catholics, Jews
– Membership peaked in 1920’s• In the millions
How do people feel in times of change?
S, R – Fundamentalism • Changes of the time
attracted many people to religion
• FUNDAMENTALISM became very popular– Form of Christianity based
on a literal interpretation of the Bible
– Condemned radicals and criticized the changing attitudes of women
• Prominent fundamentalist preachers– Billy Sunday
• Former baseball player
– Aimee Semple McPherson• Well known for healing the
sick through prayer
S, I, P – Fundamentalism vs. Evolution
• Fundamentalism conflicted with modern science– Especially Charles
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
• Fundamentalists believed evolution undermined religious faith
• Tried to prevent teaching evolution in schools
• Several states passed laws outlawing teaching evolution
• Law passed in Tennessee in 1925 made it illegal to teach evolution
S, I, P – Scopes Trial• Tennessee teacher John Scopes arrested for teaching
evolution• People all over the country followed his court case• Guilt was never in question• Two important lawyers faced off:
– Clarence Darrow defended John Scopes• Famous criminal lawyer • Argued that teaching evolution was a matter of free speech
– William Jennings Bryan – • 3 time candidate for president• Fundamentalist• Believer in rural values• Argued that the ideas competed with Christianity
S, I, P – Scopes Trial
• Scopes was convicted• 5 days later William Jennings Bryan died– Considered a hero
• Law remained in place until 1960
The Scopes Trial
S, P - Prohibition• Through history many groups tried to outlaw alcohol
– Thought it was a source of unhappiness, hurt families, promoted crime
• In 1900’s the Progressives tried to outlaw it• WWI led to support for the ban
– Wartime called for discipline– Need for grain
S, P – Prohibition • Bias against immigrants, city life supported argument– People said immigrants and urban dwellers were abusers
of alcohol• By 1917 over 50% of states passed some form of
restriction on alcohol use– Encouraged by Fundamentalists– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVuwREbGh3w&feature=related
S, P – Prohibition
• 1917 – Congress proposed constitutional amendment making it illegal to manufacture, transport or sell alcohol
• 1919 – Amendment ratified• 1920 – Volstead Act passed to enforce the
amendment– Prohibition became the law of the land
Prohibition
S, P – Prohibition
• Virtually impossible to enforce• Making, transporting, selling alcohol illegal,
but drinking it was NOT• Gave rise to huge smuggling operations– 2nd biggest industry in Detroit in 1920’s– Smugglers - BOOTLEGGERS– Illegal bars that served alcohol – SPEAKEASIES
S, P – Prohibition • 1925 – only 5% of liquor
entering country had been stopped
• Illegal liquor business – foundation for great criminal empires– Al Capone – Chicago
• Federal government couldn’t compete with criminals
• Prohibition continued through the 1920’s without success– Damaged government
prestige
Prohibition
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJp3lnu-V-M&feature=PlayList&p=DFD79F9A222C8A9E&playnext=1&index=21
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiYqFXmVAFg&feature=related
• http://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play?p=prohibition&ei=UTF-8&fr=b2ie7&fr2=tab-web&tnr=21&vid=000165489586