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15TH GCC eGOVERNMENT AND eSERVICES FORUM a secured eGovernment case study: Judicial and Law enforcement cooperation between EU Member States and EU agencies
May 23-27, 2009 - Al Bustan Rotana Hotel -
Dubai, UAE
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Abdelkrim Boujraf
May 23-27, 2009 - Al Bustan Rotana Hotel - Dubai, UAE 15th GCC eGovernment and eServices Forum
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¨ More than 10 years implementing/studying exchange of judicial and police information
¨ President of non-profit organisation ¨ Master in Business administration (Minor IT and
Human Resources) ¨ Graduate in Computer Sciences
Agenda
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¨ The EU political background ¤ Some facts (EU, International) ¤ The need to cooperate efficiently
¨ The case study ¤ The Interoperability issues ¤ The Service Oriented Architecture vision ¤ Imaginary screenshots
¨ The conclusions
The reality
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¨ Public administrations must ¤ Provide efficient services to their citizens and businesses ¤ reduce their operational costs ¤ communicate efficiently with foreign public administrations
and organisations
¨ How do they achieve their goals starting from their political programmes to end with the software code?
¨ The case study’s focus on the judicial and law enforcement real life
Political background
The European Union
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15th GCC eGovernment and eServices Forum
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The European Union
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¨ Member States: 27 ¨ Political centres: Brussels, Luxembourg, Strasbourg ¨ Official languages: 23 ¨ Formation
¤ Paris Treaty (18 April 1951) ¤ Rome Treaty (25 March 1957) ¤ Maastricht Treaty (7 February 1992) ¤ Lisbon Treaty (?)
¨ Population: 500 Million ¨ GDP: Total $19.195 trillion
What are the threats to the security of a “western lifestyle”
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The climate
The migration
The agriculture
The terrorism
Three pillars (main political areas)
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• Customs Union and Single market
• Common Agricultural Policy • Common Fisheries Policy • EU competition law • Economic and monetary union • EU-Citizenship • Education and Culture • Trans-European Networks • Consumer protection • Healthcare • Research (e.g. Sixth Framework
Programme) • Environmental law • Social policy • Asylum policy • Schengen treaty • Immigration policy
• Foreign policy: • Human rights • Democracy • Foreign aid
• Security policy: • European Security and
Defense Policy • EU battle groups • Helsinki Headline Goal Force
Catalogue • Peacekeeping
• Drug trafficking and weapons smuggling
• Terrorism • Trafficking in human beings • Organized crime • Bribery and fraud
Pillar III: The political programmes
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¨ Feb 1992: The establishment of Europol (The Hague, The Netherlands) was agreed in the Maastricht Treaty on European Union of 7 February 1992
¨ The “Tampere Program”, terminated in 1999 under the Finnish Presidency, was primarily a “management of migration flows”
¨ The Europol Convention was ratified by all Member States and came into force on 1 October 1998.
¨ Eurojust is established in 2002 by a Decision ¨ The “Hague Program” in 2004, it has been agreed upon for the creation of an
“area of freedom, security and justice”. Again it was decided on intensification of migration policy, including the construction of the Border Agency “Frontex” and the interception of refugees already in their home countries. “The Hague Program” puts the “defence of terrorism” in the centre. At the level of information exchange and cooperation we can now count on the “principle of availability”
¨ Autumn 2009, To adopt the new “Stockholm program”, containing a wish-list for "police cooperation, the fight against terrorism, management of missions in third countries, migration, asylum and border management, civil protection, new technologies and information networks ".
1992
07 Feb 1992: The establishment of Europol (The Hague, The Netherlands) was agreed in the Maastricht Treaty on European Union
1995
26 July 1995: Council Act drawing up the Convention on the establishment of a European Police Office (Europol Convention).
2000 1999
15/16 Oct 1999: Set up a unit called Eurojust, with the objective of coordinating the activities carried out by the national authorities responsible for prosecution
1998
1 July 1999: Europol commenced its full activities. Europol’ objective is to improve the effectiveness of, and cooperation between, the competent authorities in the Member States in preventing and combating international organised crime
29 June 1998: Objective of the European Judicial Network (EJN) in criminal matters is to facilitate mutual judicial assistance in the fight against transnational crime. It originates in a Joint Action adopted by the Council
2004
26 October 2004: Council Regulation establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (Frontex)
28 February 2002: Council Decision setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime
4/5 Nov 2004: The “Hague Program” has been agreed upon for the creation of an “area of freedom, security and justice”. It was decided on intensification of migration policy, including the construction of the Border Agency “Frontex” and the interception of refugees already in their home countries. “The Hague Program” puts the “defence of terrorism” in the centre. At the level of information exchange and cooperation we can now count on the “principle of availability”
2002
2009
Autumn 2009: To adopt the new “Stockholm program”, containing a wish-list for "police cooperation, the fight against terrorism, management of missions in third countries, migration, asylum and border management, civil protection, new technologies and information networks ".
2005
20 Sept 2005: European Police College (CEPOL) is created. Its objective is to step up cooperation between national police schools in order to promote a joint approach to the major problems encountered in fighting crime, preventing delinquency and maintaining law and order.
Institutions & Authorities
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¨ European Union’s Judicial Cooperation Unit Eurojust ¨ European Judicial Network in civil and commercial
matters ¨ European Police Office Europol
¨ Police academy CEPOL
¨ Border agency Frontex, committee for the Management of Operational Cooperation of all police agencies of the EU within its intelligence operation assessment centre.
Riots, Terrorist attacks, cross-border serious crimes
Facts
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Frontex: Illegal Border Crossing by Member States in 2007
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By Land By Air
*This table is provisional and contains the data provided by Member States until February 2008 The consolidated collected data will be presented in the Annual Risk Assessment to be distributed in June 2008
Frontex: Illegal Border Crossing by Member States in 2007
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By Sea Total
*This table is provisional and contains the data provided by Member States until February 2008 The consolidated collected data will be presented in the Annual Risk Assessment to be distributed in June 2008
Europol: # of operational projects (between ‘06 and ‘07)
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0 0.5
1 1.5
2 2.5
3 3.5
4
2006
2007
Europol: Progression of info. exchange from 2000 until 2007
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Eurojust: Requested countries vs. Requesting countries
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15th GCC eGovernment and eServices Forum
Terrorist attacks in Europe (between 2002 and 2009)
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Riots in Europe (between Dec 2008 and Feb 2009)
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Judicial and Law enforcement cooperation between EU Member States and EU agencies
The case study
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EU Interagency Collaboration - The reality….
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¨ During a routine check Spanish customs intercept a shipment of coffee containing cocaine in the harbour of Malaga.
¨ The container came from Caracas, Venezuela and was supposed to be transported by road to Antwerp and to be delivered to a trade company called BE.
¨ A number of persons are taken into custody, whilst investigations start….. ¤ The involved authorities (Europol and Eurojust) need to
collaborate in a quick and efficient manner. n European Arrest Warrant
n Rogatory Letter
n Joint Investigation Teams
n ….
¤ They need to remain in control of their systems
¤ They need to follow local as well as EU-wide laws, agreements and policies
High level exchange of information between National Judicial & Law Enforcement authorities, Europol and Eurojust
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Pan-European eGovernment Services (PEGS)
The European interoperability framework
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Underlying principles for eGovernment Page 28
Scope / Area of validity Page 29
Businesses
Citizens
Administration A
Administration B
A2BA2C
A2A
Member States A
Businesses
Citizens
Administration A
A2A
Member States B
A2C
A2B
European administration
A2B
A2C
A2A
Software architecture
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Bilateral architecture Multilateral architecture
Basics of software strategy Page 31
¨ Interoperability based on ¤ open standards
¤ open interfaces
¨ Goals … ¤ Create the lowest possible obstacles for adoption
¤ Independence from specific software vendors ¤ Long-term sustainability of software (moderate costs,
reusability, etc.) ¤ Security of communication and systems
Definition of an Open Standard
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¨ The standard is adopted and will be maintained by a not-for-profit organisation, and its ongoing development occurs on the basis of an open decision-making procedure available to all interested parties (consensus or majority decision etc.).
¨ The standard has been published and the standard specification document is available either freely or at a nominal charge. It must be permissible to all to copy, distribute and use it for no fee or at a nominal fee.
¨ Intellectual property – i.e. patents possibly present – of (parts of) the standard is irrevocably made available on a royalty-free basis.
¨ There are no constraints on the re-use of the standard.
From the technical requirements to the code
Software architecture
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Principles vs. Technical requirements
Privacy Technical Architecture Subsidiarity Software
Architecture
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Enforcement of Steps – Levels of Enforcement
Confidence
Confirmation
Controlling by Process Design
Agreements and policies
Monitoring and Controlling
Dual Control
Direct control
Optimistic strategy
Pessimistic strategy
Security analysis
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Security and Organisational Control Requirements
- Collaboration
- Transactions
- Basic Security Services
- Rights Management
- Privacy
Cross-Organisational Workflow
privatepublic
publicprivate
private
public
A
A
A B
B
B
Security analysis
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Security and Organisational Control Requirements
Coordination
ACID-Properties
Advanced Transaction Models
Pivot, Compensate, Retry
Mixed/Atomic Outcome
Time constraints
Enforcement (of steps)
- Collaboration
- Transactions
- Basic Security Services
- Rights Management
- Privacy
Security analysis
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Security and Organisational Control Requirements
- Collaboration
- Transactions
- Basic Security Services
- Rights Management
- Privacy
Data Integrity
Non-Repudiation
Time Stamping
Authentication
Confidentiality
Traceability / ‘Structured Proof’
Assurance
Security analysis
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Security and Organisational Control Requirements
Access Control
Revocation
Delegation
Separation of Duties
Obligation of Duties
- Collaboration
- Transactions
- Basic Security Services
- Rights Management
- Privacy
Security analysis
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Security and Organisational Control Requirements
Unlinkability / Unobservability
Anonymity / Pseudonymity
Data Control / Obligation Management
- Collaboration
- Transactions
- Basic Security Services
- Rights Management
- Privacy
Unisys SOA reference architecture
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Service Oriented Architecture
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Enterprise Service Bus
Workflow Management System
Legacy Application
Web Services Contracts
Audit Control Security policy …
Enterprise Service Bus
Workflow Management System
Legacy Application
Web Services Contracts
Audit Control Security policy …
Privacy Preservation in distributed Role Based Access Control
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IOP GW PEP PDPApplication ServicePEPPDP
request
autorisation request
authorisation decision
PAP
load policies
role mapping request
Oblig. Srv.
request with attribute certificate holding distributed roles and user pseudonym
send OUT
IOP GW
REQUEST .
request
auth. request
PAP
load policies
Request with attribute
certificate holding
distributed roles and user
pseudonym, signed by Root
CA of Organisation A
Oblig. Srv.
obligation service invocation
request with distributed roles
target service invocation
User X.Y..
Privacy Srv.
auth. decision
identity protection request
attribute cert.
Prosecutor
Organisation A
attribute certificate and request validation
Organisation A’s domain of trust
Organisation B’s domain of trust
Org-to-Org Confidentiality and Authenticity protection domain
End-to-EndDistributed role based access with subject privacy protection domain
Interoperability of qualified electronic signatures
R4eGov Breakthrough: Changing European practice on authority accreditation
WS-Choreography Description Language
07/08/12 Monitoring of Service Choreographies
Slide 45
Web service
Web service
Web service
process flow
Web service
Web service
Web service
collaboration
The BPEL view The CDL view
• W3C recommendation
• Describes the global view
BPEL: Business Process Execution Language CDL: Choreography Description Language
Cross organisation exchange of information
Imaginary screenshots
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15th GCC eGovernment and eServices Forum
Imaginary screenshots Request for information
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Imaginary screenshots Controlling the Choreography
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Response XML abstract <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope xmlns:wsa=http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#">
<soapenv:Header>
<rte:SecurityHeader xmlns:rte="http://r4egov.org/rte/sec">
<Assertion xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:assertion“ xmlns:xsd=
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:protocol“ xmlns:xsi=
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:assertion“ Issuer="EOL“ MajorVersion="1“ MinorVersion="1">
<Conditions NotBefore="2008-07-23T13:04:43.046Z“ NotOnOrAfter="2008-07-23T13:14:43.046Z" />
<AttributeStatement>
<Subject><NameIdentifier Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:X509SubjectName“>CN=EOL_investigation, OU=CE, O=EOL, L=Hague, ST=Hague, C=NL</NameIdentifier>
</Subject>
<Attribute AttributeName="resource“ AttributeNamespace=
"http://r4egov.org/rte/sec/attr">
<AttributeValue>searchByNameWS</AttributeValue></Attribute>
<Attribute AttributeName="roles“ AttributeNamespace=
"http://r4egov.org/rte/sec/attr"> <AttributeValue>Investigator</AttributeValue></Attribute>
<Attribute AttributeName="extraAttributes” AttributeNamespace=
"http://r4egov.org/rte/sec/attr"><AttributeValue>Portugal</AttributeValue></Attribute>
</AttributeStatement>
<ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
<ds:SignedInfo><ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#" />
<ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1" />
<ds:Reference URI="#_e059c0704eb304ccf80a84abedb2d715">
<ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1" />
<ds:DigestValue>YwHY8wu9VEcZJ6Mlx9Vu1AP0Ys4=</ds:DigestValue>
</ds:Reference>
</ds:SignedInfo>
<ds:SignatureValue>LoEuzuKcpKJwMPBKmo6YSXpZwOhLOCdtygYw/zxg2cZii0Eow9F23JFkq5/5TyUhoSPsqArG08s+yU2sc7nJFBZCCwip5ClstezQYhkunOEaLQLu77+Y6NwssKHDVUE0HERWxP5hw2tfgi4/RD15A4uUQUuT8e4fRS8brvGcIs8=</ds:SignatureValue>
</ds:Signature>
</Assertion>
</rte:SecurityHeader>
</soapenv:Header>
</soapenv:Envelope>
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Imaginary screenshots Retrieve data & Send response
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Imaginary screenshots Controlling the Choreography (final step)
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conclusions
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Conclusions
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¨ You need to incorporate the … constraints ¤ Political ¤ Business ¤ Organisational ¤ Technical
Conclusions
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¨ Do you have … understanding each other? ¤ Lawyers ¤ Economists ¤ Linguists ¤ Business Architects ¤ Project managers ¤ Software Architects ¤ Software developers ¤ Testers
Conclusions
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¨ Where can you find software developers knowing so much concepts?
¨ Do you use one methodology for each software development steps?
¨ COTS vs. Do-it-yourself? ¨ Have you developed a proof of concept using a
complex use case running under the selected software architecture?
Resources, references, contact details
Miscellaneous
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R4eGov ¨ Funded by: the European Commission through the Framework Programme 6
– Integrated Project
¨ Contract duration: from March 2006 to March 2009
¨ Budget: €11.4 millions (€7.4 millions financed by EC)
¨ Partners: 20 partners in 7 countries (BE, FR, IT, UK, NL, DE, AT)
¨ Tasks: 11 Work packages (Coordination, Dissemination, User Group / Case studies, Interoperability, Security, Integration, Training, Development of 2 Demonstrators)
http://www.r4egov.eu
Resources available Page 58
¨ Website: ¤ http://www.r4egov.eu
¨ Three Video presentations ¤ http://www.dailymotion.com/group/r4egov
n Business Presentation n Technical components n Architecture mechanisms
¨ Tools ¤ eGovCube: http://www.uni-koblenz.de/~regov/
¨ European Commission ¤ Framework Programme 6: http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp6/index_en.cfm ¤ Information Society Technologies: http://cordis.europa.eu/ist/about/about.htm
References
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¨ Eurojust: http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33188.htm ¤ http://www.eurojust.europa.eu/press_releases/annual_reports/2006/Annual_Report_2006_EN.pdf ¤ http://www.eurojust.europa.eu/press_releases/annual_reports/2007/Annual_Report_2007_EN.pdf
¨ Europol: http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l14005b.htm ¤ http://www.europol.europa.eu/publications/Annual_Reports/EuropolAnnualReport2006.pdf ¤ http://www.europol.europa.eu/publications/Annual_Reports/Annual%20Report%202007.pdf
¨ European Judicial Network: http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/index_en.htm
¨ CEPOL: http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l14006.htm
¨ Frontex: http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33216.htm ¤ http://www.frontex.europa.eu/gfx/frontex/files/justyna/annual_report_2006%5B1%5D.pdf ¤ http://www.frontex.europa.eu/gfx/frontex/files/justyna/frontex_general_report_2007_final.pdf
Riots / Strikes in Europe
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¨ Greece (Dec 2008) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Greek_riots ¨ Iceland (Jan 2009) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Icelandic_financial_crisis_protests ¨ Sweden (Dec 2008) ¨ Lithuania (Jan 2009) http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/17/world/europe/17lithuania.html
¨ Latvia (Jan 2009) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Riga_riot ¨ Bulgaria (Jan 2009) http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSLE473019 ¨ France (Feb 2009)
http://www.heralddeparis.com/rage-and-violence-anti-nato-march-in-strasbourg-started-peacefully/29960
¨ Guadeloupe (16 Feb 2009) http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=OTcwMjc3MzQ3
¨ Lampedusa – Italy (Feb 2009) http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20090219/world-news/illegal-immigrants-start-fires-clashes-at-lampedusa
References
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¨ Pictures from http://www.flickr.com ¨ Maps generated by http://gunn.co.nz/map/ ¨ Definitions from http://www.wikipedia.org
Unisys representatives @ be.unisys.com
Abdelkrim.Boujraf Athina.Dalamanga
David.Huys Emidio.Stani
Philippe.Vlerick
Unisys Steering Committee member: Patrice-Emmanuel.Schmitz
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