Post on 07-Feb-2016
description
1491-1600The Atlantic World
Conditions in Europe 1492
Political power in hands of a few Church & Aristocracy owned land and
power Constant warfare & frequent civil wars Extensive poverty, and disease Overcrowded communities High crime rate General filth, greed, and corruption
The town of Leyden (and neither Delft as well I gather) was hardly paved with stone of brick and the streets were full of filth and excrement from numerous roaming cows, horses, pigs, small cattle, and poultry, but also of human beings who freely relieved themselves on the street. This necessitated wooden platform shoes (trippen)* which were bound under ones shoes. The town smelled badly, and in summer even enormously, especially when the mud was raked.
Technological Advancements caravel, a new and lighter ship was
developed, which would allow sea captains to sail further and faster.
The compass—China The astrolabe—the navigator could
determine his latitude, by The using take the altitude of the sun
Christopher Columbus
1492—set sail from Spain Nina Pinta Santa Maria
He was trying to reach Cathey (China)
Was the world flat?
Pythagoras—600BC the world is round Eratosthenes—200BC same conclusion
28,000 mile circumference (24,901) Claudia Ptolomy—22AD same conclusion
Columbus believed the Earth was round, but only had a circumference of 6,000 miles
What did his crew believe?
Superstitious The voyage was taking to long The ocean was uncharted Lights in the sky (Aurora Borealis)
Sea Monsters
8th week out at sea—food & water may run out
9th week—LAND!!! Natives were friendly, sharing, equal,
and peaceful The land was lush, clean, and abundant
“I have reached the Garden of Eden”
In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the West Indies, in the Caribbean. He encountered the Arawak people, who were friendly and generous toward the Spanish.
Spanish conquistadors, or conquerors, followed in the wake of Columbus. They settled on Caribbean islands, seized gold from the Taínos, and forced them to convert to Christianity.
Meanwhile, smallpox, measles and influenza carried by the Europeans wiped out village after native village. Native Americans had no immunity, or resistance, to such diseases.
Cortes in MexicoHernan Cortés landed on the Mexican coast in 1519.
GOLD!!!!!!!!!!!!
Cortés arranged alliances with discontented peoples who hated their Aztec overlords.
The Aztec emperor, Montezuma, thought Cortés might be a god. He offered tribute to Cortés and welcomed him to Tenochtitlán.
When relations grew strained, the Aztecs drove the Spanish out of Tenochtitlán.
In 1521, Cortés returned and captured and demolished Tenochtitlán.
European Advantages
Horses—Natives had never seen them Body Armor—metal helmets, breast
plates Metal weapons—swords & fire arms Disease—Smallpox, Measles, Flu
Columbian Exchange
France—Northwest Passage Giovanni de Verrazzano—Does not find it:
New York Harbor, 1524 Jacques Cartier—Does not find it: St.
Lawrence River Samuel de Champlain—No passage:
Quebec French settle the area around The Great
Lakes—Fur Trade Explore the Mississippi river—Joliet &
Marquette Settle Louisiana Jesuits—bring Christianity to natives
ENGLAND
Why hasn’t England traveled to New World?
○ Lack of stability—1325-1500 perpetual state of war—Hundred Years War, internal strife (religious)
○ Set up trade w/Africa and Europe
Lost Colony of Roanoke 2nd attempt— Lost Colony of Roanoke
1587—2nd expedition—120 men & womenFarmers, soldiers—build housesJohn White sails back to England—supplies &
more peopleWAR—Spain & England
White cannot return for 3 years No people are left, English or Native