13 COLONIES

MIDDLE COLONIESNEW YORK

NEW JERSEYPENNSYLVANIA

DELAWARE

MIDDLE COLONIES

NEW NETHERLANDS BECOMES NEW YORK

NEW NETHERLAND BECOMES NEW YORK

• Patroons owned large parcels of land given to them by the Dutch officials to encourage settlement in the New Netherlands.

• Most settlers were in the are called New Amsterdam which is present day Manhattan Island.

• Many settlers from different countries settled in New Amsterdam for trade & religious freedom.

• Peter Stuyvesant was the governor of New Netherlands and was a very strict leader. He demanded very high taxes from the people.

NEW NETHERLANDS BECOMES NEW YORK

• In 1664, the rivalry between England and the Netherlands for trade in the colonies led to a war in Europe.

• English warships entered the port of New Amsterdam and took over the city.

• No one helped Stuyvesant defend the city because they were not loyal to the Dutch or to him!!

MIDDLE COLONIESNEW YORK

• King Charles II of England gave New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York. He renamed the colony New York in the Duke’s honor.

• New York continued to attract settlers from many different lands & religions. English Puritans, French Protestants, Scots, Irish, Swedes, Dutch, and Finns.

• New York was such a large area and it was too big to govern. So the Duke of York gave some land to his 2 friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George.

MIDDLE COLONIESNEW JERSEY

• Lord Berkeley & Sir George Carteret set up a proprietary colony in New Jersey.

• Proprietors were free to divide the land and rent it to others. They made laws for the colony but had to respect the rights of the colonies under English law.

• In 1702, New Jersey became a Royal Colony under control of the English Crown.

• The colony’s charter protected religious freedom and the rights of an assembly to vote on local matters.

• Very much like New York as far as the people who settled in the colony.

DUKE OF YORK

LORD BERKELY & SIR GEORGE CARTERET

MIDDLE COLONIESPENNSYLVANIA

• William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania.

• He was a Quaker, which was the most despised religion in England. They were arrested, fined, and even hanged for their beliefs.

• He was from a wealthy family and was a friend of King Charles II. The king gave him land in the new world.

• Penn knew he needed a safe haven for the Quakers.

QUAKERS

QUAKER RELIGION

• THEY BELIEVED THAT ALL PEOPLE –MEN AND WOMEN, NOBLES AND COMMONERS– WERE EQUAL IN GOD’S EYES.

• THEY ALLOWED WOMEN TO PREACH IN PUBLIC.

• THEY WOULD NOT BOW OR REMOVE THEIR HATS FOR NOBILITY.

• THEY SPOKE OUT AGAINST ALL WARS AND REFUSED TO SERVE IN THE MILITARY.

• THEY WERE PACIFISTS!

PENN’S HOLY EXPERIMENT

• HE WANTED TO BE A MODEL FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, PEACE, AND CHRISTIAN LIVING. HE ALLOWED ALL RELIGIONS TO PRACTICE FREELY! (later on he was forced by the King to exclude Catholics & Jews)

• HE CALLED FOR THE FAIR TREATMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS. HE FELT SETTLERS SHOULD PAY NATIVE AMERICANS FOR THEIR LAND.

• HE LEARNED THE INDIANS LANGUAGE AND TREATED TEHM EQUALLY. IN RETURN THE INDIANS RESPECTED PENN.

PENN’S WOODS= =PENNSYLVANIA

• Penn advertised all over Europe and soon settlers from England, Scotland, Wales, the Netherlands, France, and Germany came.

• A very large population were German speaking Protestants. They were called the PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH because the word Deutsch means German.

WILLIAM PENN

PHILADELPHIA

PHILADELPHIA

• PENN CAREFULLY PLANNED A CAPITOL CITY ALONG THE DELAWARE RIVER.

• HE NAMED IT PHILADELPHIA WHICH MEANS THE CITY OF “BROTHERLY LOVE”.

DELAWARE

• IT HAD ORIGINALLY BEEN PART OF PENNSYLVANIA, BUT IT WAS TOO FAR FOR THEIR REPRESENTATIVES TO GET TO PHILADELPHIA TO VOTE ON ISSUES.

• SO IN 1701, PENN ALLOWED THEM TO ELECT THEIR OWN ASSEMBLY.

• IN 1704, IT BECAME THE COLONY OF DELAWARE.

MIDDLE COLONIES

• GEOGRAPHY- They had a rich and fertile farm land and a longer growing season then the New England colonies.

• They raised wheat, barley, and rye. Which were known as CASH CROPS.

• Farmers also raised cattle & pigs.• They had many skilled artisans.• The colony became a center of manufacturing

and crafts.• They also had large supplies of iron ore.

MIDDLE COLONIESTHE BACKCOUNTRY

• Many Scottish 7 Germans settled at the base of the Appalachian Mountains. They followed an old Iroquois trail called the GREAT WAGON ROAD.

• Life there was much more difficult and they did get into more fights with the Native Americans.

• They hunted wild animals for food, gathered honey from hallow in trees, and made wooden dishes out of the trees.