Post on 06-Apr-2018
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Elements and principle of design
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Fundamentals Of design
Design elements and principles are the basic visual toolboxof design tactics.
The elements form the basic vocabulary of visual design, The elements of design are the basic components used as part
of any composition. They are the objects to be arranged,
The constituent parts used to create the composition itself.
These elements are Point Line Form (shape), Texture Color
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Point
point is an element that has position, butno extension.
It is a single mark in space with aprecise, but limited, location.
Alone it can provide a powerful relationbetween negative and positive space,but when grouped with other points theGestalt grouping principal of closuretends to kick in and the braincompulsively connects the points
together. Line or form is a naturalresult of
multiple points in space.
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Lines
A line can be thought of aspoints so close together that theylose their individual identity andform a new entity.
Lines act as border between
ideas, concepts or steps in asequence. Since lines can be straight,
curved, or irregularly shaped, It can be thought, line as the
track of a point in motion
depicting various forms.
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Vertical lines can stop eyemovement implying mass
and give volume to astructure. They also equateto power and strength.
Horizontal lines symbolizerest and relaxation.
Diagonal lines are dynamic
and action-oriented, theyportray dimensions anddirections.
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Curved lines
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Shapes
A shape is defined as an area thatstands out from the space next to oraround it due to a defined or impliedboundary, or because of differencesof value, colour, or texture.
It is formed when a line encloses an
area. These lined enclosures createan illusionary focus termed as shapes. Shapes can vary endlessly and can
suggest physical form and direct eyemovement based on the directionalmovement of lines.
Shapes define figure, create ground
relationships and relate forms andfigures.
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Texture It is defined as the surface
characteristics of a material thatcan be experienced through thesense of touch or the illusion oftouch.
In visual images, actual
textures can be used, such ascloth, boxes, small objects, andnatural items.
Achieved when thefundamental elements of
design have been used toexpress a single concept.
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Colour
Colour is the most important part ofdesigning. The primary colours are red,yellow and blue.
Mixing any two primary colours results in asecondary colour. The colour wheel is created when the
primary and secondary colours are placedin a circle.
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Colors nearest the center or the poles are most achromatic. Colors of the same lightness and saturation are of the same nuance. Colors of the same hue and saturation, but of different lightness, are
said to be tintsand shades. Colors of the same hue and lightness, but of varying saturation, are
called tones.
An extension of the color wheel:
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Designing Principles
Design elements and principles are the basic visual toolbox ofdesign tactics
The principles constitute the broader structural aspects of thecomposition.
The principles of design consist of- PROPORTION, BALANCE, RHYTHM
Repetition, gradation, radiation,
contrast, DOMINANCE (EMPHASIS), HARMONY, unity,
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Proportion
Pleasing relationship of
areas sometimes referred toas scale.
The relative length of twoparts of a garment is termedas proportion.
The degree and method ofsubordinating some part of adesign to other is shown asproportion
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Balance
Balance is the equal distribution ofweights. (Actual or virtual)
Symmetry between the left and righthalves of the body in a garment istermed as the symmetrical balance.
The purpose of balance is to bring asatisfying relationship between allthe design parts.
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Most successful compositions achieve balance inone of two ways:
SymmetricallyAsymmetrically
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Rhythm
Rhythm is the repeated use
of lines or shapes to createa pattern. Rhythm isachieved through:
Radiation
Repetition
Dominance Isolation
Gradation
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Emphasis
Emphasis creates a
centre of interest byfocusing the viewer'sattention on a specificarea of the garment. Itis basically the use of
subordination in variousparts in order toemphasize andhighlight certain parts.
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Unity
Unity means that allelements of a design
work together toproduce a successfulvisual effect. Alsoknown as harmony,achieved when the
fundamental elementsof design have beenused to express asingle concept.